Transcript
Page 1: Social Science And Humanities

Social Science and Humanities

Family Studies - Grade 12

Half Day Workshop

Subject Specific Training 2002

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Agenda• Welcome and Introductions• The Grade 12 Course Profiles• The Destinations• Assessment and Evaluation• Multiple Intelligences• Critical Thinking Skills• Cooperative Learning• Social Science Research Skills• Technology in the Family Studies Classroom• Conclusion

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What is a Course Profile?

• a sample plan for implementing curriculum policy

• a detailed example for teachers to use in developing their courses

• can be used “as is” or adapted

It is one way of presenting a course of study that links: Expectations Assessment Teaching/ Learning Strategies Course Type

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Family Studies - Grade 12 Course Profiles

• Food and Nutrition Sciences - University/College (HFA4M)

• Individuals and Families in a Diverse Society - University/College (HHS4M)

• Issues in Human Growth and Development - University/College (HHG4M)

• Parenting and Human Development - Workplace (HPD4E)

• The Fashion Industry - Open (HNB40)

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The Writing ProcessIndividuals and Families in a Diverse Society,

University/College, HFA4MIssues in Human Growth and Development,

University/College, HHG4MParenting and Human Development, Workplace,

HPD4E

Public and Catholic writing teams worked in consultation to create the unit overview, each team wrote one unit, two documents produced

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The Writing Process

Food and Nutrition Sciences, University/College, HFA4M

The Fashion Industry, Open, HNB40

Public and Catholic writing teams scoped out the courses together, each team wrote one unit; one document produced

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Gap Analysis

The Fashion Industry, Individual and Families in a Diverse Society, Food and Nutrition Sciences

Similarities to the old courses??• Similar topics• Practical applications/skills• HHS4M: family life cycle approach has been

adapted, Independent Study component

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Parenting CoursesFour courses that focus on parenting, child

development, human development

Grade 11 - Parenting HPC30- Living and Working With ChildrenHPW3C

Grade 12 - Parenting Human Development HPD4E- Issues in Human Growth and

Development HHG4M

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Similarities? Differences?

• Communication Skills and Healthy Relationships

• Stages of childhood - longer time span• Emphasis on brain research and the

importance of the Early Years• Placement/Practical experiences • Other ideas???

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Career Education• Specific expectations address careers in many of

the Grade 12 courses• All students have taken Grade 10 Career Studies

course (Prior Knowledge) • Family Studies Career Resource package available

on the following websites:- Ontario Family Studies Leadership Council www.ofslc.org- Ontario Family Studies Home Economics Educators Association www.ofsheea.ca

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Teaching Careers

• Guest speakers

• Interviews

• Computer applications/Internet

• Placements/practical application (job shadow)

• Grade 10 Career Studies teachers

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Safety Issues • No expectations within the courses that deal

with safety issues• Practical nature of the courses means that

teachers MUST address safety• Diagnostic assessment - what do students

know??• Foods - how to address skills and safety

issues, students may not have previous food course experiences (HIF, HFN)

• Fashion - safety issues are concern, grade 11 course is not a prerequisite

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Grade 12 Destinations

Open - The Fashion Industry

Workplace Preparation - Parenting and Human Development

University/College Preparation - Food and Nutrition Sciences, Individuals and Families in a Diverse Society, Issues in Human Growth

and Development

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Open Courses

Open courses are designed to broaden students’ knowledge and skills in subjects that reflect their interests and to prepare them for active and rewarding participation in society. They are not designed with the specific requirements of universities, colleges, or the workplace in mind

(The Ontario Curriculum Grades 9 to 12 Program Planning and Assessment, page 12)

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Workplace Preparation

Workplace preparation courses are designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills they need to meet the expectations of employers, if they plan to enter the workplace directly after graduation, or the requirements for admission to certain apprenticeship or other training programs

(The Ontario Curriculum Grades 9 to 12 Program Planning and Assessment, page 12)

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Workplace Courses• NOT Basic level • Destination focus• OYAP - Ontario Youth Apprenticeship Program

