7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
1/107
INTRODUCTORY SUMMARY
The Ancient Romans were
responsible for signicante!elopments in
engineering" arches# briges#
a$%e%cts# !a%lts# omesb%iling materials "concretecit' planning#
architect%re " T%scan orerCol%mn),
p%blic b%ilings# an militar'facilities(
These incl%e amphitheatres#
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
2/107
INTRODUCTION*+YSICA,-.ATUR.S/
ROM. Ancient Rome islocated in Italy,Europe, near theMediterranean Sea.
Italy is 600 miles longand 150 miles ide.
!he "odies o# aterare the Adriatic Sea,
Ionian Sea, and theMediterranean Sea.!he types o# ri$er is!i"er Ri$er, and %oRi$er
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
3/107
Accoring to m'tholog' Romanci!ili0ation was forme on these!en hills(The se!en hills were rstocc%pie b' small settlementsthat were not gro%pe norrecogni0e as a cit' calle
Rome(The se!en hills1 eni0ens 2began to participate in a seriesof religio%s games# whichbegan to bon the gro%ps(
The cit' of Rome# th%s# cameinto being as these separatesettlements acte as a gro%p#raining the marsh' !alle'sbetween them an t%rning
them into mar3ets "fora&in,atin&(
Schematic map o# se$en hills o# Rome
ncient Rome
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
4/107
ANCI.NT ROM.
the se$en hills o# current Rome,
'$e (the A$entine, aelian, Es*uiline, +uirinal,
and iminal hills) are populated ithmonuments, "uildings, and par-s.
!he apitoline ill no hosts Rome/s city hall,
and the
%alatine ill "elongs to the main archaeologicalarea.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
5/107
-ORMATION/ MOD.RN CONC.*T In the 9th cent%r' 5C# there were Italic
spea3ers :,atins "in the west Sabines
"in the %pper !alle' of the TiberUmbrians "in the north8eastSamnites"in the So%th Oscans an others :share the penins%la with two other
ma;or ethnic gro%ps/ the .tr%scans inthe North# an the
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
6/107
CI?I,I@ATION
Romede$eloped"ecause o# itsS!RA!E2I3&A!I&4 A4
ER!I3E S&I3!he city o#Romeoriginatesas a $illage o#the 3atiniin the7th century 8
.tr%scans
Rome ,ati%m
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
7/107
ROMAN .M*IR./ MOD.RN CONC.*T
Early Rome, ith its Repu"lican
Megistrates, ton council(Senatus) andton meetings (comitia), "y a series o#s'stematic con$%ests created an umpireround the Mediterranean consisting o#
di9erent nationalities accepted as allies.!he Roman empire "ecame a #usionconsisting o# the practical estern idea o#one %ni!ersal societ' in hich all menmight li$e in con#ormity ith Roman la andthe &riental conception o# an Emperor: 2odith a throne:alter demanding a common
worship and loyalty.!his union "eteen the est and the east
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
8/107
MONARC+Y TO R.*U5,ICAN The fo%nation of Rome/ c( B( 5(C(
.tr%scan 3ings B 5(C( E%li%s Caesar 2F844 A%g%st%s GH A D G824 A(D(8888 Un3nown
Nero 8BH8F9 ?espasian FH8H +arian 22829 Septim%s Se!er%s 2HG8G22 The capital# Rome# mo!e to
5'0anti%m b' Constantine8 F8 .n of the western .mpire an
mo!ements of 5arbarians starte 4F A(D(
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
9/107
ROMAN DYNASTYMonarch'/ is a s'stem of go!ernment inwhich so!erenit' is act%all' emboie inone or more persons "3ing& until death or
a"dication.Rep%blic/ is a form of
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
10/107
2eographical conditions
!he protection o# Rome as "uilt 15miles inland on the crest o# se$en hills
co$ered ith #orests o# oa- and chestnut
Alps, Apennines mountains protectedRome, "ut did not isolate it.
InK%encingfactors
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
11/107
Rome gre #rom pastoral(relating to a or- o#priest or teacher gi$ing help and ad$ice onpersonal matters) settlements on the %alatine
hill and surrounding hills appro;imately
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
12/107
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
13/107
IN-,U.NCIN< -ACTORS 2eological condition
!he "uilding materials o# early Italycentered in Etruria.
