Shrikant R MaratheShrikant R. MaratheDirector
The Automotive Research Association of India, Pune, India
2nd AAI Summit , Motorcycle Safety SessionDenpasar, Bali, Indonesia
25th November 201325th November 2013
PresentationbyNeelkanth V MaratheNeelkanthV.Marathe
Outline
ARAI ABriefIntroduction
ProfileofIndianTwoWheelerIndustry
TwoWheelerAccidents SomeObservations
T Wh l S f t NTwoWheeler SafetyNorms
Present
Future
Present
Summary
Outline
ARAI ABriefIntroduction
ProfileofIndianTwoWheelerIndustry
TwoWheelerAccidents SomeObservations
T Wh l S f t NTwoWheeler SafetyNorms
Present
Future
Present
Summary
ARAIOverview
Establishment : 1966Location : Pune, INDIA (150 km from Mumbai) Manpower : 575+ Facilities : 12 Laboratories Vehicle Evaluation, Powertrain, Emissions, Facilities : 12 Laboratories Vehicle Evaluation, Powertrain, Emissions,
Safety & Homologation, Passive Safety, Materials, Automotive Electronics, NVH, CAE, Structural Dynamics, Calibration, Post Graduate Academy & Forging Industry Divisiony g g y
Our Offices : China, Korea and ChennaiInvestments : USD $ 60 Million Accreditations ISO 9001 14001 OHSAS 18001 & NABL (ISO 17025)Accreditations : ISO 9001, 14001, OHSAS 18001 & NABL (ISO 17025)
ARAIRoles
Ministry approved test agency to carry out certification testingtesting.
Engaged in sponsored R&D work and development testingtesting.
ARAI is actively engaged inP ti & H i ti f t d d Preparation & Harmonization of standards.
Secretariat for AISC and CMVR-TSC. Deliberation of policy matters affecting Auto R&D. Creation of facilities and building up competence
by undertaking forward looking research &technology demonstration projects.
Outline
ARAI ABriefIntroduction
ProfileofIndianTwoWheelerIndustry
TwoWheelerAccidents SomeObservations
T Wh l S f t NTwoWheeler SafetyNorms
Present
Future
Present
Summary
ProfileofIndianTwoWheelerIndustry
2nd largestintheworldl h 90%arelessthan125cc.
Maximumoperatingspeedrangefrom5070km/h.duetotrafficconditions
DesignedtobeFuelefficientandLowemissiongcompliant.
Two wheeler market in India is highly priceTwowheelermarketinIndiaishighlypricesensitive.
In the existing scenario Indian vehicles are Intheexistingscenario,IndianvehiclesaremeetingthecurrentECErequirements
ProfileofIndianTwoWheelerIndustry
2nd largest2Wmanufacturerintheworld
20%2Wvehiclesuselessthan125ccengine
Maximum operating speed range from 50 to 70 kmphMaximumoperatingspeedrangefrom50to70kmphduetoinherenttrafficconditions
Designedtobefuelefficientandlowemissioncompliant
2WmarketinIndiaishighlypricesensitive
I th t i I di 2W hi l ti Inthecurrentscenario,Indian2WvehiclesaremeetingECErequirements
Automotive2wheelerindustryClustersinIndia
D lhi G N id
HeroMotorCorporationHondaMotorcyclesand
ScootersLtd.,L hi M hi Ltd
North / Central- Delhi-Gurgaon-Faridabad
Delhi-Gurgaon-Noida-Ghaziabad
Ludhiana Haridwar
LohiaMachinesLtd.,SuzukiMotorcyclesLtd.,YamahaMotorIndiaBMWMotorcyclesIndiaTriumph India
Kolkata
Jamshedpur
Rajkot-Halol
Pitampur TriumphIndia
BajajAutoLtd.,Mahindra&MahindraLtd.,
West- Mumbai-Pune-Nasik-Aurangabad
Mumbai-Pune-NasikAurangabad Hyderabad
DSK HyosungLtd.,PiaggioVehicles(Vespa)
South- Chennai - Bangalore-Hosur
Chennai Bangalore HosurRoyal Enfield Motors Ltd.,TVS Motors Ltd.,
g
GrowthdriversfortheIndianAutomotiveIndustry
GovernmentOveralleconomic
Policies growth
Contemporaryproducts
GrowthinIncomelevelsNew
d t Indian AutomotiveIncreasing
Shorterlifecycle Easier
financing
productlaunches
IndianAutomotiveIndustry
consumerdemand
ExportCompetitiveness
d d CostCompetitiveness
Reducedcosttoconsumer
Indiaemergingasaf t i h bmanufacturinghub
AttractivenessoftheIndianAutomotiveindustry
Large and growing domestic demand Demand growth expected to be
around
Export Potential Increased outsourcing has
led to a large potential toaround 10 % CAGR making India one of the fastest growing markets
led to a large potential to export components and vehicles to other markets
Proven product Development capabilities
Capabilities to develop complete vehicles and systems
