Sensor Technology for Civil and Mechanical Systems (STCMS)
Shih-Chi Liu, Program Director
[email protected] (703) 292-7017
The 4th International Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Taipei, 10/06
Engineering: Culture, Tradition, and Diversity
What Do We Do?
Research Teaching
Practice
As an Engineer…
• What do we do?
-- Research, Teaching, and Practice
• What is the nature of our work?
-- Analysis & Design (> 80%)
Directorate for EngineeringFY 06 Budget
Assistant DirectorRichard Buckius
Assistant DirectorRichard Buckius
Senior AdvisorNanotechnologySenior Advisor
Nanotechnology
Office of IndustrialInnovation
OII (SBIR/STTR)
Office of IndustrialInnovation
OII (SBIR/STTR)
Bioengineering &Environmental
SystemsBES
Bioengineering &Environmental
SystemsBES
Civil &Mechanical
SystemsCMS
Civil &Mechanical
SystemsCMS
Chemical &TransportSystems
CTS
Chemical &TransportSystems
CTS
EngineeringEducation &
CentersEEC
EngineeringEducation &
CentersEEC
Electrical &Communications
SystemsECS
Electrical &Communications
SystemsECS
Design &Manufacturing
InnovationDMI
Design &Manufacturing
InnovationDMI
Bruce Hamilton($46.53M)
Warren DeVries($58.25M)
Kesh Narayanan($102.87M)
Geoffrey Prentice, Acting($63.06M)
Adnan Akay($80.28M)
Usha Varshney($64.95M)
Gary Gabriele($134.81M)
Mike Roco
NSF: $5,581.17M
ENG: $575.38M
NSF Operation
Guiding Principles: People Ideas Tools
Five Pillars of Scholarship
NSF Earthquake Hazard Mitigation
EHM Historical Milestones
Pro
gra
m A
nn
ual
Bu
dg
et
1964 77 80 91 9472
No
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rid
ge
Lo
ma
Pri
eta
New
mar
k N
EH
RP
Rep
ort
14.0M
18.0M
8.0M
San
Fer
nan
do
2.0M
0.5M
Ala
ska
US
-Jap
an L
arg
e-S
cale
Tes
tin
g P
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ram
US
-PR
C P
roto
col
An
nex
III
US
-Ta
iwan
New Structural System Design
• 1950---Structures Mostly Non-Engineered• 1960---Moment Resisting Frames Shear Walls• 1970---Rigorous Bldg Codes Development for Steel, R/C & Masonry Bldgs• 1980---Braced Frames, Reinforced Masonry• 1990---Precast/Prestressed &
Composite/Hybrid Systems• Future—Smart Structures
US-Taiwan Cooperation
• 1978—US Group Visit (ST Mau & Penzien) Newmark, Clough, Jennings…
* Penzien spent one yr at NTU
*Feitzui Dam study (Clough/Mau, Penzien)
* Kaohsiung Cross-harbor Tunnel (Penzien)
* SMART Array (Bolt/Penzien/Tsai/Mau)
*Workshops
US-Taiwan Cooperation (Cont)
• 1999---Chi-Chi EQ * Int’l WS in Taichun (NSC sponsored)
(Liu & 12 US & foreign researchers)
* NSF initiated an one-yr initiative
* US EQ Engr Centers approached NSC & NCREE to initiate center-to-center research—but not much has happened
When I was Young (1978)
EASTERN & WESTERN CULTURE
•Family value Individual value
•Personal level Business manner
•Traditional Less traditional
•Verbal Commitment Written contract
•Sharing of wealth Self-sufficient
•Long-term gain Short-term gain
•Balanced Centralized
Balance & Harmony
“Shoveling Manure For a Day is an Excellent Counterbalance to
Intellectual Work.”
-Baruck BlumbergDirector, NASA Institute of Astrobiology
1976 Nobel Prize in Medicine
Balance & Harmony
Examples ofYin and YangShade Sunshine
Hidden Exposed
Earth Heaven
Moon Sun
Female Male
Inward-looking Outgoing
Closed Open
Moore’s Law – Revisited
year
log
(p
eo
ple
pe
r c
om
pu
ter)
Number CrunchingData Storage
productivityinteractive
streaming streaming informationinformationto/from physical to/from physical worldworld
Mainframe
Minicomputer
Workstation
PC
Laptop
PDA
60 70 80 9050 00 10
We are on the verge of a vast increase in the spatial & temporal spatial & temporal fidelityfidelity at which we instrument &
analyze the physical world.
