Introduction toSoftware Engineering
Arry Akhmad ArmanSchool of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsInstitut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
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School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Last update: September 2008
Software are everywhere!y
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Software are everywhere!y
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Software are everywhere!y
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Current State of Human CivilizationHuman Civilization
Hardwaretechnology
Softwaretechnologygy
Networktechnology
Mechanical
Information Society
Mechanicaltechnology
Othertechnologies Information Society
Knowledge SocietyInformation Technologyis an enabler in
I f ti S i t
technologies
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Information Society orKnowledge Society
The Importance of Softwarein Human Lifein Human Life
• Millennium Bug (Y2K) !
– Warning of Y2K bug one decade before 2000.
li ’ b d– Clinton’s government budget for Y2K is around 3.4B USD[source: http://cnn.com][ p // ]
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Importance of Software[Roger S Pressman][Roger S. Pressman]
Become a driving force
Become a driving force
Importance of Engine that d i b i
Engine that d i b i
Key difference d d t
Key difference d d t Importance of
Software drives business decision making.drives business
decision making.modern products
and services.modern products
and services.
Basis for modern scientific
investigation problem solving
Basis for modern scientific
investigation problem solving
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
problem solvingproblem solving
Importance of Software[Roger S Pressman][Roger S. Pressman]
• It is embedded in system of all kinds : transportation, It is embedded in system of all kinds : transportation, medical, telecommunications, military, industrial process, entertainment, office products, … the list is almost endless.almost endless.
• Software is virtually inescapable in a modern world.
• And as we move into the twenty-first century, it will y y,become the driver for new advances in everything from elementary education to genetic engineering
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
engineering.
Role of Software
Software as a product Software as a tools d l d
• Software-software yang dapat menjalankan fungsi secara l ti W d
to develop product
• Tools untuk menghasilkan t d k ti i langsung, seperti Word
processor, Spreadsheet, dan sebagainya.
• Software-software embedded
suatu produk, seperti movie editor
• Operating System• CompilersSoftware software embedded
dalam berbagai perangkat : router, cellular phones, dan sebagainya.
• Compilers• Development Tools
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
IT roles has been predicted since ….p
• Osborne 1979 “new industrial • Osborne, 1979, new industrial revolution”
• Toffler, 1980, “advent of microelectronics part of the third wave of change in human historyAlvin Toffler history
• Naisbitt, 1982, predicted a
Alvin Toffler
Naisbitt, 1982, predicted a transformation from industrial society to information society
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
John Naisbitt
IT roles has been predicted since ….p
• Feigenbaum and McCorduck 1983 • Feigenbaum and McCorduck, 1983, “information and knowledge (controlled by computers) would be the focal point for ppower in 21 century
• Stoll, 1989, “electronic community” created by networks and software was the key to knowledge interchange throughout the world
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Strategic and Innovative Industryg y
• Dalam buku “…impact of IS on the US and the world”, Feigenbaum & McCroduck menyatakan :Feigenbaum & McCroduck menyatakan :
– “Knowledge is power, and the computer is an amplifier of that power… The American computer amplifier of that power… The American computer industry has been innovative, vital, succesfull. It is, in a way, the ideal industry. ……….. But what about tomorrow ?”
• Tomorrow : Computer menjadi komoditas yang dapat disediakan oleh banyak pihak. Software masih menjadi industri yang “inovatif vital dan sukses”masih menjadi industri yang inovatif, vital dan sukses
• US bertahan untuk menjadi terdepan dalam industri software.
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Software Industries Area
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Silicon Valley, USBaliCamp, Indonesia
Bangalore, India’s Silicon Valleyg , y
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Sumber: Foto Arry Akhmad Arman dari CeBIT 2005 di Hannover, Jerman
Thailand
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Sumber: Foto Arry Akhmad Arman dari CeBIT 2005 di Hannover, Jerman
Silicon Valleyy
L ki h S J (d i f l f ) d h f Sili V llLooking west over northern San Jose (downtown is at far left) and other parts of Silicon Valley
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Software menggeser peranan hardwaregg p
• Trend :Trend :– Hardware berubah menjadi platform yang semakin
“general purpose”
– Karakteristik sistem ditentukan oleh software.
– Software memegang peranan yang semakin penting.
• Contoh : Komputer, modem, IC, sentral telpon digital dan sebagainyadigital, dan sebagainya.
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Pengertian Softwareg
• Software adalah Software adalah
– (1) instruksi-instruksi (program komputer) yang pada (1) instruksi instruksi (program komputer) yang pada saat dieksekusi akan menjalankan fungsi tertentu dengan kinerja (performance) tertentu,
( ) k d ki k k – (2) struktur data yang memungkinkan program untuk dapat memanipulasi informasi, dan
– (3) dokumen-dokumen yang menggambarkan operasi (3) dokumen dokumen yang menggambarkan operasi dan penggunaan program
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Evolusi Software…….