!he ironas got #rom island o# .lba,copper #rom neigh"ouring islands.
&ther materials used "y them erestoneand timber(
%lenty o# "uilding stone T%fao# $aryingdegree o# hardness as a$aila"le
*eperino, a stone o# $olcanic eruption#rom mount Al"ano is also a$aila"le
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
14/107
Religio%s conitions( Religion was a f%sion of i)erent c%lts b%t was largel'
inK%ence b' .tr%scans# the earl' settelers of ital'( In co%rse time# man' of the Roman
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
15/107
esta > 2oddess o# hearth or sacred 're (esta rose to a high position in the Roman
%antheon and estal $irgins ho loo-ed a#ter
religious rites. in the temple o# $esta, she got much importance
than ordinary priests.) Sol > !he Sun 2od
3una > the Moon 2oddess %an > the god o# ?oc-s
!o mortals:::
ercules: the god o# strength Aescula pius > the god o# healing
orship o# god as entire a matter o# statepolicy
%riesthood as not poer#ul as in Egypt.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
16/107
ROM. IN MYT+O,O
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
17/107
ROM. IN MYT+O,O
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
18/107
Rome timeline
Roman ingom an Rep%blic
753 BCAccording to legend, Romulusfounds Rome.
753509 BCRule of the seven Kings of
Rome.
509 BC Cretion of the Re!u"lic
390 BC#he $uls invde Rome. Rome
sc%ed.
&'()*(' BC !ic%les +unic rs
*(')(( BC
-ocil nd Civil rs.
mergence of /rius, -ull,
+om!e nd Cesr
(( BC 1ulius Cesr ssssinted.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
19/107
.TRUSCAN 6A,,.D TO6NCI?ITADI5A
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
20/107
ARC+IT.CTURA, C+ARACT.R .AR,YROM./B82F 5(C(
"TOM5 P +OUS.S&
@p to the se$enth century 8..there ere no "uildings o#architectural signi'cance in central
Italy. A roc- cut tom" at er$eteri ith
lo alls o# attle and dau", lo
"enches o# earth or ru""le aroundthem and thathed roo# is thee;ample o# architecruralsigni'cance.- tomb of thathed roof
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
21/107
ARC+IT.CTURA, C+ARACT.R .AR,YROM./B82F 5(C(
"TOM5 P +OUS.S&
Roo#s and ceiling "eams ere gi$enintermediate support in the larger
tom"s "y columns hich ta-e a$ariety o# #orms, s*uare, polygonal orcircular in plan, sometimes ?utedand ith a $ariety o# capitals
including crudely cut doric and Ionic.Some o# the later tom"s ha$eatria(open space) ith roo#s sloping
inard to a central opening to drain
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
22/107
ARC+IT.CTURA, C+ARACT.R .AR,YROM./B82F 5(C(
"TOM5 P +OUS.S&
In?uence o# 2ree- traders: thealls ith tim"er and mud "ric-ha$ing large house,
its internal court and li$ingroom #or richer mem"ers o# thecommunity.
It had ?at or sloping car$ed orco9ered ceilings,
car$ed doorays, and coloured
dados around the alls
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
23/107
ARC+IT.CTURA, C+ARACT.R .AR,YROM./B82F 5(C(
"TOM5 P +OUS.S&
In important "uildings, the#acing o#ten co$ered ith
plaster or ith ala"asterand mar"le.
E$ery house had an alter#or #amily gods
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
24/107
ARC+IT.CTUR. IN T+. *RO?INC.S.QAM*,.S
6est part of Rome Maison arree and the amphitheatre in
4imes
!he !heatre in &range %ont u 2ard near Rome
.ast an in North Africa !emple o# upiter at 8aal"e- e;ceeds in
height ith re#erence to 2ree-temples( not in siBe)
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
25/107
ARC+IT.CTURA, C+ARACT.R"T.M*,.S&
@p to se$enth centurytemples ere no more than
sacred enclosure ith simpleopen air alters.!he ordC !emplumC
originally means only aspace on the ground or in thes-y mar-ed out #or the
purpose o# ta-ing omens.(a
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
26/107
ARC+IT.CTURA, C+ARACT.R"T.M*,.S&
!emples ere the enclosure tohouse the 2od or cult image.