Early Childhood EducationAboriginal Early Childhood EducatorChild and Youth Care Worker

• Check with your school board and local community college for status of OYAP in your community

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University/College Preparation

University/college preparation courses are designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills they need to meet the entrance requirements for specific programs offered at universities and colleges

(The Ontario Curriculum Grades 9 to 12 Program Planning and Assessment, page 12)

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Ministry Resources

• Social Sciences and Humanities Curriculum Policy Document Grade 11 and 12

• Program Planning and Assessment 2000

• Ontario Secondary Schools, Grade 9 -12: Program and Diploma Requirements, 1999

• http://www.edu.gov.on.ca

• http://www.curricululm.org

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Assessment and Evaluation

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ASSESSMENT

• Informs and motivates students

• Maximizes learning

• Maximizes student confidence

• Students, teachers and parents should be involved

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Key to Success

Use assessment to help the student believe that the target is within reach ……

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How do we motivate students?

How can we help our students want to learn?

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The Path to Greater Student Motivation and Achievement

• Student Involved Classroom Assessment

• Student Involved Record Keeping

• Student Involved Communication

(Rick Stiggins, Assessment Training Institute, 1998)

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Essential Question

What assessments might I do that will encourage, build

confidence and offer success ?

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Assessment and Evaluation

ASSESSEMENT A systematic process of collecting

information about a student’s achievement in relation to specified curriculum expectations.

EVALUATION The process of integrating assessment information from a variety of sources to determine how well students have achieved curriculum expectations.

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Principles of Assessment

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#1 Evaluation strategies should address both WHAT students learn and HOW WELL they learn

Achievement ChartAchievement Chart• How well students learn

• High standards for all students

• Promote consistency across the province

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#2 Assessment and evaluation strategies should be appropriate for the learning activities used, the purposes of instruction and the needs and experiences of students

Assessment should be:Assessment should be:

• closely tied to expectations

• closely tied to learning activities

• consider students’ prior learning and needs

• reflect student background

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#3 Assessment and evaluation strategies should be communicated clearly to students and parents at the beginning and throughout the course/year

Methods of Communicating include:Methods of Communicating include:

• expectations based on tasks and assignments

• teacher/parent/student conferences

• report cards

• Annual Education Plans

• Individual Education Plans

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#4 Assessment and evaluation should be fair to all students

Fairness can be achieved by:Fairness can be achieved by:

• providing choice within the assignment (i.e. topics)

• providing choice in the mode of response (i.e. oral report instead of written report)

• negotiating timelines

• making purpose and expectations of assignment clear to students

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#5 Assessment and evaluation strategies should be varied in nature, administered over a period of time and designed to provide opportunities for students to demonstrate the full range of their learnings

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Instructional Strategies

Panel discussions

Quizzes, tests, exams

Interviews

Written reports/essays

Oral reports

Observations

Think/pair/share

Graphic organizers

Spreadsheets/graphing

Debates

Portfolios

Multi-media presentations

Performance tasks

Case studies

Jigsaw

Questionnaires

Community Involvement

Food labs

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Assessment Strategies

Quizzes

Tests

Exams

Essays

Class discussion

Teacher/student

conference

Presentations

Demonstration

Research paper

Teacher observation

Performance task

Portfolio

Select response

Self assessment

Oral question and answer

Learning Log

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#6 Assessment and evaluation strategies must be based on the categories of the Achievement Chart

Achievement ChartAchievement Chart

• Categories of skills and knowledge

• Levels of achievement

• Provincial standards

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#7 Assessment and evaluation strategies should include samples of student work

Samples of Student WorkSamples of Student Work

• Exemplars

• Show student progress

• Portfolios

• Parent and student conferences

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Principle #8 Assessment and evaluation strategies should give clear directions for improvement

Directions for ImprovementDirections for Improvement

• Task specific rubrics

• Criterion Referenced Marking Schemes

• Task specific next steps

• Report Cards - strengths, weakness, next steps

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#9 Assessment and evaluation strategies must promote students’ ability to assess their own learning and to set specific goals