• 1950-1965 : Batch orientation, limited distribution, custom software
• 1964-1974 : Multi user, Real-time, Database, Product Software
• 1973-1988 : Distributed System Embedded “Intelligence” • 1973-1988 : Distributed System, Embedded Intelligence , Low Cost Hardware, Consumer Impact
• 1985-2000 : Powerful desktop system, Object Oriented T h l E S A ifi i l N l N k P l l Technology, Expert System, Artificial Neural Network, Paralel Computing, Internet (Global Network), Multimedia
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Perspektif Industrip
• Computer based systemComputer based system
– Awal : hardware-oriented management, cost terbesar dialokasikan pada hardware
Kini : terjadi perubahan besar software mengambil – Kini : terjadi perubahan besar, software mengambil peranan yang lebih penting, cost terbesar bergeser pada software.
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Karakteristik Software
• Software : logical; Selain software : fisik; sehingga o og ; o ; ggkarakteristiknya tidak sama.
k k f• Karakteristik Software– Software is developed, it is not manufactured in the classical
sense.
– Software doesn’t “wear out”
– Most software is custom-built, rather than being assembled from existing components. o e st g co po e ts.
– Note : dengan berkembangnya teknologi OOP, pengembangan software berbasis komponen semakin banyak dilakukan
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
software berbasis komponen semakin banyak dilakukan.
Hardware Characteristic
infant t
e r
ate
mortality ware out
fail
ure
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
time
Software Characteristics
increased failurerate due to side effectsincreased failurerate due to side effects
Failurerate
rate due to side effectsFailure
rate
rate due to side effects
change
actual curve
change
actual curve
idealized curveidealized curve
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
TimeTime
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Software Typesyp
• System SoftwareSystem Software
• Real-time Software
• Business Software• Business Software
• Engineering & Scientific Software
• Embedded Software • Embedded Software
• PC Software
Web based Software• Web-based Software
• Artificial Intelligence Software
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Software Sistem
• Software Sistem adalah software yang berfungsi untuk melayani software lainnya
T t h i • Tugas utama : resource sharing, scheduling, manajemen proses, interface eksternal, dll.
Application• Contoh : compiler, utility
manajemen file, komponen-komponen sistem operasi driver Operating System
Application Software
komponen sistem operasi, driver, dan sebagainya.
Hardware
Operating System
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Realtime Software
• Software yang berfungsi untuk memonitor/ menganalisis/mengontrol kejadian kejadian dalam “real world”kejadian-kejadian dalam real world .
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Real-time System Configurationy g
Integrator/monitoring
Akuisisi AnalisisKontrol/Output
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Response time
Software Bisnis
• Merupakan daerah Merupakan daerah aplikasi software terbesar
• Dibuat untuk mempercepat proses bisnis dan mempermudah pengambilan keputusan
• Berhubungan dengan database yang besar
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
database yang besar
Software Embedded
• Produk-produk pmekanik/elektronik semakin “pintar” karena dilengkapi dengan prosesor dan software g pyang embeded didalamnya.
• Software biasanya disimpan dalam ROM/EPROMdalam ROM/EPROM
• Software melakukan fungsi-fungsi yang sederhana
• Contoh : VCR, televisi, mesin cuci, dashboard mobil, dan
b i
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
sebagainya.
Software Web-based
• Software Web-based pada prinsipnya merupakan kombinasi dari bahasa untuk memformat dokumen (HTML) serta instruksi-instruksi yang dinyatakan dalam bentuk
– CGI
– Java
– Perl Hardware Software
Internet
W b S
CGI
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Web Server
Software Intelligenceg
• Software Intelligence adalah software yang dapat menggantikan sebagian fungsi kecerdasan.
• Salah satu bentuk aplikasi yang populer adalah “Expert System”.
• Berkembang pula “Artificial Neural Network”
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Do machine can be smarter than human??than human??
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Deep Blue vs Garry Kasparov p y p
• Deep Blue, the screen of which is seen here as the computer plays chess against Garry Kasparov in 1997, is an IBM supercomputer that uses scalable parallel that uses scalable parallel processing to solve complex problems.
• Deep Blue uses 256 processors • Deep Blue uses 256 processors working together to calculate between 50 and 100 billion chess moves in under three
Real world applications of computers like Deep Blue include forecasting chess moves in under three
minutes.like Deep Blue include forecasting the weather, drug and genetics research, designing clean-up plans for toxic waste, and powering web servers on the
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2005. © 1993-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
powering web servers on the Internet.
Closing Remarksg
• Software menduduki peranan yang semakin Software menduduki peranan yang semakin strategis dibandingkan hardware
• Hardware menjadi sub-sistem yang dibuat j b y g bsemakin generik. Fungsi sistem ditentukan oleh software
• Industri software menjadi salah satu industri strategis yang sudah dikembangkan di berbagai
d h dik b k l di negara dan harus dikembangkan pula di Indonesia.
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Thank youy
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Arry, Farid, Armein
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008Arry Akhmad Arman
Jembatan Golden Gate, San-Francisco, 2001Dalam rangka Comparative Study
Untuk Pengembangan Industri Software di Indonesia