!he original name #or thisstructure as simply DaedesC or"uilding.
It as rectangular in plan,raised on a podium and had aider spreading roo# partlysupported "y outer columns.
ARC+IT.CTURA, C+ARACT.R
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
27/107
ARC+IT.CTURA, C+ARACT.R"T.M*,.S&
Site %lan and #orm arrangement o#
temples!he temple "uilding as set at the
"ac- o# the enclosure #acing theentrance and had a "lan- rear all.
An open air alter as retained on thea;is "eteen the #orm o# the temple"uilding and the entrance to the
enclosure.!he a;ial arrangement as
emphasised "y raising the "uilding ona podium, and "y pro$iding entrance
steps only at #ront #acing the alter.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
28/107
ARC+IT.CTURA, C+ARACT.R"T.M*,.S&
@sually the columns ereemployed only at the #ront o#
the "uilding to assist incarrying the roo# o# the porch.
&ccasionally they ere usedat the sides also "ut erene$er carried round the
hole periphery o# the
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
29/107
T.M*,.S
Site is a commandingposition in relation to city
#orum!he alter as set
immediately in #ront o# the
entrance steps A;ial planning
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
30/107
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
31/107
ARC+IT.CTURA, C+ARACT.RT.M*,.S
!he cell as a simple
rectangular room, though it asnot unusual #or there to "e threecells side "y side #or a triad o#
gods. here there as only one cella,
there might "e open ings at
the sides, gi$ing a $ery similarplan.
E;. !emple o# upiter &ptimus
Ma;imus (Etruscan temple)
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
32/107
ARC+IT.CTURA, C+ARACT.R
!he proportions ere shalloer in
comparison to 2reece, ma-ing thehole structure more nearly s*uarein plan. E;. !emple o# upiter&ptimus Ma;imus (Etruscantemple)
Its podium as 5
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
33/107
ARC+IT.CTUR.O*TIMUS
MAQIMUS
8ac- all o# thetemple/s
ront corner o#temple/s
#oundation
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
34/107
E%piter / the s3'
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
35/107
# ( ( 2& /T.M*,.
It is a pseudo:peripteral pro:style he;a styleorder
A cell hich is ha$ing attached hal#:columnsaround the cella.
!he enta"lature ha$ing rich detailing.
ornice ith modillions. !he temple stood on its podium ithin a
#orum surrounded "y porticoes.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
36/107
C.,,A O- MASON CARR..
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
37/107
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
38/107
MAISON CARR..
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
39/107
+A?.N&
A sanct%ar', in its original meaning,is a sacred place, such as a shrine.8y the use o# such places as a sa#eha$en, "y e;tension the term has
come to "e used #or any place o#sa#ety. Some roman temple "uildings ere
set in their on sanctuary precincts
and others at the head o# the #orum.!he use o# sanctuary as not
religious "ut di9erent.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
40/107
SANCTUARI.S
E;. Sanctuary and !emple o#ortuna %rimigenia %alestrina
3arge rectangular precinct on#airly le$el ground. It as ?an-ed on "oth sides
"y ros o# shops. It had a theatre stage and
stepped seating #acing the
centrally placed temple.