Self-Assessment and Goal SettingSelf-Assessment and Goal Setting

• Report Card/Response Form

• Annual Education Plan

• Journals

• Portfolios

• Teacher/Parent/Student Conferences

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#10 Assessment and evaluation strategies should accommodate the needs of exceptional students

Individual Education Plan (IEP)Individual Education Plan (IEP)

• Students identified by an Identification, Placement, and Review Committee (IPRC)

• Students receiving specialized programs but not identified by an IPRC

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#11 Assessment and evaluation strategies should accommodate the needs of students who are learning the language of instruction

AccommodationsAccommodations

• Additional time

• Oral tests

• Simplify tasks

• Specialized equipment

• Extra support

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Types of Assessment

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Diagnostic Assessment

• Assessment before starting instruction todetermine what students know and can do • Purpose is to identify student’s strengths and weaknesses

• Allows teacher to program appropriately

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Formative Assessment

• Ongoing assessment using a variety of strategies to inform students of their progress

• Encourage students to build on strengths and overcome weaknesses

• Help teachers assess current instructional and learning activities

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Summative Assessment

• A cumulative description of student achievement of curriculum expectations at the end of a unit or a specified time period

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Design Down Process

STAGE ONE • Identify target understandings

STAGE TWO• Determine appropriate assessment of target understandings

STAGE THREE• Plan learning experiences and instruction that make such understanding possible

(Wiggins, G. and J. McTighe, Understanding by Design, 1998)

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Design Down Process

STAGE ONE • Identify target understandings

STAGE TWO• Determine appropriate assessment of target understandings

STAGE THREE• Plan learning experiences and instruction that make such understanding possible

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Stage One Identify target understandings

Use course expectations to establish

curricular priorities according to:

• Enduring understandings

• What is important to know and do?

• What is worth being familiar with?

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Enduring Understandings

• Have lasting value

• Are at the heart of the discipline

• Require “uncoverage” (abstract or often misunderstood ideas)

• Are embedded in factual knowledge, skills and activities

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STAGE ONE • Identify target understandings

STAGE TWO• Determine appropriate assessment of target understandings

STAGE THREE• Plan learning experiences and instruction that make such understanding possible

Backward Design Process

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Stage Two Determine appropriate assessment strategies

for targeted understandings

• Diagnostic assessment

• Performance tasks and assessments

• Portfolios

• Self-evaluation

• Co-operative learning/group evaluation

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Diagnostic Assessment

• Assessment before beginning instruction to determine what students know and can do

• Identify student strengths and weaknesses

• Used by teacher in the design of program

• Especially important in practical courses like foods and clothing where practical skills need to be determined

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Performance Tasks and Assessments

• Open-ended, hands on activity

• Demonstrates specific skills and/or knowledge

• Focus on what students can do - how they apply and extend their knowledge

• Emphasize the process students use, rather than focusing only on the “right” answer

• Allow for a full range of products

• Use of complex thinking skills

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Performance Tasks (con’t)

• Often encourage team effort, collaboration, group discussion and brainstorming

• Directly related to expectations

• Summative

• Assessment criteria clear (rubric, criterion referenced marking scheme)

• Exemplars should be available

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Traits of a Strong Performance Task

• CONTENT - the task elicits the correct performance on part of the student

• CLARITY - students know exactly what to do• FEASIBILITY - the task is practical• FAIRNESS and ACCURACY - all students

have an equal chance to “shine”, gives an accurate picture of student skill

• SAMPLING - task covers all dimensions of learning expectations to be assessed

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What are portfolios?

“A portfolio is a systematic and purposeful collection of student work that displays the learner’s effort, growth, process, and achievement in demonstrating his/her skill, knowledge, and values.”

