Russ Martin President, Global Product Stewardship Council Zero
Waste Summit 2012 Melbourne 22 October, 2012 Global Developments in
Product Stewardship and their Implications for Australia
Slide 2
Slide 3
Slide 4
Potential US Financial Benefit as of 2010 Product Total
Financial BenefitAvg. Per Capita Electronics $658 million $2.13
Paint $609 million $1.97 Medical sharps (home)$198 million $0.64
Batteries (primary) $247 million $0.80 Batteries (secondary) $ 74
million $0.24 Fluorescent lamps (household)$ 87 million $0.28
Thermostats (mercury)$ 46 million $0.15 Pesticides$ 40 million
$0.13 Phone books $ 40 million $0.13 Total Potential Financial
Benefit for US = $2 billion/yr *Based on an estimated US population
of 309,101,167 (U.S. Census Bureau, April 2010) ** Values in US$
Source: Product Stewardship Institute
Slide 5
Resource Significance of WEEE* WRAP Modelling Between now &
2020, 12MT of WEEE in the UK is ICT equipment, consumer
electronics, display devices will contain 63 T of palladium &
17 T of Indium At current market values, precious metals in WEEE
worth : 1bn worth of silver 5bn worth of gold 1bn worth of
palladium Almost of all WEEE taken to UK recycling centres can be
reused: worth more than 200m in gross revenue each year could make
100T of rare earths (~10% of UK demand) available again WEEE =
waste electrical and electronic equipment
Slide 6
Resource Significance of WEEE Mobile Phones For every tonne of
components recovered, 10 tonnes of greenhouse gases are avoided
Recycling 50,000 handsets avoids the need to mine: 110 tonnes of
gold ore 213 tonnes of silver-bearing ore 11 tonnes of copper
sulphide ore Source: MobileMuster
Slide 7
Low Recycling Rates of Certain Metals United Nations
Environment Programme report: recycling rates of metals are in many
cases far lower than their potential for reuse less than one-third
of 60 metals studied have an EOL recycling rate above 50% 34
elements are below 1% recycling: Lithium batteries (hybrids &
electric vehicles) Gallium, Germanium, Indium, Tellurium solar rare
earth metals catalysts, batteries, permanent magnets for electric
drives, wind turbines, phosphors for smart phones, iPads, TVs,
computers, energy efficient light globes, etc.
http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Publications/Recyclingratesofmetals/t
abid/56073/Default.aspx
Slide 8
Low Recycling Rates of Certain Metals Potential consequences:
scarcity of key resources availability and cost direct impacts on
sustainability inhibition of Green Economy development need for
greater urban mining of resources largest recycling park in China
1MT copper/yr largest copper mine in China less than half that
recycling rates for platinum - 80-90% for industrial apps, 0-5% for
electronics Product stewardship as a risk management and
geopolitical strategy
http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Publications/Recyclingratesofmeta
ls/tabid/56073/Default.aspx
Slide 9
US EPR Laws as of October 2012 Source: Product Stewardship
Institute
Slide 10
US EPR Laws as of October 2012 Source: Product Stewardship
Institute ProductNo. of laws States with EPR laws Electronics24*CT,
HI, IL, IN, ME, MD, MI, MN, MO, NC, NJ, NY, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TX,
UT, VA, VT, WA, WV, WI Auto Switches15AR, IL, IN, IA, LA, ME, MD,
MA, NJ, NC, RI, SC, UT, VA, VT Thermostats (Hg)10CA, CT, IA, IL,
ME, MT, NH, PA, RI, VT Batteries9CA, FL, IA, ME, MD, MN, NJ, NY, VT
Paint4CA, CT, OR, RI Fluorescent Lamps3ME, VT, WA Carpet1CA
Pesticide Containers 1CA Framework1ME * CA was the first state to
pass an electronics law, but it is based on an advance recycling
fee.
Slide 11
Canadian EPR and Product Stewardship Programs August 2012
Source: Encorp Pacific (Canada)
Slide 12
The ECs Three-tier Policy Structure Framework legislation The
Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) (the WFD) The Waste Shipment
Regulation (EC) no. 1013/2006 Waste treatment legislation The
Landfill Directive (1999/71/EC) The Waste Incineration Directive
(2000/76/EC) Future recycling standards, to be based on the WFD
Producer responsibility legislation The Packaging and Packaging
Waste Directive (94/62/EC) The End of Life Vehicles Directive
(2000/53/EC) The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Directive (2002/96/EC) The Batteries and Accumulators Directive
(2006/66/EC)
Slide 13
EU WEEE Directive Recast New collection targets - 85% of WEEE
generated ~10 million tons (~20 kg per capita) to be separately
collected from 2019 onwards. Existing EU collection target is 4 kg
of WEEE per capita Greater ability for EU Member States to fight
illegal waste exports Harmonisation of registration and reporting
requirements
Slide 14
Representative Asian Programs China WEEE Japan Law for the
Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources Law for the
Recycling of Specified Kinds of Home Appliances South Korea Taiwan
Thailand Economic responsibility usually rests with manufacturers
Physical responsibility is usually less clear Source: Perchards,
www.perchards.comwww.perchards.com
Slide 15
British Columbia All WEEE subject to EPR Electronics and
Electrical Category designated for EPR under the BC Recycling
Regulation was expanded in 2009 requires producers to collect &
recycle the products they make & sell As of July 1, 2012, BCs
EPR recycling addresses the largest variety of WEEE of any
jurisdiction in North America. If it comes with a battery or a
plug, BC now recycles it.
