Grammar BookDiego Taylor
Table of Contents Ser Estar Verbs Like Gustar Hacer Expressions Verbs in the Preterit Preterit Trigger Words -Car, -Gar, -Zars Spock Verbs Cucaracha Verbs
Snake Verbs Snakeyes Commands Irregular Commands DOP IOP Only time OPs can
Hook onto Verbs Se Impersonal
Ser To be Used for: Descriptions Origin Characteristics Time Occupations Relationships Possessions Events Dates
Estar To be “How you feel and where you are is when you use
estar.” –Sra. Rodriguez Health Emotions Location Present Condition I N G
Verbs Like Gustar Gustar verbs only conjugate into the Usted,
Ustedes and in some cases the tú forms. Gustar Gusta Gustas Gustan Faltar Falta Faltas Faltan Doler Duele Dueles Duelen Fascinar Fascina Fascinas Fasinan Molestar Molesta Molestas Molestan
Hacer Expressions Hacer expressions are used to express
time Hace + Time + Que + Verb Example Hace tres dias que trabajo aquí I have been working here for three days Hace tres dias que empecé a trabajar aquí I started working here three years ago
Verbs in The Preterit The preterit is used
when an action has a definite beginning and/or end.
Preterit Trigger Words Words or phrases that are used to call for
the use of a preterit verb Ex. Ayer=yesterday El otro dia=the other day El dia anterior=the day before Va a vez=one time Ayer por la mañana=yesterday morning
Preterit Triggers cont. El fin de samana passado=last weekend Entonces=then En ese memento=in that moment Hace dos dias=two days ago
Preterit irregulars, -Car, -Gar, -Zar
First grouping of irregular preterit verbs Only conjugated differently in the “yo” form Car -> qué Tocar-> toqué Gar -> ué Jugar-> jugué Zar -> cé comenzar-> comencé
Spock Verbs Spock verbs are the second grouping of
irregular verbs in the preterit Hacer: hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicieron Ir/ser: fui fuiste fue fuimos fueron Dar: di diste dio dimos dieron Ver: vi viste vio vimos vieron
Cucaracha Verbs Third grouping of irregular preterit verbs Only the base of verb changes while preterit endings stay
same Andar=anduv- Estar=estuv- Poder=pud- Poner=pus- Querer=quis- Saber=sup- Tener=tuv- Vener=vin
Cucaracha Verbs cont. Conduceir=conduj- Producir=produj Traducir=traduj- Decir=dij- Traer=traj- If verb conjugation ends in a j drop the “I” in
the ending if it follows the j.
Snake Verbs Change the root of the
verb in the preterit only in the usted and ustedes forms.
Ex.
Snakeys Only change in usted
and ustedes Add “y” to beginning of
suffix Verbs like leer, creer,
and oír
Ex.
Commands Affirmative commands in the “tu” form are formed
by simply dropping the “s” at the end Affirmative commands in the usted and ustedes
forms change the verb to the “yo” form and change to opposite vowel
Opposite vowel means if verb is –ar change the “o” to “e” and if an –er verb change “o” to “a”
A Direct object, DO, can be added to an affermitive
Commands cont. For negative commands in the “tu” form put
in “yo” for, change to opposite vowel and add an “s”
For the negative usted and ustedes form follow same rule as above but place “no” before the verb
Warning: DOP and IOP do not connect to negative verb commands
Irregular Commands For the negative “tu” form the irregulars are
different then the other irregulars Di Haz Ve Pon Sal Se Ten Ven
Irregular Commands cont. For all other forms of commands the irregulars
are the “TVDISHES” T=tenga V=venga D=dé I=ir=vaya S=sea H=haga E=esté S=sepa
DOP A DOP answers the question who or what The DOPs are: me, te, lo/la/se, nos, and
los/las/se “se” is used when two objects that start with
“L” are together Can exist without an IOP
IOP IOPs can only be used with a DOP present
in the setence Answers the question to whom or for whom Me, te, le/se, nos, los las Is the receiver of action Se lo di= I gave it to her The se is actually a le but changes to se
Only time Object Pronouns can Hook onto a Verb
1: if the verb is in the un-conjugated infinitive form
2: in affirmative commands
3: if the verb is in gerund form
Se Impersonal “se” is used to not specify the person who
is committing the action It is only used when the verb is in the
“usted” form Can be used in all tenses of the verb Se habla español aquí. => An unspecified
person speeks spanish here.
Grammer Book Part 2
Grammar Book part 2. Past Participles as Adjectives El Futuro and ir + a+ infinitive Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Pronouns Informal + irregulars verbs Formal + irregulars verbs DOP + IOP placement in verbs Modal Verbs Reflexives Saber vs. Conocer
Past Participles when conjugating a verb, take off the
ending and attach –ado or –ido Ar -ado Ir/Er -Ido
El Futuro and ir + a+ infinitive
É emos
ás
á an
The future tense is used to describe an action that has not occurred yet but will occur
Demonstrative Adjectives Agree in both gender and number with the noun
they modify Always in front of noun they modify Este/Esta (this) Ese/Ese (that)
Estos/Estas (these) Esos/Esas (those)
Demonstrative Pronouns Add an accent over the first “e” of the
demonstrative adjectives to make it a pronoun
Informal + irregulars verbs
The irregulars are TVDISHES
Formal + irregular verbs
DOP + IOP placement in verbs 1: if the verb is in the un-conjugated
infinitive form
2: in affirmative commands
3: if the verb is in gerund form Negative commands the DOP/IOP is
placed in front of verb
Model Verbs Model Verbs pair with another verb to get a
new meaning
Ir+a+infinitive Going to do something
Poder+infinitive Are able to do something
Querer+infinitive Want to do something
Deber+infinitve Should do something
Tener que+infinitve To have to do something
Reflexive Verbs Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive verbs reflect the action back to the doer of the action
Me nos
te os
se se
Reflexive Verbs cont. Ex.to bathe
bañarse
to get up
levantarse
to be happy
alegrarse
to go to bed
acostarse
Saber Vs. Conocer
Saber To know informative facts Mental
Conocer To know places, people,
things physical
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