Mosaic (from Pella, Macedonia)Mosaic (from Pella, Macedonia)TESSERAE: The individual chips in a mosaicTESSERAE: The individual chips in a mosaic
EphesusEphesus
Pergamon: Acropolis—ALTAR OF ZEUS Pergamon: Acropolis—ALTAR OF ZEUS
Giants: Primeval, cthonic monstersGiants: Primeval, cthonic monsters““Gigantomachy”Gigantomachy”
Pergamon: ASCLEPION Pergamon: ASCLEPION Asclepius: Healing god Asclepius: Healing god
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLDSEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD
1.1. GREAT PYRAMID(S?)GREAT PYRAMID(S?) of EGYPTof EGYPT
Still standingStill standing
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLDSEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD
1.1. GREAT PYRAMID(S?)GREAT PYRAMID(S?) of EGYPTof EGYPT2. HANGING GARDENS2. HANGING GARDENS of BABYLONof BABYLON
King Nebuchadnezzar IIKing Nebuchadnezzar II
Destroyed—date unknownDestroyed—date unknown
No trace has ever been foundNo trace has ever been found
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLDSEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD
1.1. GREAT PYRAMID(S?)GREAT PYRAMID(S?) of EGYPTof EGYPT2. HANGING GARDENS2. HANGING GARDENS of BABYLONof BABYLON3. STATUE OF ZEUS3. STATUE OF ZEUS at OLYMPIAat OLYMPIA
Move to ConstantinopleMove to Constantinople
Destroyed in a fire—462 ADDestroyed in a fire—462 AD
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLDSEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD
1.1. GREAT PYRAMID(S?)GREAT PYRAMID(S?) of EGYPTof EGYPT2. HANGING GARDENS2. HANGING GARDENS of BABYLONof BABYLON3. STATUE OF ZEUS3. STATUE OF ZEUS at OLYMPIAat OLYMPIA4. THE MAUSOLEUM 4. THE MAUSOLEUM (of MAUSOLUS)(of MAUSOLUS)
Destroyed by 1522 ADDestroyed by 1522 ADafter the Knights of St.after the Knights of St.John use the stones to John use the stones to build their fortress.build their fortress.
Destroyed—Christians, 401 ADDestroyed—Christians, 401 AD
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD: SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD: TEMPLE of ARTEMIS at EPHESUS TEMPLE of ARTEMIS at EPHESUS
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLDSEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD
1.1. GREAT PYRAMID(S?)GREAT PYRAMID(S?) of EGYPTof EGYPT2. HANGING GARDENS2. HANGING GARDENS of BABYLONof BABYLON3. STATUE OF ZEUS3. STATUE OF ZEUS at OLYMPIAat OLYMPIA4. THE MAUSOLEUM 4. THE MAUSOLEUM (of MAUSOLUS)(of MAUSOLUS)5. TEMPLE of ARTEMIS5. TEMPLE of ARTEMIS at EPHESUSat EPHESUS6. THE COLOSSUS of6. THE COLOSSUS of RHODESRHODES
Destroyed—sold as scrap byDestroyed—sold as scrap byArab merchants 654 ADArab merchants 654 AD
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLDSEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD
1.1. GREAT PYRAMID(S?)GREAT PYRAMID(S?) of EGYPTof EGYPT2. HANGING GARDENS2. HANGING GARDENS of BABYLONof BABYLON3. STATUE OF ZEUS3. STATUE OF ZEUS at OLYMPIAat OLYMPIA4. THE MAUSOLEUM 4. THE MAUSOLEUM (of MAUSOLUS)(of MAUSOLUS)5. TEMPLE of ARTEMIS5. TEMPLE of ARTEMIS at EPHESUSat EPHESUS6. THE COLOSSUS of6. THE COLOSSUS of RHODESRHODES7. THE LIGHTHOUSE of7. THE LIGHTHOUSE of ALEXANDRIAALEXANDRIA
Destroyed by Sultan in 1480 AD; stone used for fortifications Destroyed by Sultan in 1480 AD; stone used for fortifications
ETRUSCANS:ETRUSCANS:Cental Italy, Cental Italy, Tuscany (Etruria) Tuscany (Etruria)
Apollo of VeiiApollo of Veiisculpted by Vulca of Veii?sculpted by Vulca of Veii?