*A,.STRINA
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
41/107
*A,.STRINA
The sanct%ar' is constr%cte onse!eral terraces that rise %p a steeperhillsie abo!e the basilica an c%riawitho%t an' interconnection betweenthem(
A c%ria# pl%ral c%riae# is an assembl'#
co%ncil# or co%rt# in which p%blic#oLcial# or religio%s iss%es areisc%sse an ecie( In ancientRome# the pop%lace was i!ie into
c%riae# which met in orer to
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
42/107
SANCTUARY AT*A,.STRINA There are se!en terraces in all#
connecte b' steep Kights ofsteps#
Thir an fo%rth b' long rampsthat climb from each sie tomeet the centre(
The fth an siJth terraces areface b' porticoes which once
containe shops(
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
43/107
SANCTUARY AT*A,.STRINA
SiJth terrace ha three porticosin sies an bac3 In the centre of the rear porticoes
a Kight of steps leas to the small
semicirc%lar top terrace( This ser!e as the orchestra for
the theatre# an was s%rro%neb' steppe seating(
-i ll h f h
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
44/107
SANCTUARY AT*A,.STRINA
-inall'# at the top of theseating#a semicirc%lar #o%ble portico frame a
ro%n temple# which wasthe climaJ of the wholegran composition(
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
45/107
-ORUMS &riginally an irregularly shaped open
space ser$ing as mar-et, generalmeeting place and the setting #orpolitical discussion anddemonstration.
Multipurpose space, hemmed in "yunplanned groups o# dellings, shopsand or- shops.
ormal rectangle closed at one end "ya temple or secred enclosure.
&n other side it ould "e largely
surrounded " colonnades and u"lic
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
46/107
-ORUM O- CA.SAR AND T.M*,. O- ?.NUS
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
47/107
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
48/107
,AT. R.*U5,ICAN AND .AR,YIM*.RIA, ROM. G 5(C( ON6ARDS
Introduction o# ne types o#"uildings such as "aths, "asilicasand places o# pu"lic
entertainment.(apart #rom #orumand temples)
Introduction o# ne proportionsrelating to the use o# di9erentmaterials
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
49/107
ARC+IT.CTURA,C+ARACT.R !im"er as replaced "y stone &penings ere made narroer and
spanned "y arches
al# columns ere placed in #ront o# allcontaining the openings and thesem"lance o# an enta"lature asconstructed "eteen them and a"o$e
the arch "y means o# "loc-s o# stoneproGecting #orards #rom the all !he arched openings in the all ere
#ramed "y the columns and
enta"lature , and the order "ecame
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
50/107
,AT. R.*U5,ICAN AND .AR,YIM*.RIA, ROM. G 5(C( ON6ARDS
!he adoption o# the classical2ree- orders: orinthian
!he com"ination o# theseorders ith an arched #ormo# construction
idespread use o# $aultedand domed #orms.(groin$ault)
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
51/107
5ASI,ICA
!he "asilica as one o# 'rstlarge scale roman "uildingtypes in hich the interiortoo- precedence o$er thee;terior.
It as in one scene a smallenclosed #orum surrounded "yits on colonnades or stoas.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
52/107
5ASI,ICA /EU
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
53/107
5ASI,ICA
Its central space usuallyrectangular li-e the #orumhad a trussed tim"er roo#and as open at the sides toloer aisles "ehind the
colonnades 3ight #re*uently came #rom
clerestory indos a"o$e
the colonnades and there
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
54/107
5ASI,ICA!he most specialiBed use o#
"asilica as #or dispersing o#Gustice #or hich purpose there
as o#ten an apse opening o9 thecentre o# one side or o# one endo# the central rectangle.
E;. 8asilica o# %ompeii hich may indicate that the #orm
came to Rome #rom ampegna.
5ASI,ICAS
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
55/107
5ASI,ICAS 8asilica, %ompeii
Rectangular hall a"out 6m;5mithout any apse "ut ith a tri"unal atthe #ar end.
A single order o# tall Ionic columns
(made o# "ric-s) ran around all sidesinternally, presuma"ly to carry a tim"erroo#.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
56/107
ARC+IT.CTURA,
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
57/107
ARC+IT.CTURA,D.?.,O*M.NT Alongside these de$elopments , there
ere #urther changes in ton planningand in housing.
!he "eginning made "y Augustus on theconstruction o# a ne #orum in Romeas carried #urther 'rst "y 4ero andthen most nota"ly "y !raGan to gi$e therelated and almost #rom the olosseumto the #oot o# the capitol.
As part o# !raGanCs contri"ution, Romeac*uired "oth its largest "asilica and its
'nest mar-et comple;.
