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Rise of Napoleon
Kagan Ch 19
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Topics
I. Napoleon comes to power
II. Napoleon builds an Empire
III. The Continental System
IV. A Brief return
V. The Congress of Vienna
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I. Napoleon comes to power
A. Effect of the Reign of Terror
B. Defender of the Revolution
C. The Consulate (1799-1804)
D. Establishing the Dynasty
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A. Effect of the Reign of Terror
• People had come to fear the Revolution– Committee on Public Safety– Violence of the radicals (sans cullottes)
• The Directorate forms– Council of 5 who would rule with 2 larger
assemblies– They established order, but were corrupt
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B. Defender of the Revolution
• Oct. 1795: Royalists try to take power– Foment riots
• Napoleon defends the National Convention– A “Whiff
of Grapeshot”
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C. The Consulate (1799-1804)
• 1799 Napoleon dissolves the legislature– Napoleon is made First Consul– Establishes Constitution of Year XIII– Restored stability and effective government– The Napoleonic Code– Concordat with the Catholic Church– Ended influence of the nobility
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D. Establishing the Dynasty
• In 1804 a Plebiscite elected Napoleon as First Consul
• Transforms France from a Republic to an Empire
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Napoleon Crowned Emperor 1804
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II. Napoleon builds an Empire
A. Invasion of Egypt
B. Battle of Trafalgar
C. Victories in Central Europe
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A. Invasion of Egypt
• Napoleon wanted to defeat Britain
• Indirect attack at Egypt– To strangle British trade from Asia
• Huge failure
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B. Battle of Trafalgar
• Third Coalition : Britain, Austria and Russia
• French fail to defeat British for control of the Sea– Britain saved from an invasion– Lord Nelson is Killed – British naval dominance protected
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Trafalgar 1805
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C. Victories in Central Europe
• Austria and Russia defeated at Austerlitz
• Napoleon gains control of Italy
• Gains half of Prussia
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III. The Continental System
A. Conflict with Britain
B. The Peninsular War
C. War with Russia
D. Battle of Leipzig 1813
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A. Conflict with Britain
• France dominated Europe
• Hoped to cripple British economy by denying trade
• Needed Russian Support
• Led to the Continental System– Deny British Trade– Hurt France and Europe more
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B. The Peninsular War
• Spain resented French Rule– France’s anti Catholic positions
• Spain fought a Guerrilla war– Supported by British
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Peninsular War 1808-1813
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C. War with Russia
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Invasion of Russia
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Alexander I of Russia
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Battle of Leipzig 1813 Napoleon defeated
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IV. A Brief Return
A. The Return from Elbe
B. The Battle of Waterloo
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A. The Return from Elbe
• Coalition brought back Bourbon king
• Became very unpopular
• March 1st, 1815, Napoleon escapes from Elba
• People rushed to Napoleons side
• His army became immense
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Waterloo 1815
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• Napoleon will be imprisoned on St. Helena where he will die in 1821
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V. The Congress of Vienna: 1815
A. Checking the power of France
B. Restoring the Old Order
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A. Checking the power of France
• Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia all wanted to check the power of France– Quadruple alliance– Nations around France were strengthened
• Power was also balanced to prevent any one power from dominating Europe– An emphasis on stability and peace
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B. Restoring the Old Order
• Conservatives:– French Revolution was entirely bad
• Liberalism:– Principles were good, but the violence was
bad
• Radicalism:– By any means necessary to achieve the
principles
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Closure…
• Napoleon emerges as the savior of the Revolution.
• Napoleon extends enlightenment ideas but as an emperor.
• Nationalism emerges as a response to French power.
• Congress of Vienna established a new balance of Power in Europe
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Invasion of Russia
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The European Coalition