High quality standards 12 Indian component Indian Autovehicles and systems
Several global auto companies have R&D centres in India
Companies can leverage Indias
pmanufacturers have won the Deming Prize for quality
Most leading component manufacturers are QS and
IndianAutoIndustry
p gacknowledged leadership in the IT industry
Stable economic policies Competitive manufacturing t
ISO certified
p Continuity in reforms and policies India targets to emerge as the manufacturing hubfor small cars
costImplementation of VAT, has positioned India as one of the leading low cost
f t imanufacturing sources
2WheelerMarketinIndia
Domestic volume growth has been strong over the past five yearsDomesticvolumegrowthhasbeenstrongoverthepastfiveyearsgrowingatabout11%CAGR
Outline
ARAI ABriefIntroduction
ProfileofIndianTwoWheelerIndustry
TwoWheelerAccidents SomeObservations
T Wh l S f t NTwoWheeler SafetyNorms
Present
Future
Present
Summary
MotorCycleAccidentsintheworld Concerns
Threemajorcausesofhumancasualtiesin2020asforecastedwouldbeo Heart diseaseo Major depressiono Road traffic accidents**
C tl 1 illi l di i d id t B 2020 thi fi ill i t 2 Currently over 1 million people die in road accidents. By 2020 this figure will rise to 2million. 75% of victims are pedestrians and two wheeler users.
85% of accidents happening worldwide occur in developing countries.pp g p g
Three fourths of registered vehicles in India are motorized twowheelers.
Two wheeler riders and pillion were the second leading road user category for bothdeaths (38%) and injuries (51%).
Three fourths (87%) were amongst men.
Brain and limb injuries were more frequent in this group.
More than half (both fatal and non fatal injuries) had not worn helmets.
**According to an independent study by WHO
2WheelerAccidents FatalInjuries Analysis
Nearly three fourths of fatal and 82% of the non fatal two wheeler injuriesoccur in the age group of 16 45 years with majority of them in 20 30 years.
Three fourths (87%) of both fatal and nonfatal injuries in two wheeler ridersoccur among men.
Women in < 15 yrs. and > 40 yrs. are involved in road crashes
More than half the deaths among two wheeler riders and pillions occur
2WheelerCollisionPattern
Morethanhalfthedeathsamongtwo wheelerridersandpillionsoccurduetocollisionwithtrucks(32%)andbuses(23%).
Injuries are severe in these crashes and hence, deaths are higher.Injuriesaresevereinthesecrashesandhence,deathsarehigher.
Othertwowheeler(28%)andcars(8%)collidewiththevehicleofinjuredpersoninonefourthofcrashes.
Rearendcollisions(40%)(withmajorityofroadsbecomingoneways),sideanglecollisions(15%),headoncollisions(13%)andskidandfall(12%)wereth lli i ttthecommoncollisionpatterns.
Outline
ARAI ABriefIntroduction
ProfileofIndianTwoWheelerIndustry
TwoWheelerAccidents SomeObservations
T Wh l S f t NTwoWheeler SafetyNorms
Present
Future
Present
Summary
TrendsinAutoregulations SafetyandEnvironmentrelated..
Approach Regulation Road Map Targets pp Harmonization with ECE
standards More Homologation and
Industry challenges to development
Better vehicles: safer and
2009200820062004 200 72005 2013
gCertification testing agencies and centres
more environment friendly
200820062004 20072005
Status of Indian Regulations Number ofIndian automotive regulations are technically aligned to the ECE regulations. The table on the right
StatusofIndianRegulations NumberofRegulations
Technically aligned 101P ti l l l li t 11shows the level of technical
alignment of the Indian regulations with the ECE regulations
Partial level alignment 11Items/Regulationstobecovered
19
T t l 3Total 131
Outline
ARAI ABriefIntroduction
ProfileofIndianTwoWheelerIndustry
TwoWheelerAccidents SomeObservations
T Wh l S f t NTwoWheeler SafetyNorms
Present
Future
Present
Summary
Safety norms at present - Vehicle level
Anautomobilehasmoreweightandbulkthanamotorcycle. Ithasdoorbeamsandarooftoprovidesomemeasureofprotectionfrom
impact or rollover It has cushioning and airbags to soften impact and safetyimpactorrollover.Ithascushioningandairbagstosoftenimpactandsafetybeltstoholdpassengersintheirseats.