ARC+IT.CTURA, D.?.,O*M.NT INT.RIOR D.SI
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
58/107
ARC+IT.CTURA, D.?.,O*M.NT INT.RIOR D.SI
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
59/107
ARC+IT.CTURA, D.?.,O*M.NTINT.RIOR D.SI
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
60/107
5AT+S Series o# rooms o# $ery di9erent #orms
re?ecting their uses in the "athingse*uences, hich progressed #rom acold plunge to a arm room and then a
hot room. !he rooms ere compactly grouped
together, seemingly ithout anyattempt at 'rst to produce anarchitecturally meaning#ul ensem"le.
8ath o# erculaneum, "ath o# aracalla,"ath o# !raGan, "ath o# iocletian hich
as con$erted into church o# S. Maria
T+.RMA. O- CARACA,,A
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
61/107
T+.RMA. O- CARACA,,A#ROM. The Caracalla bath compleJ of
b%ilings was more a leis%recentre than ;%st a series of
baths( The =baths= were thesecon to ha!e a p%blic librar'within the compleJ( ,i3e otherp%blic libraries in Rome# there
were two separate an e$%alsi0e rooms or b%ilings one for
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
62/107
T+.RMA.CARAC.,,A#
ROM.
Stands on a plat#orm 0 #t high containingstore rooms, #urnaces, hypocausts and hot:air
ducts.
T+.RMA. CARAC.,,A
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
63/107
T+.RMA. CARAC.,,A The baths consiste of a central-rigiari%m"col room& meas%ring BB( b'
G4 metres "29JH ft& %ner three
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
64/107
The libraries were locate in eJeraeon the east an west sies of the
bath compleJ( The entire north wallof the compleJ was e!ote to shops(
The reser!oirs on the so%th wall ofthe compleJ were fe with water
from the Mercian A$%e%ct( !he A$%a Marciaas the longest o# the
11a*ueducts that supplied the city o#ancient Rome.
!he still:#unctioning Ac*ua elice #rom1576 runs on long stretches along theroute o# the A*ua Marcia. !he Ac$%a-eliceis one o# the
modern(1576)a*ueducts o# Rome
Thermae Caracella# Rome
+Y*OCAU
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
65/107
ST
A h'poca%st ",atinhypocaustum& was anancient Roman s'stem of%nerKoor heating# %seto heat ho%ses with hotair( The wor eri!es fromthe Ancient
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
66/107
Calari%m /This was the hottest room in thereg%lar se$%ence of bathing rooms after thecalari%m# bathers wo%l progress bac3
thro%gh the tepiari%m to the frigiari%m(
The tepiari%m was the warm "tepidus&bathroom of Roman 5aths heate b' a
h'poca%st or %nerKoor heating s'stem(Thespecialt' of a tepiari%m is the pleasantfeeling of constant raiant heat which irectl'a)ects the h%man bo' from the walls anKoor(
A frigiari%m is a large col pool at the Romanbaths( It wo%l be entere after the calari%man the tepiari%m# which were %se to open
the pores of the s3in( The col water wo%l
CO,OSS.UM ROM.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
67/107
CO,OSS.UM ROM.
!he Colosse%malso -non as
the -la!ian Amphitheatre, isan o$al Amphitheatre in thecentre o# the city o# Rome, Italy.
8uilt o# concrete and stone, it isthe largest amphitheatre e$er"uilt and is considered one o#
the greatest or-s o#architecture and engineering.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
68/107
CO,OSS.UM ROM.!he olosseum is situated Gust east o#
the Roman orum. onstruction "eganunder the emperor ?espasianin A, and as completed in 70 Aunder his successor and heir Tit%s.urther modi'cations ere madeduring the reign o# Domitian (71T=6).
!hese three emperors are -non asthe la$ian dynasty, and theamphitheatre as named in 3atin #orits association ith their #amily name.
CO,OSS.UM ROM.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
69/107
CO,OSS.UM ROM.!he olosseum could hold, it is
estimated, "eteen 50,000 and 70,000spectators, ha$ing an a$erageaudience o# some 65,000 it as used#or gladiatorial contests and pu"licspectacles such as moc- sea "ettles,animal hunts, e;ecutions, re:enactments o# #amous "attles, and
dramas "ased on classical mythology.!he "uilding ceased to "e used #orentertainment in the early medie$al
era. It as later reused #or such
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
70/107
CO,OSS.UM ROM.
