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General Science Let 08
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GENERALEDUCATIO
N(20%
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NaturalSciences)
ContentUpdate: Basic
concepts andPrinciples
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Introduction:Science is,
indeed, oneof the most
importantsubject areas
in
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todayscurriculum. Much
emphasis havebeen to this
field of study.Life has been
increasinglyinfl
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uenced byscience and
technology inour pursuit of a
morecomfortable
lifestyle. Techn
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ology is theapplication of
the scientifictheories and
laws. Theinventions
intelecommuni
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cation andtransportation
have drawn theworld smaller
and smaller.Withthe advent
of information
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can be relayedto other parts
of the word injust a matter
of seconds.The recent
breakthroughs
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in geneticmapping have
made itpossible
toidentity theuseful and bad
genes that will
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result to thebreeding of a
betterspecie.All these
have made lifemore
convenient
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than ever.However, these
technologymayalso pose
hazard tomankind if not
used properly.
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The mobilephones
couldsabotagethe economy of
a particularcountry. The
ever-increasing
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number ofvehicleshas
been badlychanging our
climaticcondition.Scien
ce can be a
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vehicle toinculcate
values on theproper use of
technologythatbring both
advantages and
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disadvantages.The natural
sciencesreview shall
focus on thefollowing
objectives:1.U
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t i l izescientific
knowledgein the
preservationof human
life
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andconservation of the earths
resourcesrelate
scientific
theories ofactual
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happeningsand natural
and man-inducedcalamit
ies
utilizedbiological
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knowledge andtheories in the
improvementof the quality
of life and
applyknowledge and
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theories ofphysical
sciences in theimprovement of
life2.Applyscientific
knowledge
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andprinciples for
theimprovement
ofhumanresourc
es and socio-
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economicdevelopment3.
Identifyproblems
and suggestsolutions
related to
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personalandcommunity
healthI.What is
Science?It presents a
systematized
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body ofknowledge,
structured butnot rigid.
Thecontents orfacts of this
knowledge are
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gatheredthrough keen
observationandrelentless
experimentation whereby the
ideas
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generated arealso products
of furtherinvestigations.S
cience is notonly a mere
body of
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knowledge. Itis a search for
answerstoquestions, or
of solutions toproblems,
using the
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process skillsof
observing,inferring,
experimenting,and the
like.a.Natural
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Science is awide field of
studycompressing
biological andphysicalscienc
esb.Biological
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Sciences dealswith life and
has manybranches. The
twogeneralbranche
s are botany
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(the study ofplants) and
zoology (thestudy of
animals).c.Physical Sciences
any of the
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naturalsciences
dealing withinanimate
matter orwithenergy as
physics,
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chemistry, andastronomy
collectively.Generated
knowledge orinformation
through
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scientific studyabout
livingand non-living things
and theprocess skills
of science are
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used as toolsorvehicles for
addressing theneeds and
concerns ofsociety.
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II .What isTechnology?
An appliedscience. It can
be an invention,a gadget, a
process or just
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an improvedprocedure. Tec
hnology as aproduct may be
a gadget, tool,device, piece
of equipment,
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machine orinstrument. Or
may be aconsumer
item, such asseedlessgrapes,
powered mild
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biodegradablesoap and
Styrofoam. Theprocess of
reproducingwhole plants
from its issue
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or plant tissueculture isan
example of thiskind of
technology, sois skin grafting.
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St. Louis Review
Center, Inc-Davao
Tel. no. (082) 224-
2515 or 222-87321
Powdertechnology
involves the
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making of drymaterials with
particlediametersof
100micrometers
(mm) or
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less.Powdersare converted
from bulksolids using
mechanicalprocesses
whichsubject
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the mumps toocontact forces.
The lumpsbreak up into
very muchsmallerparticle
s, the size of
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which dependsnot only on the
forces appliedbut also on
thenature of thematerial.III.
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Basic Goals ofScience
Education:The teaching
of science at alllevels (from
elementary to
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secondarytotertiary level) is
carried on forthree basic
reasons:a)toprepare
scholars in the
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discipline (pure
scientists)b)toprovide
individualswith a
background
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in science oftechnological
orprofessionaloccupations (
appliedscientists)c)to
provide
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individualswith a
backgroundscience as
part of theirgeneraleducati
on of effective
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citizenship ( theordinary
citizen)Morespecifically, the
basic goal is toproduce a
populace
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withbasicunderstanding
of theprinciples of
science, theability to
utilize he
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technologyavailable and an
interest in andappreciation
for science. (THE
DEVELOPME
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NT OFASCIENTIFIC
ALLYLITERATE
CITIZENRY). The
identified
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constructs ofScientific and
technologicalLiteracy (STL)
belowwerebased on
studies made
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by scienceeducators and
researchersusing the
followingbehavior indicators:A.
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Nature ofScience and
Technology- a teacher
demonstratesanunderstandin
g of the nature
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of science andtechnology
when he/she:-
exhibitsknowledge of
background on
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the history anddevelopment,
thephilosophy,and the
sociology ofscience and
technology
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-
appreciates theempirical
nature and
objectivity ofscience and
technology-
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recognizes theworks of
scientists andthe nature of
thescientificenter
priseThe
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dimensions ofthe nature of
science, basedon the
interdependentrelationship of
process and
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productsare:1)Scienc
e proceedsas a se r ies
ofapproximat i
o n s 2 ) S c i e
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n c e i st e n t a t i v e
3)Scientificknowledge
is capable ofpublic
empirical
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test4)Science proceeds
on theassumption
that t ime,space and
matter
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arereal andthat nature is
consistent5)Eve ry e f f ec t
has a causetha t can be
qua l i f i ed6)
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There is nosingle
method ofscience but
manydifferent
possible
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waysofconducting
investigations.B.
Concepts andPrinciples o
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Science andTechnology
Ateacherdemon
stratesknowledge of
the basic
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concepts,principles of
scienceandtechnology
when he/she:-
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-
applies scienceand technology
concepts,
principles andtheories in real-
life situations;
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i.e, in solvingeveryday
problems andmaking
decisions-
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showsfamiliarity with
the basicprecepts of
science andtechnology-
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communicateseffectively the
scientificknowledge to
bridge thegapbetween
the scientific
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knowledge tobridge the gap
between thescientificcomm
unity and thelay public. The
seven
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conceptualschemes
are:1)Allmatter is
composed ofunits called
fundamental
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particles2)Matter can be
classified inhierarchies
ororganization
al
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levels.3)Thebehavior of
matter in theuniverse can
be describedon a
statisticalbasi
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s . 4 ) U n i t so f m a t t e r
i n t e r a c tSt. Louis Review
Center, Inc-DavaoTel. no. (082) 224-
2515 or 222-87322You're reading a free preview.
Pages 3 to 24 are not shown in this preview.
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