Peel District School Board (2001)

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Portfolios can:

• Engage students in the learning context

• Help students learn the skills of reflection and self-evaluation

• Provide documentation of student learning in areas that don’t lend themselves to traditional assessment

• Facilitate communication with parents

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Characteristics of Portfolios

• Collection of student work with a clear purpose known by all involved

• Students must reflect on each piece of work – Fosters critical thinking and decision making– Allows students to set future goals– Reflection is a skill, process needs to be taught

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Purpose of Portfolios

• To facilitate assessment of values and skills

• To develop lifelong learning skills

• To provide a basis for conferencing

• To facilitate individualized programming

• To promote accountability

(Peel District School Board, 2001)

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How do portfolios fit into Ministry policy?

Choices into Action: Guidance and Career Education Program Policy for Ontario Elementary and Secondary Schools encourages the development and maintenance of an academic and career portfolio for all students. (page 17)

The Ontario Curriculum Grades 9 to 12: Program Planning and Assessment states that assessment and evaluation strategies must “include the use of samples of students’ work that provide evidence of their achievement” (page 13)

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Why ?

How?

What?

(Rolheiser, Bower, Stevahn,The Portfolio Organizer, 2000)

Before implementing the use of portfolios in the classroom teachers must consider the following:

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Types of Portfolios

• Collection portfolio

• Growth portfolio

• Unit portfolio

• Skills portfolio

• Showcase portfolio• Comprehensive

portfolio• Exit/ Graduation

portfolio• Professional Career

portfolio

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The Portfolio Process

• The process involves both the teacher and the student

• Refer to the expectations and decide on the method of assessment

• The reflection process is a very important part of the process

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For more information

Rolheiser, Carol et. al. The Portfolio Organizer: Succeeding with Portfolio in Your Classroom. ASCD, 2000.

Danielson, C., L. Abrutyn. An Introduction to Using Portfolios in the Classroom. 1997.

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Self Assessment

• Process of gathering information and reflecting on one’s own learning

• Student’s own assessment of personal progress in knowledge, skills, process or attitudes

• Leads student to greater awareness and understanding of self

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Purpose of Self Assessment

• Assist student to take more responsibility and ownership of learning

• Enable student to make decisions about their own learning

• Use assessment as a mean of learning

• Focus on product and process

• Help student critique work

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Characteristics of Self Assessment

• Promotes metacognitive ability• Allows for reflection• Can include attitude surveys, self-conceptquestionnaires, interest inventories, personaljournals• Student addresses questions such as “How doI learn best,” “What are my areas of growth?”and “Where do I need to improve?”• Student’s beliefs = Teacher observations??

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Teacher’s Role in Self Assessment

• Guide all students on how to reflect onlearning• Provide time and opportunity for self-assessment• Design questions and self-assessment tools• Use self-assessment to determine change or growth in student’s attitude, understanding, achievement

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Design Down Process

STAGE ONE • Identify target understandings

STAGE T WO• Determine appropriate assessment of target understandings

STAGE THREE• Plan learning experiences and instruction that make such understanding possible

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Stage ThreePlan learning experiences and instruction that

make such understanding possible

• Use the Achievement Chart to create assessment tools that are appropriate for the learning experience• Ensure that students are aware of the expectations/criteria/due dates before the task begins• Involve students in the creation of assessment tools

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Final Evaluation

• Purpose of grading and reporting is to provide

an accurate description of how the student has

progressed in his/her achievement

• 70% term grade reflects the most consistent

level of achievement on summative evaluations

throughout the course

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Final Evaluation (con’t)

• 30% final grade reflects achievement derived from summative final evaluation

• Final evaluation may be written exam OR performance task OR a combination of both

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Multiple Intelligences

• Howard Gardner

• Frames of Mind:The Theory of Multiple

Intelligences, 1985

• defined intelligence in a new way

• students are intelligent in different ways

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Gardner identifies eight intelligences:

• Linguistic

• Logical-Mathematical

• Visual-Spatial

• Bodily Kinesthetic

• Musical-Rhythmic

• Interpersonal

• Intrapersonal

• Naturalist

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How are you intelligent?

