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8/2/2019 Rural Industrial Estate

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A Model for Rural Industrial Estate as a Building

block for Sustainable Development

We have seen how Urban Industrial Estates havefacilitated the growth of industry in the country but thishas proved like unsustainable in various ways and therural sector has languished. Sustainable rural

industrialization can be prompted by evolving anappropriate model of what may be called - a RuralIndustrial Estate (Centre). Once the feasibility of such amodel is adequately demonstrated, it can serve to be thebuilding blocks for augmenting sustainable ruralindustrialization and thereby sustainable employment inthe rural masses. This paper is an attempt is present thebasic philosophy, conceptual design and a broad techno-economic assessment of a typical model of RuralIndustrial Estate.


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Role of Energy AND OTHER SOURCES

Any kind of industrialization needs infrastructurefacilities, capital, skill, manpower and energy. Theurban/organised sector of industries utilisesconventional energy sources, which are finite andnon-local.

Conventional sources are mostly centralisedsources and cannot be generated locally.Electricity generation from thermal, hydel ornuclear sources is highly capital intensive andgovernment has to provide high subsidy on thesesystems.


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Petroleum products are limited and government

has to invest a lot of foreign currency to importthese products which is becoming burden on the

govt

The other problems associated with these sources

are pollution and rising cost.

The rural industries based on appropriate

technologies can meet their energy requirements

from renewable sources in decentralised manner.


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Energy a crucial parameter for agro-industrial activity.

Conventional Energy Sources theiravailability and suitability for widespread Ruralapplications.

Need to facilitate utilization of localrenewable resources of energy.

Why have the so-called non-conventionalsources of energy NOT picked up adequately sofar?

Need for matching of demands withappropriate energy modes.


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Some Typical characteristics of

renewable energy sources. Area specific

Decentralized availability

Wide variation A mix of different modes need to be

used

Availability controlled by Nature


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Facilitating Renewable Energy Sources

Devices for optimal utilization of Human

Muscle Power Devices for effective use of Animal DraughtPower

Devices for harnessing direct Solar Energy

Devices for harnessing Wind Energy

Devices for Efficient Utilization of HydelEnergy at small scale


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Using Dry Biomass by

(a) Direct Combustion (b) Gasification to Producer Gas

Using Wet Biomass for methanation to

Biogas (Waste-to-Energy conversion)

Using Bio-diesel/ethanol as alternative fuelfor engines.


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Typical Examples of Prospective Renewable

Energy Technologies

Coversion of Existing Engines into Biofuel

Engines

Animal Driven Prime Mover for low and

medium speed R.I. Applications Enrichment and Bottling of Biogas for storage,

remote transportation and for automotive use

Low cost Biomass Burners and Gasifiers

Fuel Efficient Pottery Kilns and other Furnaces

Micro-hydel Primemover for power generation

and for variety of R.I. Applications


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THE CONCEPT

Rural Industrial Estate has been visualized as a buildingblock for effective sustainable rural industrialization. Wecan not expect rural industrialization in isolation withouthaving basic infrastructure.

Therefore the concept of Rural Industrial Estate is based onlocal resource utilisation with local manpower forsecondary and tertiary production processes. This localneed based strategy involves local peoples participation

in managing their resources and value addition. Themain advantages can be reaped by pooling theirresources, capabilities, and networking of productionprocess at different levels of the economic activity withability to introduce modern S&T inputs.


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The Gandhian model of 'Gram Swarajya'

provides a sound basis to understand this. The

main parameters of Gandhian model are:

Mode of production should be decentralized facilitate

production by masses', eco-friendly and with use of

local resources.

I should primarily be based on renewable energy as

well as natural resources.

With time it should be helpful on one hand to providestability and sustainable employment to rural masses

and on the other help in regenerating the eco-system

and thus the renewable resources.


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Services expected from the RIE to Rural

Sector Energy supply for domestic and R I purpose using local

renewable energy resources. Provide sanitation service to the cluster, waste-to-energy

conversion and make available bio manures, bio pesticides

Provide necessary central facilities such as a ruralengineering workshop, quality assurance lab, storagefacilities etc needed for the area.

Eco generation of the area including augmentation ofanimal resource, wasteland energy and herbal plantationand waste resource of the area.

Provide marketing support database and training torural entrepreneurs and artisans in the area promotingemployment and stability

Develop selective rural industries as per need forcatering to local needs and for value addition of localproduce for award distribution.


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Major Components of RIE

Energy conversion technologies fordecentralized power and other energyrequirements

Dairy for cowdung and breed improvement

Nursery for waste land development

Set of rural industries for processing locally

available raw materials, Repair, maintenance and service center for

Marketing of products.


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RAW-MATERIAL

PROCUREMENT-STORAGEPRODUCTS

MARKETING

DAIRY FARM

ANDBREEDING CENTRE

ENERGY-

PLANTATION-

WASTE LAND

AFORESTATION

BIO-MANUREPRODUCTION

RURAL ENGG.

and CRAFTS

WORKSHOPS

QUALI

TYTRAINI

NG &

ASSUR

ACNCE

CONSU

LTANC

Y

SERVIC

ES

INTEGRATION, REGULATION, STORAGE

Electrical Thermal Mechanical

Processing of Dry Agro-animal-forest Waste and

woody biomass

Processing of moist

animal/ human/ agro-waste for

Bio-methanation

Bio-liquid fuels (bio-diesel/ethanol) production from

agro-forest waste

POWER-HOUSE with RENEWABLES

Gasifier

Micro-

Hydel/ Wind

(as available)

Solar

collectors

& p-v

Animal

driven

prime-

mover

ADPM

Bio-gas

Services &Employment

ADMN.

