Smart Combinations of organic and inorganic Pigments
-from colour to function
Langelsheim / November 2012Dr. Thomas Sowade, Heubach GmbH
slide 2 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Agenda
Comparison organic / inorganic Pigments
Brilliance / Chroma
Oil Absorption / Pigmentation Level / Hiding Power
Weathering stability
Tinting strength
Chemical Resistance
Smart Combinations
Chroma Enhancement
Cost efficient formulations
Increased weathering stability
From Colour to Function
slide 3 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Comparisoninorganic / organic Pigments
slide 4 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Brilliance / Chroma
Colour Space Organic / Inorganic Pigments
TiO2
MLY108304
MLY113901 MLY115101MLY115401
MLR311205
MLR325402
Vanadur 1010
HD 150 plusHD 3R
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
25,0 45,0 65,0 85,0 105,0
hue
Chr
oma
Organic pigments have a higher Chroma compared to inorganic Pigments
slide 5 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Oil Absorption / Pigmentation Level / Hiding Power
Product Colour
Index
Oil Absorption
[ml/100g]
Pigmentation Level*
(Pigment Paste) [%]
TiO2 P.W. 6 18 73
HEUCODUR 150plus P.Y. 53 16 67
HEUCODUR 3R P.Br. 24 20 70
Monolite Yellow 113901 P.Y. 139 52 n.d.
Monolite Yellow 115101 P.Y. 151 52 n.d.
Monolite Yellow 115401 P.Y. 154 55 32
Monolite Red 311205 P.R. 112 51 45
VANADUR 1010 P.Y. 184 24 65
Monolite Yellow 108304 P.Y. 83 58 39
Monolite Red 325402 P.R. 254 59 35
* Based
on C.I.
Inorganic pigments have a lower oil absorption and therefore can be used in higher concentrations (e.g. to achieve hiding power)
slide 6 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Weathering Stability
Florida weathering results HEUCODUR 3R
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6 months 12 months 18 months 24 months
full shade
1:1 reduction
1:5 reduction
DE
slide 7 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Weathering Stability
MONOLITE Yellow 113901 vs. Competition - Full shade
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
1 year 2 years
DE
MONOLITE Yellow 113901
Competition 1
Competition 2
MONOLITE Yellow 113901 vs. Competition - 1/25 SD
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
1 year 2 years
DE
MONOLITE Yellow 113901
Competition 1
Competition 2
Inorganic pigments have a very good weathering resistance
slide 8 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Tinting strength
Pigment Ratio to achieve appr. 1/25 SD
PY 53HEUCODUR 150plus
1: 1,3 TiO2
PY 151Monolite Yellow 115101
1: 29,5 TiO2
Organic pigments have a superior tinting strength
slide 9 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Chemical Resistance
Product Colour
Index
Alkaline
Resistance
Acid
Resistance
Solvent
Resistance
TiO2 P.W. 6 n.d. n.d.
5
5
4*
5
5
Monolite Yellow 115101 P.Y. 151 5* 5 5
Monolite Yellow 115401 P.Y. 154 5 5 4-5
5
5
n.d.
HEUCODUR 150plus P.Y. 53 5 5
HEUCODUR 3R P.Br. 24 5 5
Monolite Yellow 113901 P.Y. 139 4 5
Monolite Red 311205 P.R. 112 4 3
VANADUR 1010 P.Y. 184 5 5
Monolite Yellow 108304 P.Y. 83 5 4-5
Monolite Red 325402 P.R. 254 5 5
Inorganic Pigments have a superior chemical resistance. Some of them can
even be used in alkaline media like concrete
slide 10 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Smart Combinationsinorganic / organic Pigments
slide 11 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Chroma Enhancement
HEUCODUR® Yellow 3R / Pigment Red 112
TiO2 / Pigment Red 254
TiO2 / Pigment Red 112
HEUCODUR® Yellow 3R / Pigment Red 254
slide 12 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Chroma Enhancement
Chroma Enhancement with HEUCODUR 3R
HEUCODUR 3R / PR 254
TiO2 / PR 254
HEUCODUR 3R / PR 112
TiO2 / PR 112
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
hue
Chr
oma
Combining organic Pigments with HEUCODUR 3R instead of TiO2 results
in a significantly improved Chroma