Individually complete the Multiple Intelligences

Type Inventory to identify how you are intelligent?

Source: OAFE. Using Your Brain The Urban Use of Pesticides

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What do Multiple Intelligences look like in the classroom?

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Creating a Multiple Intelligences Learning Environment in Your Classroom

• Avoid isolated, meaningless tasks• Connect to expectations• Teach for understanding - problem solving• Performance tasks that draw on student talents• Written tests - variety of questions, all categories of the achievement chart• Group projects but ensure individual accountability• Lay foundation using a multi-sensory approach

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• Allow students some input into how they will demonstrate learning

• Teach to the assigned task - ensure students have necessary skill/knowledge

• Students maintain a “processfolio”

Creating a Multiple Intelligences Learning Environment in Your Classroom (con’t)

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Processfolio

• Students maintain a binder of all work leading to the end product• Purpose of the processfolio:

helps students see the relationship between process and end product useful for teacher to ensure that all workis each student’s own

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“Until Multiple Intelligence Theory impacts on assessment and evaluation practices, it will have minimal effect on improving

student learning” (Gini-Newman and Newman, 2001)

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Implications for Family Implications for Family Studies/Social Science Studies/Social Science

TeachersTeachers• Summative evaluations at the end of an unit

or course should provide for ALL students the opportunity to demonstrate their achievement of curriculum expectations

• Other ideas?

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For More Information

Ontario Agri-Food Education Inc. Using your Brain. The Urban Use of Pesticides.

Simcoe County District School Board Multiple Intelligence Homepage. http://www.scdsb.on.ca/mit/mi.htm#RSO

Education World - Multiple Intelligences: A Theory for Everyone. http://www.education-world.com/a_curr/curr054.shtml

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Critical Thinking Skills

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Group Activity

What skills do our students have difficulty with?

Think - Individually answer the above questionPair - Share your list with a partner Share - Join with another pair and share your newlist. In your group prioritize the list. Create your top 5list. Write each thought/idea on a card. As a group rearrange the cards and discuss your reasons for doing this. Keep re-arranging the cards until your group comes to consensus.

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Peel teachers came up with the following list of skills that students have difficulty with:

• Knowing and Applying Basic Skills:– Reading, writing, recognizing and comprehending

words– Developing planning and study skills

• Making Connections:– Relating to the material and making connections– Developing and expanding on ideas; building on

concepts and generalizing– Knowing what is important and asking thoughtful

questions

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• Developing Intra-personal Skills - Self evaluation - Taking risks

• Working Together:- Working effectively in groups, being supportive and working with others who are different

• Demonstrating Good Work Habits:- Working independently- Focusing and staying on task for extended periods of time- Listening and following instructions and expectations- Using class time effectively

(Peel District School Board, 2001)

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The above can be characterized as intelligent behaviour. Some students have these skills

and others are lacking. Teachers can help all students to become better thinkers. Art Costa

(1991 and 2000) concluded that intelligent behaviour can become a habit if students are given instruction and the chance to practice.

Source: Costa, Arthur L. & Bena Kallick Habits of Mind - A Developmental Series. ASCD. Alexandria, Virginia. 2000

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Characteristics of Good Thinking vs. Poor Thinking

Aspect The Good Thinker

The Poor Thinker

General Traits -problem solving, critical, reflective, rational

- ambiguous, impulsive, thinking won’t help

Goals -discover goals, revisions

-impulsive, no revision

Possibilities -possibilities, alternatives, analyzes

-limited alternatives, impulsive

Evidence - evidence, challenges

-ignores evidence, no challenge

(Peel District School Board, 2001)

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Critical Thinking Skills - What are they?

Analyze for Assumption Analyze for

Bias

Making Analogy Visualizing

Thinking Skills

(Gini-Newman, L. Peel District School Board, 2001)

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Graphic Organizers

Students are faced with learning and making sense of large amounts of new information everyday in school. In the short term they may retain some of the information but long term retention is generally less successful. Information that is presented and organized visually helps many students understand and retain the material.