Ithaswindshieldwashersandwiperstoassistvisibilityintherainandsnow.A bil h bili b i ' f h l d bAnautomobilehasmorestabilitybecauseit'sonfourwheels,andbecauseofitssize,itiseasiertosee.
Amotorcyclesuffersincomparisonwhenconsideringvehiclecharacteristicsthatdirectlycontributetooccupantsafety.Wh l ifi i i h b lk d h Whatamotorcyclesacrificesinweight,bulk,andothercrashworthinesscharacteristicsissomewhatoffsetbyitsagility,manoeuvrability ability to stop quickly and ability to swervemanoeuvrability,abilitytostopquickly,andabilitytoswervequicklywhennecessary.
Safety norms at present - Vehicle level
Axlereactions
STANDARD IS:118251986
Motorcycles are weighed withoutMotorcyclesareweighedwithoutanyhumaninterventiontophysicallysupportthevehicleonweightmeasurementpads.
Measurements are made with a Measurementsaremadewithaaccuracyof1%ofmeasuredvalue.
Speedometercalibration
STANDARD IS11827 2008
Motorcyclesequippedwithadigitaloranaloguespeedometer
lib t d (V) t d ( ) farecalibrated(V)atspeeds(v)of40kmph,80kmphand80%ofmaximum designed speed.maximumdesignedspeed.
Errormeasuredshouldbewithin0 1 V 8 k h0.1V+8kmph
TestprocedurearealignedwithUNR39
Gradeability Performance
STANDARD AIS003,IS:139882002
Statutorylimitforgradeabilityis7degreesintheforwarddrivingdirection.
Thevehicleischeckedforitsstopstart performance.startperformance.
PassbyNoiseLevel
STANDARD IS:30281998
Noise produced by the motorcycleNoiseproducedbythemotorcycleismeasuredduringaccelerationwithaapproachspeedinrelevantgearsattwothirdofenginerpmproducingmaximumpowerinastretch of 20mstretchof20m.
The Noise level should not exceedTheNoiselevelshouldnotexceed80dB(A)
TestprocedureandnoiselimitsalignedwithUNR41
FoundationBrakeTest
STANDARD IS:146642010
Twowheelersaretestedfortheirstoppingdistanceanddecelerationperformancesin both laden and lightly loadedinbothladenandlightlyloadedconditionsathighspeeds,withwetandhotbrakesforbothfrontandrearbrakesindividually.
d l d h TestprocedureisalignedwithUNR78
ABSTest
STANDARD IS:146642010
ABSON SpeedStops on high friction surface 60 Km/h
Surface PeakBrakingCoefficientStopsonhighfrictionsurface 60Km/h
Stopsonlowfrictionsurface 60Km/hWheelLockcheckonhighandLowfriction 80Km/hWheelLockcheckHightolowfrictionsurfacetransit 50Km/h
LowFriction 0.9
WheelLockcheckLowtoHighfrictionsurfacetransit 50Km/hABSOFF
StopswithanABSElectricalFailure 60Km/h
TestprocedureisalignedwithUNR78
TellTalesandControls
STANDARD AIS071PART1&2
Alltelltales,indicatorsontheinstrumentpanelarecheckedforillumination,colourandproperfunctioning.
The symbols on the tell tales, controls andThesymbolsonthetelltales,controlsandindicatorsareverifiedasmentionedinthestandard.
Functioningofallthecontrolsarealsoverified
Req irements ha e been aligned ith UN R60 RequirementshavebeenalignedwithUNR60
RearProtectionDevice
STANDARD CMVR#123
AllMotorcyclesshouldbeequippedwithrearprotectiondevicecoveringh lf th h lhalfthewheel.
It should prevent the intervention ofItshouldpreventtheinterventionoflooseclothesofpillionriderintothewheel.
ElectromagneticInterference
STANDARD AIS004PART1
Requirements have been aligned with UN R10 RequirementshavebeenalignedwithUNR10
PillionHandHoldTest
STANDARD IS:14495 Strengthrequirementsofpillionstrapsandhandholdsarechecked.
Thestrapsanditsattachmentshallwithstandaverticaltractionforceof200kgappliedstaticallytothecenterofthesurfaceatamaximumpressuref 2 i h iof2MPa,withoutsnapping.