slide 13 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Chroma Enhancement
HEUCODUR® Plus Yellow 150 / Pigment Yellow 74 TiO2 / Pigment Yellow 74
HEUCODUR® Plus Yellow 150 / Pigment Yellow 83 TiO2 / Pigment Yellow 83
HEUCODUR® Plus Yellow 150 / Pigment Orange 36 TiO2 / Pigment Orange 36
slide 14 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Chroma Enhancement
Chroma Enhancement with HEUCODUR 3R
HEUCODUR 150plus / PO 36
TiO2 / PO 36
HEUCODUR 150plus / PY 83
TiO2 / PY 83
HEUCODUR 150plus / PY 74
TiO2 / PY 74
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 20 40 60 80 100
hue
Chro
ma
Combining organic Pigments with HEUCODUR 150plus instead of TiO2 results
in a significantly improved Chroma
slide 15 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Cost efficient Formulations – RAL shade examples
RAL 1003
TiO2 - 26,8
PY 83 6,4 10,40
PY 53 78,2 -
PO 62 0,5 -
PY 151 10,7 54,70
PBr 24 1,9 -
PY 42 2,3 8,10
Cost 0,55 1
RAL 1007
TiO2 - 6,8
PY 83 29,3 40
PY 53 60 -
PO 62 - -
PY 151 - 51,7
PBr 24 8,6 -
PY 42 2,1 1,5
Cost 0,47 1
Cost efficient formulations using inorganic coloured pigments PY 53 and
PBr24 and reducing the amount of organic pigment
RAL 3013
TiO2 5,8 16,7
PY 83 7,9 33,4
PY 53 16,1 -
PR 254 22,3 26,9
PBr 24 30,6 -
PR 101 17,3 23
Cost 0,71 1
slide 16 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Increased weathering Stability
after 2000 h Xenon test
DE
4P P.Y. 531P P.Y.138
9P TiO21P P.Y. 138
Bismuthvanadate
3P TiO21P P.Y. 138
0
1
2
3
4
5
accelerated weathering in a water borne acrylic resin
Improved weathering stability over TiO2 containing formulations
slide 17 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
From Colour to Function
slide 18 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
0 m N.N. (sea level) wavelength [nm]
Rel
. In
tensi
ty
UVUV NIR-radiationNIR-radiation
Solar emission spectrum of the sun
From Colour to Function – Solar Emission Spectrum
slide 19 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Radiation
Absorption
(Reflection)
Interaction of (pigmented) surfaces with Sun-Radiation
From Colour to Function – Interaction of Pigments
Scattering
Transmission
diffuse Reflection
slide 20 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
0,00
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
400 650 900 1150 1400 1650 1900 2150 2400
wavelength [nm]
rel.
ref
lect
ion
White substrate: 79% Reflection
Black substrate: 5% Reflection
From Colour to Function – Reflectance
Reflectance of different substrates
White substrate reflects while black substrate (Carbon Black) absorbs
slide 21 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
From Colour to Function – Reflectance of Organic Pigments
Reflectance of organic Pigment (e.g. PO 73)
0,00
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
400 650 900 1150 1400 1650 1900 2150 2400
wavelength [nm]
rel.
ref
lect
ion
PO 73, visually hiding, on white substrate: 55% Reflection
PO 73, visually hiding, on black substrate: 44% Reflection
organic Pigments, although hiding in visible, are (semi)-transparent for NIR-
Radiation
slide 22 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
From Colour to Function – Reflectance of Inorganic Pigments
Reflectance of Inorganic Pigment PBr 24 and Organic Pigment PO 73
0,00
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
400 650 900 1150 1400 1650 1900 2150 2400
wavelength [nm]
rel.
ref
lect
ion
PBr 24 & PO 73, visually hiding, on white substrate: 52% Reflection
PBr24 & PO 73, visually hiding, on black substrate: 49% Reflection
Significantly less difference on white an black substrate when mixing PO 73 with inorganic PBr 24Organic Pigment PO 73 is much less reflecting than inorganic PBr 24
slide 23 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
From Colour to function
Reflectance of Inorganic and Organic Pigments
0,00
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
400 650 900 1150 1400 1650 1900 2150 2400
wavelength [nm]
rel.