ORD.R
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
71/107
!here are three distinct orders in Ancient 2ree- architecture> oric,Ionic, and orinthian. !hese three ere adopted "y the Romans, homodi'ed their capitals. !he Roman adoption o# the 2ree- orders too-
place in the 1st century 8. !he three Ancient 2ree- orders ha$esince "een consistently used in neo:classicalEuropean architecture.8oth the oric and the Ionic order appear to ha$e originated inood.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
72/107
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
73/107
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
74/107
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
75/107
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
76/107
ORD.RS8CORINT+IAN Mar- ilson ones, ho 'nds that the ratio o# total
column height to column:sha#t height is in a 6>5ratio, so that, secondarily, the #ull height o# columnith capital is o#ten a multiple o# 6 Roman #eet hilethe column height itsel# is a multiple o# 5. In its
proportions, the orinthian column is similar to theionic column, though it is more slender, and standsapart "y its distincti$e car$ed capital. !hea"acus upon the capital has conca$e sides tocon#orm to the outscrolling corners o# the capital,
and it may ha$e a rosette at the center o# each side.orinthian columns ere erected on the top le$el o#the Roman olosseum, holding up the least eight,and also ha$ing the slenderest ratio o# thic-ness toheight. !heir height to idth ratio is a"out 10>1.U
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthian_orderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthian_order7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
77/107
CORINT+IAN ORD.R &ne $ariant is the !i$oli &rder, #ound at
the !emple o# esta , !i$oli. !he !i$oli &rder/s orintinan apital has
to ros o# Acusthus its a"acus is decorated ith o$ersiBe
?euron in the #orm o# hi"iscus ?oersith pronounced spiral pistils.
!he column ?utes ha$e ?at tops. !he#rieBe e;hi"its #ruitsag(moti#) suspended "eteen8ucrania. A"o$e each sag is a rosette.
!he cornice does not ha$e modillions.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
78/107
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
79/107
AU.DUCTS
Roman a*ueduct#rom %ools o#
Solomon toerusalem.
!he A*ueducts o#Sago$ia, Spain
*ONT DU
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
80/107
*ONT DU
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
81/107
CIRCUS.S/ CIRCUSMAQIMUS
!he Circ%s MaJim%s(3atin#or greatestor largest circus, in Italian
Circo Massimo) is an ancient Romanchariot racingstadiumandmass entertainment $enue located in Rome, Italy. Situated in the$alley "eteen the A$entineand %alatinehills, it as the 'rst andlargest stadium in ancient Romeand its later Empire. It measured61 m (,0
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
82/107
CIRCUS MAQIMUS
!he ircus Ma;imus as sited on the
le$el ground o# the alley o#Murcia (Vallis Murcia), "eteen Rome/sA$entine and %alatine ills. In Rome/s
early days, the $alley ould ha$e "eenrich agricultural land, prone to ?ooding#rom the ri$er !i"er and the streamhich di$ided the $alley. !he stream as
pro"a"ly "ridged at an early date, at theto points here the trac- had to crossit, and the earliest races ould ha$e
"een held ithin an agricultural
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
83/107
T+.ATR. @sually constructed on le$el ground Raised stage set in #ront o# it as
"ac-ed "y a tall structure,
e;tending #rom one side o# theauditorium to the other.
In Asia Minor and in Syria and mosto# 4orth A#rica the theatres hadproGecting roo# o$er the stage andan aning to gi$e some #urthershade #rom sun glare and heat
,SYRIA
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
84/107
SYRIA
IM*.RIA, ROM.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
85/107
IM*.RIA, ROM. Replan large areas ith straight
"road streets @se o# tim"er as $irtually
prohi"ited
%rincipal alls and ?oors at leastere made o# concrete.
%orticos ere made up o# 're
resistant materials E;. A"andoned port ton o#
ostia
IM*.RIA, ROM.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
86/107
IM*.RIA, ROM.
Ros o# arches ere carried on tall
slender piers onstruction o# last large "asilica in
the capitol 8asilica 4o$a.
