Scott Foresman Science 3.6
Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content
Nonfi ction Make Inferences Captions
Map
Labels
Glossary
Weather
ISBN 0-328-13823-1
Illustration: 5, 6 Big Sesh Studios Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd)Title Page: DK Images 2 John Lund/Corbis 4 Leonard Lessin/Peter Arnold, Inc. 6 DK Images 8 Corbis 9 Tom Uhlman/Visuals Unlimited 10 Tom Bean 11 Julie Eggers/Bruce Coleman Inc. 13 (T) Getty Images, (B) Allan Davey/Masterfile Corporation 14 Boden/Ledingham/Masterfile Corporation
ISBN: 0-328-13823-1
Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Vocabularyatmosphere
blizzard
hurricane
tornado
weather
What did you learn?1. What are some qualities that weather has?
2. Name three weather tools that help to measure weather. Tell what each tool does.
3. What do high air pressure and low air pressure tell us about the weather?
4. In this book you have read about the pollution that happens in cities. Write to explain how pollution forms. Use examples from the book.
5. Make Inferences Why do you think the coast of the state of Washington gets wet weather in the winter, while the Cascade Mountains in the middle of the state get snow?
13823_CVR_FSD Sec1:213823_CVR_FSD Sec1:2 05/12/2005 18:29:0205/12/2005 18:29:02
Weatherby Timothy Sandow
13823_01-16_FSD 113823_01-16_FSD 1 05/12/2005 18:29:2105/12/2005 18:29:21
What makes up weather?Parts of Weather
Weather is what the air is like outside. The air
temperature is part of the weather. So is the water in
the air. The wind speed and kinds of clouds are part of
the weather too.
Most clouds are made of water droplets. Clouds
hang in the air. When a cloud cant hold any more
water, it rains. Puffy, white clouds usually mean good
weather. Dark clouds often bring rain.
2
13823_01-16_FSD 213823_01-16_FSD 2 05/12/2005 18:29:2305/12/2005 18:29:23
Measuring Weather
You might say that the weather is hot today. But
your friend might disagree. To your friend, the weather
might not feel hot. So scientists use tools to measure
the weather. That way, we know exactly what the
weather is like!
3
13823_01-16_FSD 313823_01-16_FSD 3 05/12/2005 18:29:3305/12/2005 18:29:33
4
Earth has a blanket of
air around it. That blanket
is called the atmosphere.
It contains gases that have
no color, taste, or odor. The
atmosphere has weight. It
presses down on Earth. How
much it presses down is called
air pressure. High air pressure
is caused by the atmosphere
pressing down more. Low
air pressure is caused by
the atmosphere pressing
down less.
The atmosphere has many parts. Weather happens in the lower part. Planes often fly above the weather.
13823_01-16_FSD 413823_01-16_FSD 4 05/12/2005 18:29:3705/12/2005 18:29:37
5
Changes in air pressure lead to changes in the
weather. Scientists use a tool called a barometer to
measure air pressure.
High air pressure means good weather is coming
or is here. The skies are clear or will be clearing. Low
air pressure often means bad weather. The weather
is cloudy or rainy or will be cloudy or rainy. Storms
happen during low air pressure.
Barometer
13823_01-16_FSD 513823_01-16_FSD 5 05/12/2005 18:29:4305/12/2005 18:29:43
Enlarge
6
A hygrometer measures the airs
water vapor, or humidity. High
humidity causes damp, wet air. Low
humidity causes dry air.
A rain gauge shows how much rain
has fallen. An anemometer tells the
speed of the wind. Wind vanes tell the
direction of the wind.
All these tools help scientists learn
more about weather. They also help
scientists predict what the weather will
be like.Hygrometer
Anemometer
Wind vane
13823_01-16_FSD 613823_01-16_FSD 6 05/12/2005 18:29:4505/12/2005 18:29:45
7
Weather Map
Weather tools give scientists data, or facts. Scientists
use the data to make weather maps. The maps show
temperatures, air pressure, and storms. Look closely at
the weather map below. Do you see the key? The keys
pictures help you better understand the weather.
This weather map uses pictures to show what the weather is like. What is the weather like in Atlanta, Georgia?
13823_01-16_FSD 713823_01-16_FSD 7 05/12/2005 18:29:5005/12/2005 18:29:50
8
Weather satellites move around Earth and take
pictures. They send the pictures back to Earth.
Scientists study the pictures. The pictures help
scientists tell which way storms are moving. This
helps scientists talk about the weather.
Weather satellite
13823_01-16_FSD 813823_01-16_FSD 8 05/12/2005 18:29:5205/12/2005 18:29:52
Enlarge
9
Pollution Alerts
Cars, trucks, and factories can pollute the air
in cities. The pollution they make is a gas, called
exhaust. The exhaust moves into the air. The exhaust
can hang over the city. The Suns rays can turn the
exhaust into smog and ozone.