OFFICE

SERVICES

V.I.

UTILITIES

COLD-

STORE

CENTRAL

FACITLITIES

V.I. V.I.V.I.

MILK / FOOD PROCESSING AND

OTHER SELECTIVE V.I. UNITS

Local resources from

surrounding

villages/waste

land etc.

Local

resources

from

surrounding

villages

Conceptual design and layout of a typical RIE


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Number of Villages associated with RIE 5

Households Per Village 200

Family members per household 6

Total human Population per village 1200

Cattle per household 2

Total Animal population per village 400 200 ( Dairy )

Geographical area Ha 800 25

Waste Land Ha 240

Availability of wet dung/day Kg 4086 1021

Unit

Information of

a typical

VILLAGE

Information

of a

typical RIE

RIE- Model (Assumptions)


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Dairy and Cattle breeding

center

Dairy is an essential component of RIE. Dairy willprovide a base for supply of raw material

(cowdung) for biogas production, milk fornutrition in villages and processing in ruralindustries. Dairy will consists of 200 cattle, out ofwhich there will be 100 cows, 50 buffalos and 50calves. At a point of time there will be 100milching animals. Average investment on animaldairy and breeding center (Goshala) including thecost on animals is about Rs 25 lakhs. Dairy willalso act as a breed improvement center in the

cluster of villages.


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Energy Conversion Technologies

Based on the local availability of resources, provenrenewable energy technologies are adopted for supply ofelectricity, thermal and mechanical energy.

The basic components of the Energy ConversionTechnologies (ECT) will be biogas plants, gasifier, IC

engines with generators, animal driven prime movers andbiofuels.

About 200 kW of energy generation capacity will beavailable from these sources locally. These can beenhanced depending on the needs of the area and

availability of the locally available sources. The manpowerrequired to drive the system with minimal training are 10to 15.

The investment for the energy conversion technologies toproduce 1 kW power is Rs 45000. The total investment forthe 200 kW is about Rs 90 lakhs.


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Nursery and Wasteland

development:

Most of the villages in our country have 20-40 percentwasteland of their total geographical area.

Wasteland is resource for biomass, fruits and vegetablegeneration.

Regenerated for the production of fuel, fodder, food,fibre.

There is around 1200 Ha of wasteland in the cluster. Outof 1200 Ha of wasteland available in the cluster, about 15

to 20% of wasteland will be utilized for energy plantation . The wasteland will be regenerated with Rs 7000 per ha

investment; the total investment is about Rs14 lakhs.There is a requirement of 50 manpower for energyplantation work. Nursery will be developed in the RIE for

developing saplings.


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Rural Industries

The Rural Industries selected for the employmentgeneration will be need based,

Dairy, Flour mill, Cattle feed, Oil expelling unit, Fruitand Vegetable processing, Engineering work shop etc.

Demand assessed 137 kW power Investment required is about Rs 25 lakhs to start the

industries.

200 kW decentralized energy production unit meets the

demand required to run the rural industries.

The excess power can be utilized as wheeling power forthe households of villages. The total employmentgenerated from the decentralized supply and demand side

strategy is about 100-man power.


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Marketing and Service Centre

To run the RIE there should be sales realization insustained manner for the rural industrial products, aswell as for the products produced in cluster ofvillages.

The products produced should have local marketingstrategy; the RIE can have nodal marketing center (orCooperative society). This society would be a nodalmarketing center for the rural products.

The marketing of these products need quality. Thecenter can also acts as quality assurance facilitycenter for RI products.

Techno Economic parameter of the Rural Industrial Estate Model


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SL

No

Units Specifications/capacity Inputs

available

from RIE

Input from

villages

Output Investment

Rs lakhs

Employment in

Nos

1 Dairy 200 cattle head100 cows

50 Buffaloes50 calves

Cattle feed5 ton/day

Fodder fromwaste land (40

Tons/day)

Dung (2000 kg/day)

Milk (700 lit/day)

25 20

2 Waste land 200 haOil seeds crops (forenergy plantation)

Biomass(3 Tons/day)Non-edible oil seeds (2 Tons/ha)

Biomass for power generation (40kW)Oil seeds for biodiesel production

14 50

3 EnergyConversion

Biogas ( 85 m3 x 4)Gasifier 10 kWx4Solar 3000 lit/day hot

water46 kW from Biodiesel

2000 kg/daydung

4000 kg/day16 Ha of landarea for oil

seed cropping

350 m3 Biogas40 kW Power300 lit/ day hot water

46 kW from biodiesel to engines

90 14

4 RuralIndustries

Man-powerrequirement todrive RIs

Processed Milk for LocalmarketingAgriculturalequipments/instruments

Processed Fruit and vegetable for

marketingEdible and non edible oil formarketing or self usage for powerproductionCattle feed

25 81

Total 154 165

Techno-Economic parameter of the Rural Industrial Estate Model


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CONCLUSIONS

1. The need for developing alternative rural

industrilisation cannot be overemphasized.2. Model should be based on renewable and locally

available energy, material, animal and manpowerresources.

3. Should be eco-friendly and self-generating.4. It established that all the necessary technologies

needed for such a model are presently available; theonly need is to synthesize these into a commercially

viable system.