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Graphic Organizers (con’t)

• require students to take information and reorganize it• students consolidate information in an alternative manner• good for visual learners• student becomes creator of new information rather than“copier of words”• teacher introduces organizers, goal is to have studentsuse them independently

(Newman, Garfield. Images of Society Teacher’s Resource, McGraw-Hill, 2001)

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Types of Organizers• Wide variety available• From simple to complex

- charts- mind map- webbing- venn diagrams- fish scale- PMI (plus, minus, interesting)- KWL (what we know, want to know, learned)- ranking ladder

Additional Information on Organizers can be found in“Beyond Menot: The Artful Science of Instructional Integration” by Barrie Bennet and Carol Rolheiser

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How to use graphic organizers?

• Use as an organizer prior to tasks such as research, writing, group work

• Select organizers that are appropriate to the needs or students and course type

• Can be used as an assessment tool

• Inspiration - computer software application that allows us to develop ideas and organize thinking http://www.inspiration.com

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Thinking Skills Resources

• OAFE. Issues - Complex Issues in Agriculture and Food Production, 1999.

• Marzano, R.J. et al. Dimension of Thinking: A Framework for Curriculum and Instructions, 1992.

• Bennett, B., C. Rolheiser. Beyond Monet: The Artful Science of Instructional Integration, 2001. (905)619-0376.

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Cooperative Learning

“Where the heart meets mind”

Is co-operative learning still relevant for the Family Studies classroom in the 21st

century?

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Consider this…

Research on how the brain thinks and the emergence of knowledge regarding intelligence, creativity, and learning styles all argue that social interaction is critical in the development of intelligent behaviour

(Barrie Bennet and Carol Rolheiser, Cooperative Learning: Where Heart Meets Mind, 1991)

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Points to Consider

• learning is socially constructed; we rarely learn in isolation

• everyone in the group must be accountable for the learning

• the importance of actively teaching social skills, communication skills, and critical thinking skills

• group must be aware of how it functions as a group

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Points to Consider (con’t)

• tasks must be appropriate for group work

• groups of 2, 3 and 4 encourage interaction

• carefully think about the makeup of the group, how will it be formed?

• cooperative learning is not a solution to all your student’s needs

• group work done badly can be a very ineffective teaching strategy

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Social Science Research

Research and Inquiry Skills StrandResearch and Inquiry Skills Strand

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Social Science Research Skills

• “social science research skills are introduced in the unit where they are first applied, and they are repeated and developed throughout the course”• they are embedded in ALL units of the courses• grade 12 students may have had little prior instruction in these skills

- diagnostic assessment needed to determine where students are

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Research and Inquiry Skills Expectations

• the process of social science research

• primary data collection/various methods

• secondary data collection

• using information technology to gather data

• developing research questions/hypothesis

• note taking skills

• evidence versus opinion

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Research and Inquiry Skills Expectations

• evaluating sources for bias, accuracy, validity,

authority, and relevance

• documenting sources/citations

• communicating results of inquiries using a

variety of methods - graphs, charts, diagrams,

oral reports, written reports, reaction papers,

essay

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Formative Assessment & Social Science Research

Skills

• Conferencing (formal and informal)• Criterion referenced checklists• Checkpoints to be met throughout the

process• Anecdotal comments • Portfolios

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Summative Assessment & Social Science Research

SkillsIncorporate social science research skillsinto the summative assessments/performanceof the course

• Activities throughout the unit/course• Culminating activities at the end of each unit• Culminating activity for the course

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Social Science Research - An Instructional Tool

• Provide several opportunities to participate in social

science research throughout the course

• May or may not need to write a formal report -

depends on the designation/expectations of the course

• Social science skills should be incorporated into your

lessons throughout the course

• May include them in any strand or unit of study

• May use various strategies to meet the overall and

specific expectations for the course.

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Integrating Technology

Opportunities for integrating technology

are embedded throughout all Family Studies/

Social Science courses

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Conclusion

• Questions

• Concerns

• Concluding Discussion


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