• Elizabeth I• Protestant• Who Succeed?No Children Lots of debt to who wouldfollow
Elizabeth dies in 1603 noheir
Stuarts
• James VI (James I) son of Mary Queen of Scots• “Wisest fool in Christendom”• Believed in “Divine Right of Kings”• Anglican• King James Bible• “Mayflower”• “Gun Powder Plot” November 5 1605
• James dies• Charles 1st Any Problems with Parliament?• Believes in Divine Right of Kings• Married Catholic• $$$$ Problem• Sent people to jail• Parliament issued Petition of
the Right
• Petition of the Right– No taxes w/o Parliaments OK– No Martial Law– No Quartering of Soldiers in
peace time– No imprisonment w/o charges
• Charles signs it and continues to TAX• House of Commons gets upset• Parliament Dissolved by King• 11 years w/o Parliament• Economy improved and people mad• “To Catholic”• King= Tyrant
• King tried people in Royal Courts• Take away civil liberties• No Jury , One Judge loyal to King• “Star Chamber”– Try and convict anyone (mostly Puritans and critics)– Even the gentry lost right of no corporal punishment• People saw him as an absolute ruler.
• Charles goes after worship in Scotland• Presbyterianism = John Calvin• They saw this to Catholic control• Loyal to Church before loyal to king• Scots raised army• Charles need more funds to fight • Calls Parliament back into session
• Parliament tick, Air grievance• Charles fires them again• Scots beat the TRASH out of England• In 1640 calls Parliament back into
session.
English Civil WAR1640 Long Parliament
Puritan control
Limit power of KingNot allow King to Dissolve Parliamentchanges several tax laws of Kingabolished the Star Chamber
Executed advisors of king
IRISH PROBLEM
England has best land in IrelandRoman Catholics in Ireland get worst stuff1641 Irish rebelProtestants scared of IrishNeed ARMYParliament not trust Charles I to leadPut army in power of ParliamentCharles leads his troops to put down situation
CavaliersSupport CharlesAnglican and CatholicNobles Leader needs to be King
RoundheadsSupport ParliamentPuritanLeader should be Oliver Cromwell
VS.
Charles Defeated in 1645
Fled to Scotland
Scots turn him over to Puritans
Charles escapes
Charles defeated again 1647
1649 Cromwell and Puritians trial for treason
Parliament under Cromwell
Abolish Monarchy
Commonwealth
Tried Charles for Treason
Charles found guilty one vote
1649 Charles Executed
Never had king been tried in Public and executed
Oliver Cromwell
Believed in God put him in power
Suppresses dissidents=HARSHLY
Wanted a Republic style government
Written constitution in 1653Instrument of GovernmentFirst written constitutionLORD PROTECTOR
People not happy and could do nothing about it* Army?* $$$$$?* Opposition not organization
Cromwell improved economy and trade
Lead to conflicts with Dutch* Navigation Act
Lead to prestige and improved commerce
Republic Failed
Parliament argued with CromwellParliament Dissolved1660 people of England not happyPeople of England want a king
Asked Charles II (son of Charles I)Parade
The "merry Monarch"Restoration of Monarchy
used Parliament unlike DAD
Parliament passed HABEAUS CORPUS
Loves FUN
Puritans TickedProblem = No Legitimate kids
Rule would fall to brother James !!Catholic
Charles Dies
James believes in Royal Absolutism
James has two Protestant daughters then a Catholic son
Appointing Catholics to high positions
England scared of a Catholic line of kings
Ask Mary and her husband William if they would rule
Glorious Revolution1688 15,000 troops land in England
James Abdicates without a fight
No one dies in Change
At Coronation William and Mary promised to work with Parliament
Bill of Rights – things king cannot do
Parliament come into power
King and Parliament had to work together
Cabinet created to help king – appointed by Parliament