WELCOME
SOIL CONSERVATION AND TECHNICS
Gururaj Amonkar457CE13015Civil Department5TH Sem
Introduction Why is soil conservation important? First let us look at the problem of soil erosion. Improve soil management Methods for soil consevation Contour plough Multiple cropping Ten technics to conserve soil Analysis of different methods Advantages & disadvantages Conclusion Referance Thank you
CONTAINS
INTRODUCTION
Soil conservation is a set of management strategies for prevention of soil being eroded from the Earth’s surface or becoming chemically altered by overuse, acidification, salinization, soil erosion or other chemical soil contamination to retain the fertility of soil.
A nation that destroys it soil destroys itself." - President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1937
Why is soil conservation important?
First let us look at the problem of soil erosion.
Gully erosion occurs when small streams unite and create a stronger flow, cutting a channel down which water flows during or just after rain
Improve soil management
Practice: contour plowing reduced tillage or no tillage, using windbreaks to
reduce wind speeds at the land surface,
allowing soils to rest promote humus
production
Methods for soil conservation TERRACE FARMING: This method of farming uses "steps", called andenes,
that are built into the side of a mountain or hill. On each anden, various crops are planted, and when it rains, instead of washing away all of the nutrients in the soil, the nutrients are carried down to the next level. Additionally, these "steps" prevent a free flowing avalanche of water that would take plants with it and destroy the all of the crops on the hillside. This system also allowed them to build aqueducts, which carried water to each andenes
Contour plouging
Contour farming is the farming practice of ploughing across a slope following its elevation contour lines. The rows form slow water run-off during rainstorms to prevent soil erosion and allow the water time to settle into the soil. In contour ploughing, the ruts made by the plough run perpendicular rather than parallel to slopes, generally resulting in furrows that curve around the land and are level.
Multiple cropping
In agriculture, multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in the same space during a single growing season. In which a second crop is planted after the first has been harvested, in which the second crop is started amidst the first crop before it has been harvested. A related practice, companion planting, is sometimes used in gardening and intensive cultivation of vegetables and fruits.
Ten technics to conserve soil Plant trees
Terraces
No-till farming Contour ploughing
Crop rotation Soil pH
Water the soil
Salinity management Soil organisms Indigenous crops
05/02/2023Lamsal
Valuation method Description Strength and Weakness ExampleMarket based approaches
Interaction between consumers and producers with regards to the demand and supply of goods and services.
Standard, accepted economic techniques.Does not measure TEV.
Gross value of crop production.
Production function/change in productivity method
Estimate the economic value of ecosystem products or services that contribute to the production of commercially marketed goods
Single use systems easier.Multiple use production function approach aremore problematic.Risk of double counting
Soil fertility improves crop yield
Cost Based approach1) preventive expenditure approach
Environmental services can be valued by looking at how much it would cost to set in place measures to prevent the damage arising from their loss.
Easy, simple. Do not directly measure WTP for environmental goods and services
Flood control, siltation barriers
Analysis of different methods
05/02/2023Lamsal
Valuation method
Description Strength and Weakness
Example
ii)Damage avoided approaches
Environmental services help to avoid economic costs
Easy, simple. Do not directly measure WTP for environmental goods and services.
The costs of destruction to houses, roads, bridges and farms caused by flooding.
iii) Replacement or repair expenditure
Examining the potential costs of restoring or replacing productive assets lost or degraded due to project impacts or improper management.
Easy, simple. Do not directly measure WTP for environmental goods and services.
The benefits of implementing improved agricultural practices in upland soil areas can be reflected in the cost of replacing soil and nutrients that would be lost through erosion.
Cont...
Advantages Avoid annual soil disturbance
Once established low maintenance requirement to produce crop
Avoid erosion and desertification
reserve for native flora and fauna
Maintain soil fertility
DisadvantagesUnavailable for annual crop production
Possible weed competition
Often in applicable due to previous land distribuance
Labour intensive
Acceptable alternative must be available
No single method is enough for appropriate valuation of soil conservation due to its multidimensional role.
Cost based approaches and market based approaches are easy and simple but not capture the ecological, biological role of soil and people's willingness to pay.
Production function approaches which is complex and tedious for multiple output but gives accurate if data were put appropriately.
Conclusion
Here are some additional resources on the webhttp://www.hintze-online.com/sos/soils-online.htmlhttp://nscss.org/ssource.htmlhttp://www.bsyse.wsu.edu/~saxton/soilwatr/
Referance
Thank You
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