Section 3.2
Logarithmic Functions
The Logarithmic Function
xxf alog)(
0a
1a
The Big Idea
•The logarithmic function is the inverse of the exponential function.
Important Equivalency
• Is equivalent to
xy alog
xa y
Convert From Logarithmic to Exponential
M
b
2
7
log2
49log2
343log3
Convert from Exponential to Logarithmic
502
401
464
5125
1
5
3
3
c
y
How to Find Logs
1. Use what you know. If you know that 2 to the 3rd power is 8, then you also know that the log, base 2, of 8 is 3.
2. Use properties of exponents and radicals. Taking the square root of something is the same as raising that same thing to the ½ power. And fractions can often be re-written using negative exponents.
Evaluate the Following Log Expressions
4log
8log
16
1log
49log
64
8
2
7
How to Find Logs, continued
3. Use these helpful log properties:
xb
xb
b
x
xb
b
b
b
log
log
1log
01log
Evaluate the Following Log Expressions
7log
3
7
44
1log
7log
The domain of a logarithmic function
• It is not possible to take the log of a negative number.
• To find the domain of a logarithmic function, set the “argument” > 0.
Find the domain of each logarithmic function
)13log()(
)7(log)( 4
xxf
xxg
Natural and Common Logs
• Logs to the base of 10 are called common logs (log on your calculator)
• Logs to the base of e are called natural logs (ln on your calculator)
Evaluate the Following Log Expressions
129ln
5
28log
ln
10
10
1log
e
e
Graphs of Logarithmic Functions
• You may omit questions dealing with graphs on both the homework (15 – 18) and the quiz (6 and 7). I will give you credit for those questions.