Etruscan sculptureEtruscan sculpture
RomeRome
VERISTIC (Topographical)VERISTIC (Topographical)
Blunt, unidealized portraits,Blunt, unidealized portraits,intended to convey intended to convey Republican virtues through Republican virtues through physiognomyphysiognomy(the study of the face):(the study of the face):--seriousness--seriousness--experience--experience--loyalty--loyalty--determination--determination
Rome: Republican-era sculptureRome: Republican-era sculpture
BATTLE OF ACTIUM (31 BC) BATTLE OF ACTIUM (31 BC)
Naval Battle, Ionian SeaNaval Battle, Ionian Sea
Octavian vs. combined Octavian vs. combined forces of Marc Antony and forces of Marc Antony and Cleopatra (Egyptian Cleopatra (Egyptian Ptolomeic Queen)Ptolomeic Queen)
Octavian: adopted son of Octavian: adopted son of Julius CaesarJulius Caesar
Caesarion: son of Julius Caesarion: son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra; Marc Caesar and Cleopatra; Marc Antony, aligned with Antony, aligned with Cleopatra, tried to promote Cleopatra, tried to promote Caesarion as the true heir of Caesarion as the true heir of CaesarCaesar
27 BC:27 BC:AUGUSTUS AUGUSTUS (“Supreme(“SupremeRuler”) Ruler”)
Roman Empire Roman Empire
OctavianOctavian AugustusAugustus
Octavian: Changes his name to AugustusOctavian: Changes his name to Augustus
Greek idealism: Greek idealism: generic generic (the perfectibility (the perfectibility of human nature)of human nature)
Roman idealism: Roman idealism: specific (highly specific (highly propagandistic)propagandistic)
Rome: Imperial sculpture Rome: Imperial sculpture
Greece:Greece:DoryphorosDoryphoros
Rome: AugustusRome: Augustus
Rome: Imperial sculpture Rome: Imperial sculpture
Augustus of Prima Porta Augustus of Prima Porta
Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima PortaRome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta
Ideal:Ideal:genericgenericideaidea
Ideal:Ideal:specificspecific
individualindividual
Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima PortaRome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta
Cupid: Son of Venus; Cupid: Son of Venus; father of Aeneas father of Aeneas
Dolphin: Symbol of Venus; Dolphin: Symbol of Venus; born from the sea born from the sea
Julio-Claudian line:Julio-Claudian line:Claimed to be Claimed to be
descended descended from Aeneasfrom Aeneas
Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)
Parthian Parthian
Standard Standard
Roman soldier Roman soldier
Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)
Caelus: canopy of the sky Caelus: canopy of the sky
Moon: descending Moon: descending Sun: ascending Sun: ascending
Apollo: sun Apollo: sun Diana: moon Diana: moon
Mother Earth figure with Mother Earth figure with cornucopia (horn of cornucopia (horn of plenty): Wealth and plenty): Wealth and
bounty of the new age bounty of the new age that is dawning that is dawning
Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)
Return of standards signifies Return of standards signifies the dawn of a new era under of the dawn of a new era under of pride and patriotism under pride and patriotism under Augustus, which will lead to Augustus, which will lead to Roman prosperity.Roman prosperity.
Ara Pacis AugustaeAra Pacis Augustae
Ara: altarAra: altarPacis: peacePacis: peace
Augustae: AugustanAugustae: Augustan
““The Altar ofThe Altar ofAugustan Peace”Augustan Peace”
Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaRome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaARA PACISARA PACIS
Context:Context:CAMPUS MARTIUSCAMPUS MARTIUS
Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaRome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaARA PACISARA PACIS
Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaRome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaARA PACISARA PACIS
AeneasAeneasShrine Shrine
Sow Sow
Peace and bounty carried over earth and sea, blown by wind Peace and bounty carried over earth and sea, blown by wind and carried by waters to four corners of the earthand carried by waters to four corners of the earth
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Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaRome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaARA PACISARA PACIS