ROCK TYPES & NAMESIgneous MetamorphicSedimentary
Igneous Rocks
Extrusive
Intrusive
Igneous rock is formed by magma (molten rock) cooling and becoming solid.
Metamorphic
Foliated
Non Foliated
Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of any existing rock type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism which means "change in form". The protolith is subjected to heat and pressure causing profound physical and/or chemical change.
Sedimentary
Physically weathered
Chemically weathered
Sedimentary rock is a type of rock that is formed by sedimentation of material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral and/or organic particles to settle and accumulate or minerals to precipitate from a solution.
Igneous EXTRUSIVE
Basalt
scoria
Welded Tuff
• Igneous rocks are also formed when volcanoes erupt, causing the magma to rise above the earth's surface. When magma appears above the earth, it is called lava. Igneous rocks are formed as the lava cools above ground, Through PYROCLASTIC (explosive) activity or FLOW.
• Note: typically pyroclastics occur in felsic volcanism, Flow occurs in mafic volcanoes.
PumiceObsidian
Igneous INTRUSIVE• Underground, they are formed when the melted rock, called magma, deep
within the earth becomes trapped in small pockets. As these pockets of magma cool slowly underground, the magma becomes igneous rocks.
• Note: rough crystalline texture!
GRANITE (Felsic- light)Gabbro (Mafic-Dark)
Dirotie- felsic/mafic
Sedimentary “1”Chrysocolla Breccia
Navajo Sandstone
coal
Sedimentary “2”
• Chemical deposits and Evaporites
Rock saltLimestone
Metamorphic FOLIATEDPhyllite
Schist
Thin section
Marble
Metamorphic NONFOLIATED
Anthracite coal
Thin sectionQuartzite
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