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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Michael HallMichael Hall

66Sexuality: Sexuality:

Choices in Sexual Choices in Sexual BehaviorBehavior

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Objectives

• Define sexual identity, and discuss the major components of sexual identity, including biology, gender identity, gender roles, and sexual orientation.

• Identify major features and functions of sexual anatomy and physiology.

• Discuss the options available for the expression of one’s sexuality.

• Classify sexual dysfunctions, and describe major disorders.


Your Sexual Identity

• Sexual identity – the recognition and acknowledgement of oneself as a sexual being; is determined by a complex interaction of genetic, physiological, environmental, and social factors


Gender

• Socialization

• Gender identity

• Gender role

• Androgyny

• Transgendered


Sexual Orientation

• Heterosexual

• Homosexual

• Bisexual

• Transsexual


Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

• External female genitals:

• Mons pubis

• Labia minora

• Labia majora

• Clitoris

• Urethral opening

• Hymen

• Perineum


Figure 6.1 External Female Genital Structures

Figure 6.1


Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology (continued)

• Internal female genitals:

• Vagina

• Uterus

• (Uterine) fallopian tubes

• Ovaries


Figure 6.2 Side View of Female Reproductive Organs

Figure 6.2


The Onset of Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle

• Puberty

• Menarche

• Ovulation


Figure 6.3 Phases of the Menstrual (Uterine) and Ovarian Cycle

Figure 6.3


Menstrual Problems

• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

• Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

• Dysmenorrhea


Menopause

• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

• Menopausal hormone therapy

• Women’s Health Initiative (WHI)

• Research on HRT


Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

• External male genitals:• Penis

• Scrotum

• Internal male genitals:• Testes

• Epididymides

• Ductus (vas) deferens

• Urethra

• Seminal vesicles

• Prostrate gland

• Cowper’s gland


Figure 6.4 Side View of the Male Reproductive Organs

Figure 6.4


Human Sexual Response

• Stages of sexual response:

• Excitement/arousal

• Plateau

• Orgasm

• Resolution


Figure 6.5 Comparison of Male and Female Sexual Responses

Figure 6.5.1


Figure 6.5 Comparison of Male and Female Sexual Responses (continued)

Figure 6.5.2


Sexual Response Among Older Adults

• Women:

• Post menopause changes include:

• Less elastic skin

• Internal organs shrink

• Vaginal walls become thinner

• Decreased vaginal lubrication

• Men:• Require more direct and prolonged stimulation to achieve

erection

• Erection is less firm

• Decrease intensity of ejaculation


Sexual Behavior: What Is Normal?

• Common sociocultural standards in Western culture:

• The heterosexual standard

• The coital standard

• The orgasmic standard

• The two-person standard

• The romantic standard

• The safer sex standard


Options for Sexual Expression

• Celibacy

• Autoerotic behaviors

• Sexual fantasies

• Masturbation

• Kissing and erotic touching

• Manual stimulation

• Oral-genital stimulation

• Vaginal intercourse

• Anal intercourse


Variant Sexual Behavior

• Group Sex

• Transvestism

• Fetishism

• Exhibitionism

• Voyeurism

• Sadomasochism

• Pedophilia

• Autoerotic asphyxiation


Difficulties That Can Hinder Sexual Function

• Sexual desire disorders

• Sexual arousal disorders

• Orgasm disorders

• Sexual performance anxiety

• Sexual pain disorders


Figure 6.6 Prevalence of Sexual Problems in Men and Women

Figure 6.6


Drugs and Sex

• Alcohol

• “Date rape” drugs