Slide 16
EPR for Packaging and Printed Paper in British Columbia
Packaging and Printed Paper designated for EPR under the BC
Recycling Regulation requires producers to collect & recycle
the products they make & sell Important dates: May 2011:
Packaging and Printed Paper added to Recycling Regulation October
2011: MOE-led public meetings Spring 2012: Producer-led
consultations November 2012: Stewardship plan submission (led by
Multi-Material British Columbia) May 2014: Stewardship program
implementation Details and presentations available at
http://www.globalpsc.net/blog/video-now-
available-epr-in-british-columbia-for-packaging-and-printed-paper/
Slide 17
Canada-Wide Strategy for Sustainable Packaging EPR Action Plan
& Packaging Strategy adopted October 2009 coordinated
provincial and federal initiative through Canadian Council on
Ministers of Environment Action Plan commits all jurisdictions to
work towards having EPR legislation & systems for packaging etc
within 6 years EPR requirements should encourage take-back
initiatives, with or without deposits territories will consider
whether alternative measures are more appropriate Builds on Action
Plan for EPR by outlining a harmonised approach to EPR requirements
for packaging (household, C&I and service packaging)
Slide 18
Product Stewardship in New Zealand Accreditation by Minister
for Environment Plasback TM - used farm plastics Agrecovery Rural
Recycling Programme agrichemical plastic containers, silage wrap,
crop protection net and agrichemicals Glass Packaging Scheme
Refrigerants Recovery PaintWise Holcim Geocycle - used oil ROSE NZ
used oil
http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/waste/product-stewardship/accredited-
schemes-in-nz.html
Slide 19
Voluntary Product Stewardship - Australia ChemClear - crop
protection and animal health chemicals www.chemclear.com.au
Publishers National Environment Bureau - newsprint www.pneb.com.au
FluoroCycle - mercury-containing lamps www.fluorocycle.org.au
drumMuster - used chemical containers www.drummuster.com.au
MobileMuster - mobile phones www.mobilemuster.com.au
Slide 20
Australias Product Stewardship Act 2011 Framework Criteria for
prioritisation: National markets Hazardous substances Business
opportunities Consumer willingness to pay Significant costs
associated with end-of-life management Material conservation and
resource recovery, and associated benefits such as reducing
greenhouse gas emissions $147 million net savings
Slide 21
Australias TV & Computer Recycling Scheme Liable parties
Co-regulatory arrangements approved by the Minister (or delegate)
achieve outcomes, specified in the Regulations, on behalf of liable
parties Reasonable access to collections by December 2013 Annual
recycling targets 30% in 2012-13 rising to 80% in 2021-22 Material
recovery target takes effect FY2014-15 90% of the weight of
material recycled in a financial year is sent for further
processing into useable materials
Slide 22
Sustainability Victoria Efforts on Batteries and Paint
Slide 23
Trends to Consider Expanded range of products within
electronics e.g., in British Columbia beyond electronics
Consolidated collections simplified education potential economies
of scale Collaborative multi-stakeholder approaches greater
engagement of local governments Partnership for Action on Computing
Equipment (PACE), a Basel Convention partnership with industry,
NGOs and other stakeholders Sustainability Victoria efforts on
batteries and paint
Slide 24
Importance of Responsible Recycling Legal prosecution Health
and safety of workers and general public Environmental damage from
spills or accidents Arrangements could lose approvals Reputational
damage
Slide 25
Importance of Responsible Recycling - 2
Slide 26
International Product Stewardship Summit: Some Relevant
Findings Product stewardship has moved beyond traditional
end-of-life emphasis to encompass broader sustainability. Industry
leaders will accept the full costs of product stewardship, provided
they are paying the right costs. The caveat: businesses want
greater program control and the flexibility to reduce costs. Issues
Paper available at http://www.globalpsc.net/international-
product-stewardship-summit-issues-paper/
Slide 27
Lessons Wide variety of models are available for Australia to
consider Regulatory threats and fees have been used heavily in
Europe but have delivered results North America - more voluntary
& co-regulatory approaches Need national consistency with
flexibility to adapt over time It is almost irrelevant whether a
product stewardship program is voluntary, co-regulatory or
regulatory, as long as: Ongoing consumer education Convenient
access to collection facilities Verifiable performance reporting
Producer responsibility for operating and financing Minimising free
riders