Sensors & Sensing Systems
• Sensing Systems: Sensors & Assoc electronic or optical
processing that make the measurement usable
• Smart Sensors: Sensors to have self calibrating and self
diagnosis capabilities
Hybrid Autonomic Fly Trap
epidermis
vein
Parenchymacells epidermis
Sensing hair
K+
expand
H2O
H+
Insect touches the antenna located in the middle of leaf.
Rapid closure of the leaf trap the insect.
Cross-section view before the leaf motion.
After the leaf motion.
(Courtesy of Profesor M. Taya)
Bio-Inspired Engineered Systems
www.jamesedmunds.com
A. Kobayashi (www.gps.caltech.edu)
SiO2Au
Materials
Nature 424: 853 (2003)
Optics
Sensors
(Self-Assembled)
Structures
Autumn et al. Nature (2000)
Catalysis
Sensors and Sensor NetworksInitiative
• FY 2003.--$45M
• FY 2004– ~$39M
• FY 2005 – -$30M
Program MetricsNo. of
ProposalsNo. of
AwardsSuccess
Rate
(%)
Dwell Time
(months)
2003 163 16 10 4.66
2002 83 10 12 4.93
2001 87 12 14 6.72
Proposals # doubled, but funding rate is decreasing.
Opportunity in Sensors Research
Sensors for the Detection of Explosives
$20 million
Credit: Mete Sozen and Julio Ramirez, Purdue University School of Civil Engineering
Future Trends
• MULTIPLE HAZARD SOL’Ns• TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS
--information technology --new materials & new systems --wide use of sensors, actuactors, etc -- autoadaptive media
• TRADITIONAL & NONTRADITIONAL APPROACHES
TEACHING
Generous time for students Continuous curriculum updating Knowledge transfer across the lines & out of the box Enable students to search and innovate on his own Concurrent teaching & learning Cultivating & mentoring Creating opportunities enabling students to mature ………
Bottom Line:
How many high-quality students has the teacher graduated?
Who are good teachers here today?
All of you are!
In Particular: --Mete Sozen,…..
--Tomizuka
--Joe Penzien
The Best Teacher Ever?
The God--as a teacher He has taught for K’s/M’s of years He has had millions of students all over the
world Except a few, most students were loyal to
Him He reaches out to students of all geographic
locations, all genders, all races, all ages, and rich and poor
WHY GOD NEVER REC’VED TENURE AT ANY UNIVERSITY?
o He had only one major publicationo It was in Hebrewo It had no referenceo It wasn’t not published in a refereed
journalo Some doubt he wrote it Himselfo He may have created the world, but
what has He done since?o The scientific community can’t
replicate His results
WHY GOD NEVER REC’VED TENURE AT ANY UNIVERSITY?
(Cont.)
o He rarely come to class and just told students: “Read the Book”
o Some say He has his son teach the class
o He expelled His first two studentso His office hours were irregular and
sometimes held on a mountaintopo Although there were only 10
requirements, most students failed
The World Forum on Smart Materials and
Smart Structures Technology
(SMSST ’07)
May 22-27, 2007
Chongqing & Nanjing, China
http://www.smsst07.org
Hosts• Chongqing
• Nanjing
China
China
Time to Toast Again
Questions?
Useful Web Addresses
• National Science Foundation: www.nsf.gov• Civil & Mechanical Systems: http://www.eng.nsf.gov/cms/• Grant Proposal Guide: http://www.nsf.gov/pubsys/ods/getpub.cfm?nsf0423• FY2004 Guide to Programs:
http://www.nsf.gov/pubsys/ods/getpub.cfm?nsf04009• Sensors and Sensor Networks (FY2004 version):
http://www.nsf.gov/pubsys/ods/getpub.cfm?ods_key=nsf04522• Mathematical Sciences: Innovations at the Interface with the Sciences and
Engineering (FY2004 version): http://www.nsf.gov/pubsys/ods/getpub.cfm?ods_key=nsf04538
• Program Officers (Dynamic Systems, Modeling, Sensing and Control)– Dr. Shih-Chi Liu [email protected] 703-292-7017