September 11, 2013September 11, 2013
What are some things that living What are some things that living things depend on that are not living?things depend on that are not living?
AnnouncementsAnnouncements
Today’s ObjectiveToday’s Objective
Identify macromolecules essential to Identify macromolecules essential to lifelife
Identify the properties of what that Identify the properties of what that make it so important to lifemake it so important to life
MacromoleculesMacromolecules
Large molecules made up of smaller Large molecules made up of smaller subunits called monomerssubunits called monomers
There are four major bio-moleculesThere are four major bio-molecules CarbohydratesCarbohydrates ProteinsProteins LipidsLipids Nucleic acidsNucleic acids
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates Supplies energy to cellsSupplies energy to cells
Monomers = sugar (glucose)Monomers = sugar (glucose) Polymers = starchPolymers = starch
Plant StarchPlant Starch CelluloseCellulose
Tough fibers that Tough fibers that
give plants give plants structurestructure
Wood/paperWood/paper
Chitin: form of celluloseChitin: form of cellulose Hard exoskeleton of insects and Hard exoskeleton of insects and
crustaceanscrustaceans
Animal StarchAnimal Starch GlycogenGlycogen
Stored sugarStored sugar released from your liver when the glucose in released from your liver when the glucose in
your blood runs low your blood runs low Supplies your muscles with energy for Supplies your muscles with energy for
contraction/movementcontraction/movement
LipidsLipids
Store energyStore energy Insulate/protectInsulate/protect
Saturated fat and fatty acid
Unsaturated fat and fatty aciddouble bond
causes bending
Less Hydrogen
Filled with Hydrogen
PhospholipidsPhospholipids Make up the cell membraneMake up the cell membrane
Allows molecules in and out of cellAllows molecules in and out of cell
Hydrophilichead
WATER
WATER
Hydrophobictail
Figure 5.14
Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids DNA and RNADNA and RNA
Store vital Store vital information in information in each cell for each cell for making proteinsmaking proteins
Made of Made of nucleotidesnucleotides
ProteinsProteins Wide variety: combo of amino acids Wide variety: combo of amino acids
(20)(20) Carry out chemical reactionsCarry out chemical reactions Transport moleculesTransport molecules Fight diseasesFight diseases
Protein Structure…Protein Structure…Determines FunctionDetermines Function
EnzymesEnzymes
What monomers are bonded What monomers are bonded together to form proteins?together to form proteins?
NucleotidesNucleotides Amino acidsAmino acids Fatty acidsFatty acids GlucoseGlucose
This macromolecule is the main This macromolecule is the main source of energy for living things.source of energy for living things.
LipidsLipids ProteinProtein CarbohydrateCarbohydrate Nucleic AcidNucleic Acid
What macromolecule is DNA an What macromolecule is DNA an example of?example of?
This macromolecule controls the rate This macromolecule controls the rate of reactions and regulate cell of reactions and regulate cell processesprocesses
What macromolecule would you What macromolecule would you typically find in this food?typically find in this food?
How about this food?How about this food?
And this?And this?
2-2 2-2 Properties of WaterProperties of Water
Polarity– unequal sharing of electrons Polarity– unequal sharing of electrons between. creates a slight chargebetween. creates a slight charge Hydrogen end = positiveHydrogen end = positive Oxygen end = negativeOxygen end = negative
CohesionCohesion Attraction between molecules of the Attraction between molecules of the
same substancesame substance Water molecules produce Surface Water molecules produce Surface
TensionTension May support light objectsMay support light objects
Watery ExamplesWatery Examples
AdhesionAdhesion
Attraction between molecules of Attraction between molecules of different substancesdifferent substances
Capillary ActionCapillary Action Causes water to riseCauses water to rise
in a narrow tube againstin a narrow tube against
gravitygravity
Capillary ExampleCapillary Example
Helps pull water up through the Helps pull water up through the microscopic vessels of plantsmicroscopic vessels of plants
Water conducting cells
100 µmFigure 3.3
Mixtures Involving WaterMixtures Involving Water
Solutions: all components are evenly Solutions: all components are evenly distributeddistributed
Solute—substance dissolvedSolute—substance dissolved Solvent—substance which dissolves solutesSolvent—substance which dissolves solutes
SuspensionsSuspensions
Mixtures of water and nondissolved Mixtures of water and nondissolved materialmaterial
Small pieces that do not settle outSmall pieces that do not settle out
Acids, Bases, and pHAcids, Bases, and pH
AcidsAcids: compounds that contain : compounds that contain higher concentrations of Hhigher concentrations of H++ ions than ions than pure waterpure water
pH values below 7pH values below 7
BasesBases: compounds that contain low : compounds that contain low concentrations of Hconcentrations of H++ and high and high amounts of OHamounts of OH-- ions ions
pH values above 7pH values above 7
pH Scale (potential of Hydrogen)pH Scale (potential of Hydrogen)