It as "egun "y Ma;entius andcompleted "y constentine
3arge rectangular groin $aulted hall
that had pre$iously ser$ed as thecentral hall: the rigidarium:o# thegreat "ath comple;es.
Its e;terior $irtually loo-s a top
IM*.RIA, ROM.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
87/107
IM*.RIA, ROM.
,AT.R IM*.RIA, ROM.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
88/107
,AT.R IM*.RIA, ROM."ADB4829& 4ero to adrian Spatial planning oncrete # or $aulting
Interior decoration "egan at this time E;terior as usually relati$ely plain and
unadorned apart #rom a #acing o# stuccoor mar"le
%antheon presented e;ternally acompletely un"ro-en all sur#ace apart#rom the portico
8aths all sur#aces ere "ro-en "y ros
o# indo o enin s in a rh thmic
,AT.R IM*.RIA, ROM.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
89/107
,AT.R IM*.RIA, ROM."ADB4829& %u"lic or-s Roads, 8ridges
a*educts
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
90/107
5RID
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
91/107
D.-.NC. 6A,,S AND
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
92/107
+I**ODROM. ippodrome o# omitian or Stadium
(160 ; F7 m). !his is a structure hichhas the appearance o# a Roman ircusand hose name means ircus in2ree-, "ut is too small to accommodate
chariots. ippodromes ere originallyareas #or e;ercising horses, "ut later inRome, ippodrome as used todescri"e elongated rectangular gardens.It can also "e descri"ed as a 2ree-Stadium that is a $enue #or #oot races.oe$er, its e;act purpose is disputed.
hile it is certain that during the
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
93/107
AM*+IT+.ATR. Similar as theatre It as theatre in the round, ith its
seating completely encompassing thecentral arena.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
94/107
*ORTICO ?I,,A 8lan- street #aZade Rooms to either side ere let o# as shops aZade opened into another court alays
unroo#ed and uses as a garden
!his as surrounded "y colonnades (peristyle) And more pri$ate rooms. Sites #acing the sea 2ood $ie o# surrounding landscaping
&pen plan Mar"le #or columns alls ere pained #resco decoration applied to
se$eral successi$e coats o# stucco.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
95/107
+OUS.S %eople li-e to li$e near a"out the central
district or #orum so e 'nd congestionin central district around #orum in Rome
roed tenements se$eral storeys highand constructed ith tim"er #rames andmud "ric- alls
ire and structural collapse seem toha$e "een common until the great 'reo# A 6F re"uilding in a moresu"stantial manner.
,ime concrete/It was forme b' means of stones an
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
96/107
It was forme b' means of stones anmortar which ha the importantgraient po00olana#The po00olana is a !olcanic earth# wasrail' a!ailable near *o00%oli# a !illagenear mo%nt ?is%!i%s in Ital' an hence
ac$%ire the name po00olana(This po00olana was s%bstit%te for sanan was miJe with lime to pro%cemortar of !er' goo strength an it has
the propert' of setting e!en %nerwater(The proportions of the ingreients!arie epening %pon the nat%re of
wor3(
*ANT+.ON# ROM.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
97/107
#A(D(2298C(2G9
ANCI.NT
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
98/107
ANCI.NT
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
99/107
%A4!E&4 AS &RIE4!E AE 4&R!,I! A 3&42 8EE4 !&@2! !A! !E @RRE4! 8@I3I42 AS8@I3! 8Y A2RI%%A, I! 3A!ER A3!ERA!I&4S @4ER!A[E4, A4