ref
lect
ion
TiO2
Carbon black
HEUCODUR 150plus & PG 36
HEUCODUR 150plus
green organic pigment PG 36 can be combined with inorganic PY 53 to reflectNIR-Radiation
slide 24 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,0025
0
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
0 m N.N. (sea level) wavelength [nm]
Rel
. In
tensi
ty
UVUV NIR-radiationNIR-radiation
~50% of total energy in NIR (near infrared radiation)
Solar emission spectrum of the sun
From Colour to function
slide 25 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
(NIR)-Radiation
Absorption
Emission(Radiation und convection)
Heat flux
Absorption of (NIR)-Radiation
From Colour to function
slide 26 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
TSR – Spectra of different Pigments (20% Pigmentation in Alkyd/Melamine)
Pigment Characteristic: Total Solar Reflectance
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
300 800 1300 1800 2300
Wavelength [nm]
Ref
lect
ance
[%]
Titaniumdioxide; TSR 85%
Chromium Iron Oxide P.Br. 29 (1); TSR 21%
Chrome Iron Nickel Black Spinel P.Bk.30;TSR 9%
Carbon Black; TSR 5%
From Colour to function
slide 27 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
heat build-up of different pigments until equilibrium stage(20% Pigmentation in Alkyd/Melamine) according to ASTM D4803
max. max. ΔΔTT20 20 °°CC
Paint characteristic: heat build-up
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
45,0
50,0
55,0
60,0
65,0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Irradiation time [min]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Titaniumdioxide; max 43°C
P.Br. 29 (1); max 49°C
P.Bk. 30; max 55 °C
Carbon Black; max 63°C
From Colour to function
slide 28 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
ecological contribution of NIR-reflecting Pigments
Interior Heat management by reduced heat flux
(reduced energy consumption for cooling)
Increased lifetime by reduced thermal binder degradation
(Arrhenius-Equation )
(exponential increase of degradation rate in relation to temperature)
Increased lifetime by reduced thermomechanical stress
From Colour to function
slide 29 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Coil Coating
Wood Coating
Automotive Refinish
Composite Thermal Insulation
Leather
etc…
From Colour to function
slide 30 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Applications-
Coil Coating
slide 31 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Aim: Heat Management – Cool Roofs - Guidelines
USA
Energy StarCRRC (Cool Roof Rating Council) / CRRC-1 Standard
LEED (Leadership in Environmental & Energy Design)
USA / Kanada
Green Globes
Singapur
Singapore Environment Council (Green Label)
Europa
Cool Roofs Europe
From Colour to function
slide 32 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Carbon BlackTSR 5%
Carbon BlackTSR 5%
Carbon BlackTSR 5%
Carbon BlackTSR 5%
PBk 30TSR 10%PBk 30
TSR 10%
Increasing Surface temperature
PBr 29TSR 22%PBr 29
TSR 22%
IR-reflecting PigmentsIR-reflecting Pigments
Effect of NIR-reflecting pigments visualized by infrared camera
From Colour to function
slide 33 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Potential for energy savings
depending onClimatic conditions
Isolation
Colour (TSR before / after)
Cooling/heating energy sources
etc.
reported in literature2 – 40 % (average 20 %)Haberl, J., and S. Cho. 2004. Literature Review of Uncertainty of Analysis Methods (Cool Roofs), Report to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Energy Systems Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
10 – 69% (Verview on Literatur in “Reducing Urban Heat Islands: Compendium of Strategies-Cool Roofs”))
7 – 15 % (average indication in CRRC / USA)5 – 54 % (Cool Roofs Europe; Case studies in Crete, Athens, Sicily, Poitiers and London) (Michele Zinzi, Carlo Romeo, Cool Roofs, EIE/07/475/SI2.499428; Report on the five case studies and analysis of the results, 2010)
From Colour to function
slide 34 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Applications-
Automotive Refinish
slide 35 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Dark greyDark grey Light greyLight grey
commercialnon-NIR
commercialnon-NIR
NIRNIR commercialnon-NIR
commercialnon-NIR
NIRNIR
Dry film thickness = 40-50 µmDry film thickness = 40-50 µm
From Colour to function
slide 36 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
45,0
50,0
55,0
60,0
65,0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
time of exposure [min.]
tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
non-NIR primer dark grey
non-NIR primer light grey
NIR primer dark grey
NIR primer light grey
primer white
Heat build-up of different automotive primers based on NIR-reflective and
non-reflective Pigments
From Colour to function
slide 37 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
metalmetal
Wash primerWash primer
PrimerPrimer
BasecoatBasecoat
ClearcoatClearcoat
Primer Red basecoat Blue basecoat
white
non-NIR light grey
non-NIR dark grey
NIR light grey
NIR dark grey
TSR [%] 35 20 30 12 10 18 15
max Temperature [°C] 50.0 56.6 51.3 59.6 61.6 52.3 52.8
From Colour to function
slide 38 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
In Multi-Layer-Systems the efficiency of the total system
may depend upon the efficiency of each single layer (a
possible NIR-transparency of single layers needs to be
considered)
By choosing a suitable Multi-Layer-System it becomes
possible to create surfaces with high brilliance combined
with high NIR-reflectance (smart combinations: organic,
NIR-(semi)transparent Pigments in topcoat; NIR-reflecting
Pigments in Primer)
From Colour to function
slide 39 / 39Langelsheim / November 2012
Thank You
for your
Attention !!!