Thetwohandgripsshouldbemountedoneoneachsidesymmetricalmannerwhichshallwithstandaverticaltractionforce of 100 kg applied statically to theforceof100kgappliedstaticallytothecenterofthesurfaceatamaximumpressureof1MPa,withoutsnapping.p , pp g
Horninstallation
STANDARD AIS014:2001 Soundpressurelevelemittedbythedevice(s)fittedonthevehicleshallbemeasuredatadistanceof7minfrontofthevehicle.Themaximumsound pressure level shall be soughtsoundpressurelevelshallbesoughtwithintherangeof0.5and1.5mabove the ground.abovetheground.
MaximumSoundPressureLevelmeasured on 2 Wheelers of a powermeasuredon2Wheelersofapowerlessthan7kWisbetween83dB(A)to112dB(A)
TestprocedureisalignedwithUNR28
Installationrequirementsofrearviewmirror
STANDARD AIS002 Installation requirements cover, Generalrequirements Position requirementsrequirements , Position requirements ,Adjustment requirements, Field of visions.
For 2 wheelers above 70cc shall have For 2 wheelers above 70cc shall have2 mirror on LH and RH side and for2 wheelers below 70 cc shall have oneee e s be o 0 cc s a a e o emirror on one side.
When vehicle is tested at about 80% ofWhen vehicle is tested at about 80% ofmax speed on test track for 10 min , themirror shall not show move significantly tochange the field of view.
Test procedure is aligned with UN R46
Safetycriticalcomponentsfortwowheelers
Lighting &
Signaling Tyres
Wheel rim
Brake Fluid
Signaling devices
Rear B k eaView Mirror
Brake Hoses
Metallic F l
Plastic Fuel Tank
Horn Fuel Tank
Tank
AutomotiveHorn(AudibleWarningDevice)
STANDARD IS1884:1993 Thesetestsarebasicallyrequiredtocheck,FunctionalPerformance,Reliability,Quality,etc.
In an open space of radius 12m in which Inanopenspaceofradius12minwhichtherearenoobstaclesinbetween,withbackground noise at least 10 dB belowbackgroundnoiseatleast10dBbelowthatproducedbyhornsundertest,andthehorntobemounted1.2mabovegroundanddirectedhorizontallytomicrophoneofsoundlevelmeteratadistance of 2m from front of the horndistanceof2mfromfrontofthehorn
TestprocedureisalignedwithUNR28Test procedure is aligned with UN R 8
Rearviewmirror
STANDARD AIS001 Rearviewmirrorsarecheckedfor
Performancerequirements,MechanicalBehaviour,EnvironmentalPerformancetest
Performancerequirements Radiusofcurvatureanddimensions. Reflectivity Reflectivity Distortionfactor Mechanicalbehavior Impact test Impacttest Bendingtest Vibrationtest
E i t l f t t Environmentalperformancetest TemperatureresistanceMoistureresistancetest SaltspraytestWeatherresistancetest TestprocedureisalignedwithUNR46
Lightingandlight signalling devices
STANDARD AIS:010
TestprocedureisalignedwithUNR74p g
Hydraulicbrakehoses
STANDARD IS : 7079 1995Testsconducted
ConstrictionTest Expansion test Expansiontest Pressuretest Burstingstrengthtest
Whip, Burst & expansion T t i
g g WhipTest TensileTest
Test rig SaltSpraytest Coldbendtest Ozone resistance test Ozoneresistancetest HotImpulsetest BrakeFluidcompatibilityTestp y
Fueltank(MetallicandPlastic)
STANDARD IS14681 METALLICFUELTANKTestconductedLeakageTest Ordinaryposition/upsideposition 50gms/min.
PressureTestShouldwithstandpressureof130kPaabsolutewithoutleakage.Testprocedureisalignedwith70/221/EECPLASTICFUELTANKTestsconductedCorrosiontestOverturntestFuelpermeabilitytestMechanical Strength TestMechanicalStrengthTestImpactresistancetestFireresistancetestResistancetoHightemperatureTestprocedureisalignedwithUNR34
Tyre test
STANDARD IS15627
TestsconductedDynamicgrowthtestE d TEnduranceTest
Load/SpeedPerformanceTestTyre Strength Test
Plungertest
TyreStrengthTestBeadUnseatingResistanceTestDynamicgrowthtest
TestprocedureisalignedwithUNR75
Endurance testEndurancetest
Wheelrimtest
STANDARD AIS073PART1,2&3
Following tests are conducted on wheel rims (Light Alloy Wheel Rims, Sheet MetalWheel Rims, Spoke Wheel Rims
TorsionMomentTestSystem RadialImpactResistanceTest Deflectiontest Airleaktest
Torsion testC i t tImpact test TorsiontestCorneringtestImpacttest
SPRAYSUPPRESSIONTEST
STANDARD AIS103
Thisstandardsisapplicabletobikeswithenginedisplacementvolume
th 200morethan200cc.
