SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS OF MIXTURES
BYDEEPAK AGGARWALCLASS:- 9th D
SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS OF MIXTURESDifferent methods of separation are used to
get individual components from a mixture. Separation makes it possible to study and use the individual component of a mixture.
Heterogeneous mixtures can be separated into their respective constituents by simple physical method like:- filtration, sieving, handpicking that we use in our daily life. Sometimes special techniques have to be used for the separation of the components of a mixture.
EVAPORATIONTHE
PHENOMENON OF CHANGE OF A
LIQUID INTO VAPOURS AT ANY
TEMPERATURE BELOW ITS
BOILING POINT IS CALLED
EVAPORATION.
SEPARATION OF COLOURED COMPONENT FROM BLUE AND BLACK INK.
I. Take a beaker and filled it half with water .II. Put a watch glass on the mouth of the beaker .III. Put few drops of ink on the watch glass .IV. Now start heating the beaker . We don’t want to
heat the ink directly . You will see that evaporation is taking place from the watch glass .
V. Continue heating as the evaporation goes on and stop heating when you do not see any further change on the watch glass .
VI. You will see that the water from the ink is get evaporated and only dry dye is left .
CENTRIFUGATIONThis is the process in which the denser particles are forced to the bottom and the lighter particles stay at the top when spun rapidly .
APPLICATIONS Used in diagnostic
laboratories for blood and urine tests .
Used in dairies and homes to separate butter from cream .
used in washing machines to squeeze out water from wet cloth .
SEPARATION OF TWO IMMISCIBLE LIQUID
The separation of two immiscible liquid is done by using separating funnel and separate out in layers is depending on their densities .
applications To separate
mixture of oil and water .
In the extraction of iron from its ore the lighter slag is removed from the top by this method to leave the molten iron at the bottom in the furnace .
SUBLIMATIONTo separate such mixtures that contain
a sublimable volatile component from a non- sublimable impurity (in case of salt), the sublimable process is used .
EXAMPLESAmmonium
chloride .Naphthalene . Camphor . Anthracene .
CHROMATOGRAPHYTHE PROCESS OF SEPARATION
OF COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE IS CALLED CHROMATOGRAPHY .
APPLICATIONS
TO SEPARATE COLOUR IN A DYE . DRUGS FROM BLOOD . PIGMENTS FROM NATURAL
COLOURS .
DISTILLATIONThe method of
distillation is used for the separation of components of a mixture containing two miscible liquids that boil without decomposition and have sufficient differences in their boiling points .
magnetismA magnetically susceptible material is extracted from a mixture using a magnetic force.
Fractional distillation
To separate a mixture of two or more miscible liquid for which the difference in boiling point is less than 25 k, than fractional distillation is used.
DECANTINGUsed to separate a liquid from
an insoluble solid. The solid stays in the bottom .
Separation of gases from air
crystillationCrystillation is a process that
separates a pure solid in the form of its crystals from a solution .
These all separations can be happen only in mixture
THE END