!IS AS I4 %AR! 8EA@SE & !E I4SRI%!I&4 &4 !E R&4! &!E !EM%3E %A4!E&4 & A2RI%%A A 8EE4 &M%3E!E3YES!R&YE E\E%! &R !E A]AE. 3ISE E!3A4 AR2@ES !A!!E %RESE4! &4S!R@!I&4 8E2A4 I4 11F, @4ER !RAA4, &@RYEARS A!ER I! AS ES!R&YE 8Y IRE &R !E SE&4 !IME(&R&S. .1). SE REE\AMI4E ER8ER! 83&/S 1=5= %A%ER,!E %A4!E&4 & A2RI%%A AS 8EE4 E&RA!E 8Y I&2E4ES
& A!E4S, A4 !E ARYA!IES, 8Y IM, I &RM !E&3@M4S & !A! !EM%3E, ARE 3&&[E @%&4 AS MAS!ER%IEES& E\E33E4E> !E SAME, !&&, I! !E S!A!@ES !A! ARE%3AE @%&4 !E R&&, A4 !A! &4E & 3E&%A!RA/S %EAR3SAS @! I4 A3 S& !A! EA A3 XMI2! SERE AS %E4A4!S&R !E EARS & E4@S, I4 !E %A4!E&4 A! R&ME
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
100/107
A2RI%%AI4ISE !E &4S!R@!I&4 & !E8@I3I42 A33E !E %A4!E&4. I! AS !IS 4AME,%ERA%S 8EA@SE I! REEIE AM&42 !E IMA2ESI E&RA!E I! !E S!A!@ES & MA4Y 2&S,I43@I42 MARS A4 E4@S^ 8@! MY &4 &%I4I&4& !E 4AME IS !A!, 8EA@SE & I!S A@3!E
R&&, I! RESEM83ES !E EAE4S. CASSIUS I! "IS#!$% !& $!M' *+,*+SI4E !E RE4AISSA4E !E %A4!E&4 AS 8EE4@SE AS A!&M8. AM&42 !&SE 8@RIE !ERE ARE!E %AI4!ERSRA%AE3SA4_I& A @R8I4& A4A44I8A3E ARRAI, !E &M%&SER ARA42E3&&RE33I, A4 !E ARI!E!8A3ASSARE %ER@__I.
RE4AISSA4E>%&%E @R8A4 III (16
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
101/107
RE4AISSA4E>%&%E @R8A4 III(16
ME3!E &4. M&S! & !E 8R&4_EAS @SE !& MA[E8&M8ARS&R!E &R!IIA!I&4 & AS!E3SA4!/A42E3&, I! !E REMAI4I42AM&@4! @SE 8Y !EA%&S!&3I AMERA&R ARI&@S&!ER &R[S.I! IS A3S& SAI !A! !E 8R&4_EAS @SE 8Y 8ER4I4II4 REA!I42 IS
AM&@S 8A3AI4A8&E !E I2A3!AR& S!. %E!ER/S 8ASI3IAM&ER4> !& [I42S & I!A3YARE8@RIE I4 !E %A4!E&4> I!!&RI&EMA4@E3E IIA4 @M8ER!& I, AS E33
AS @M8ER!&/S +@EE4, MAR2ERI!A.
!E %&R IS EI2! &3@M4 S IE A4 !REE EE%
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombard_(weapon)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castel_Sant'Angelohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castel_Sant'Angelohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_Camerahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berninihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter's_Basilica_baldachinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter's_Basilicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margherita_of_Savoyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margherita_of_Savoyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter's_Basilicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter's_Basilica_baldachinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berninihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_Camerahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castel_Sant'Angelohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castel_Sant'Angelohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombard_(weapon)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
102/107
!E %&R IS EI2! &3@M4 S IE A4 !REE EE%,!E @43@!E M&4&3Y!I &3@M4S & E2Y%!IA42RA4I!E ARE 1FM I2. !E 8ASE IS 1.5M A4 !E !&%IS 1.
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
103/107
.I
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
104/107
CORINT+IAN CA*ITA,S CARRY T+..NTA5U,ATUR. 6+IC+ MARS T+.DI?ISION 5.T6..N T+. T6OSTOR.YS(
A5O?. T+. N.QT STOR.Y IS T+.DOM.# 6IT+ A ,AR
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
105/107
T+. SUAR. CO--.RS AR. D.SI
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
106/107
ATTIC AND T+.R. AR. A,SO +IDD.N?OIDS(A5O?. T+. ,.?., O- T+. +I
7/23/2019 roman architecture-students.pptx
107/107
Dion'si%s of
+alicarnass%s/F 5C after 5C&was a