Requirement:Requirement:
Widthnotlessthanthetyreoverallwidth,upto45degreesofwheelcoverageangleandwidthshallbelessth h lf f th t ll idth tthanhalfofthetyreoverallwidthat60degreesofwheelcoverageangle.
Twowheelerelectricvehicles
Standard BriefRequirements
AIS038(ECER 100 ) Construction & Functional Safety ( ) yBattery mounting, ventilation, creepagedistance, insulation resistance,protection against electric shock, onboard charger, water effects testsg ,(washing, flooding, heavy rainstorm)
AIS039(ECER101) Measurement of electrical energyconsumption
AIS040(ECER101) Measurement of electrical range
AIS041(ECER101) Measurement of net power, max. 30min powermin power
AIS048(USABCEVBatteryTestProceduresManual)
Safety Requirements for TractionBatteries Electrical & MechanicalAbuse Tests
AIS049 Type Approval of Electric Vehicles Brake performance, grade ability, passby noise level, EMI, wiper, lightingsystem, safety belt, steering column,dashboard etc.
Emissiontest
STANDARD AsperRule115ofCentralMotorVehicleRules
Outline
ARAI ABriefIntroduction
ProfileofIndianTwoWheelerIndustry
TwoWheelerAccidents SomeObservations
T Wh l S f t NTwoWheeler SafetyNorms
Present
Future
Present
Summary
DaytimeRunningLamp(DRL)
Daytimerunninglamp"meansalampfacinginaforwarddirectionusedtomakethevehiclemoreeasilyvisiblewhendrivingduringdaytimeDRL reduce daytime accidents by making vehicles more conspicuous to other roadDRL reducedaytimeaccidentsbymakingvehiclesmoreconspicuoustootherroadusers DRLsprovidenotonlyimprovedvisibility(detection)butalsoimprovedreactiontimesandestimationofspeedanddistancepInadditiontoincreasingthedistanceatwhichvehiclescouldbereliablydetected,DRLsmakevehiclesappearcloser.Thismakesdriversmorelikelytorejectshortgapsforapotentiallyhazardousmanoeuvre.p y
46
HIDheadlampsonmotorcycles
Givesthesameilluminationforasmallerelectricalsupply
Colour temperature is similar to day lightColourtemperatureissimilartodaylightIncreaseseffectivenighttimevision,foraconstantgeneratoroutput
This provides a great potential for developing newThisprovidesagreatpotentialfordevelopingnewlightingsystemswithgreaterandmorereliableperformancethroughoutthemotorcyclerange
47
Horizontalinclinationadjustmentsystem(HIAS)
HISA means a device that adjusts the horizontal inclination of theheadlamp towards zero
Headlamp visibility is improved by compensating the headlamp banklangle in curves.
During the curves, the oncoming vehicle driver receives no glare whenthe headlamp bank angle is compensated to the same level as the vehicleb d b k l
48
body bank angle
Emissionnorms BSIV(Future)
TwoWheelerElectricVehicles(futureareas)
EMCevaluationofelectrictwowheelers
Electricalsafetyrequirements
BMSdevelopmentforLiIonbatteries
Charginginfrastructure
Outline
ARAI ABriefIntroduction
ProfileofIndianTwoWheelerIndustry
TwoWheelerAccidents SomeObservations
T Wh l S f t NTwoWheeler SafetyNorms
Present
Future
Present
Summary
Summary
Formulating Road safety policies with a focus on safety oftwo-wheeler riders and pillions.two wheeler riders and pillions.
Scientific design and maintenance of roads with speedcontrol mechanisms.control mechanisms.
Separating two-wheelers and other slow moving trafficfrom heavy and speeding vehicles (on all possible roads).from heavy and speeding vehicles (on all possible roads).
Strict enforcement of traffic regulations and focused speedcontrol mechanisms.control mechanisms.
Summary Control of drinking and driving.
Strict driver licensing mechanisms and systems (graduateddriver licensing systems are found to give benefits).
Mandatory helmet legislation and enforcement.
Design of Safer vehicles Increasing visibility of two wheeler Design of Safer vehicles, Increasing visibility of two wheelerriders and pillions (bright colored helmets, use of reflectivematerials, etc.).
Improved trauma care practices.
Increasing research to understand situation,circumstances, characteristics and risk factors of two-wheeler crasheswheeler crashes.