Weather scientists make pollution alerts when
theres smog or ozone in the air. The alerts warn
people to stay inside because smog or ozone can be
harmful to health.
Smog makes it hard for some people to breathe.
13823_01-16_FSD 913823_01-16_FSD 9 05/12/2005 18:29:5505/12/2005 18:29:55
How are weather patterns different?Weather Patterns
Weather changes follow patterns. The same weather
happens over and over again. Weather patterns
depend on the Sun, water, and where you live. People
near the ocean have one kind of weather. People far
from the ocean have another kind of weather.
The coast along the state of Washington has rainy
winters. The Cascade Mountains, near the middle of
the state, have snowy winters. And the eastern section
of Washington has dry, cold winters.
Eastern Washington State does not get much rain or snow.
10
13823_01-16_FSD 1013823_01-16_FSD 10 5/31/05 12:14:49 PM5/31/05 12:14:49 PM
It rains on the coast because the air is warm and
wet. The rain turns to snow in the mountains because
the air is colder there. And the mountains block rain
and snow from going past them.
Each kind of desert has its own weather pattern. The
Sonoran Desert in Southern Arizona and California
has a hot, dry summer season. But storms come with
heavy rain. The rain is due to moist air from the Gulf
of California. Saguaro cactus take in the rain and save
it for later.
What kind of weather does this desert have?
11
13823_01-16_FSD 1113823_01-16_FSD 11 05/12/2005 18:30:0805/12/2005 18:30:08
Dangerous Storms
Some storms only bring rain. Thunderstorms can
be dangerous. Lightning can strike people, trees, and
buildings, so people should find shelter.
A hurricane is a huge storm. It starts out over an
ocean. It has very strong winds. When it hits the land
it causes great damage. People usually know about
hurricanes before they happen.
A hurricane can cause heavy rain and huge waves.
12
13823_01-16_FSD 1213823_01-16_FSD 12 05/12/2005 18:30:1505/12/2005 18:30:15
13
A tornado is a spinning column of air that touches
the ground. Tornadoes form below thunderstorm
clouds. They are smaller than hurricanes. But their
winds are much stronger. Tornados form quickly. When
a tornado is spotted, people must go to a safe place.
Heavy rains or big waves can cause flooding.
Flooding can make roads dangerous to travel on.
People usually know about flooding beforehand and
move to higher ground.
A tornado is very dangerous.
13823_01-16_FSD 1313823_01-16_FSD 13 05/12/2005 18:30:1805/12/2005 18:30:18
14
A blizzard is a winter storm. Blizzards have very
cold air and a lot of snow. Strong winds blow the
snow. It is dangerous to be out in a blizzard. Blizzards
can trap people in the snow. They can also make
people too cold. It is important to stay indoors during
blizzards in order to be safe.
These students are sent home from school during a blizzard.
13823_01-16_FSD 1413823_01-16_FSD 14 05/12/2005 18:30:2905/12/2005 18:30:29
15
The National Weather Service warns people about
storms. A storm watch means that a storm could be
happening soon. A storm warning means that a storm
is about to happen or is already happening.
Different kinds of weather happen every day. It is
difficult to figure out why certain weather happens.
But tools help scientists understand the weather!
13823_01-16_FSD 1513823_01-16_FSD 15 05/12/2005 18:30:3605/12/2005 18:30:36
16
Glossary
atmosphere the blanket of air that surrounds Earth
blizzard a heavy snowstorm with strong winds
and cold temperatures
hurricane a huge storm with strong winds and
heavy rains that starts over an ocean
tornado a spinning, funnel-shaped column of
air that touches the ground
weather what the air is like outside
13823_01-16_FSD 1613823_01-16_FSD 16 05/12/2005 18:30:3805/12/2005 18:30:38
Illustration: 5, 6 Big Sesh Studios Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd)Title Page: DK Images 2 John Lund/Corbis 4 Leonard Lessin/Peter Arnold, Inc. 6 DK Images 8 Corbis 9 Tom Uhlman/Visuals Unlimited 10 Tom Bean 11 Julie Eggers/Bruce Coleman Inc. 13 (T) Getty Images, (B) Allan Davey/Masterfile Corporation 14 Boden/Ledingham/Masterfile Corporation
ISBN: 0-328-13823-1
Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Vocabularyatmosphere
blizzard
hurricane
tornado
weather
What did you learn?1. What are some qualities that weather has?
2. Name three weather tools that help to measure weather. Tell what each tool does.
3. What do high air pressure and low air pressure tell us about the weather?
4. In this book you have read about the pollution that happens in cities. Write to explain how pollution forms. Use examples from the book.
5. Make Inferences Why do you think the coast of the state of Washington gets wet weather in the winter, while the Cascade Mountains in the middle of the state get snow?
13823_CVR_FSD Sec1:213823_CVR_FSD Sec1:2 05/12/2005 18:29:0205/12/2005 18:29:02
previous: next: