RESULT
flow
rate(L/min)
Pressure drop (mm H2O)
Air
Water
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
1.0 0 1 2 4 7 11 17 26 48
2.0 19 24 29 33 43 - - - -
3.0 11 19 25 49 - - - - -
Table 1: Pressure Drop for Wet column
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Graph of Pressure drop against air flow rate
3 LPM2 LPM1 LPM
graph
Flow rate
(L/min)
1.0 2.0 3.0 Water
Air
Gas
Flow
rate
Log
Gas
Flow
rate
Pressure
drop
(mmH2O)
Log
Pressure
drop
(mmH2O)
Pressure
drop
(mmH2O)
Log
Pressure
drop
(mmH2O)
Pressure
drop
(mmH2O)
Log
Pressure
drop
(mmH2O)
20 1.301 0 - 19 1.279 11 1.041
40 1.602 1 0 24 1.380 19 1.279
60 1.778 2 0.301 29 1.462 25 1.398
80 1.903 4 0.602 33 1.519 49 1.690
100 2.00 7 0.845 43 1.633 - -
120 2.079 11 1.041 - - - -
140 2.146 17 1.230 - - - -
160 2.204 26 1.415 - - - -
180 2.255 48 1.681 - - - -
Table 2: Log Gas Flow rate and Log Pressure drop
Air
Flow
rate
(L/min)
Air
Flow
rate
(m3/h)
GG
(kg/ms2)
K4
(y-axis)
FLV (1
LPM)
FLV (2
LPM)
FLV (3
LPM)
Pressure drop
correlated in mm H20
(1LPM) (2LPM)
(3LPM)
20 1.2 0.0779 0.0154 1.454 2.912 4.362 1.52 5.08 12.7
40 2.4 0.156 0.062 0.727 1.456 2.181 5.08 10.16 25.4
60 3.6 0.234 0.139 0.484 0.971 1.454 8.89 25.4 38.1
80 4.8 0.311 0.245 0.364 0.729 1.093 12.7 40.64 50.8
100 6.0 0.389 0.383 0.292 0.584 0.874 25.4 45.72 -
120 7.2 0.467 0.553 0.243 0.468 0.728 40.64 - -
140 8.4 0.545 0.753 0.208 0.416 0.624 43.18 - -
160 9.6 0.623 0.989 0.182 0.365 0.546 50.80 - -
180 10.8 0.701 1.245 0.162 0.324 0.485 55.89 - -
Table 3: Theoretical Flooding Point
1.301 1.602 1.778 1.903 2 2.079 2.146 2.204 2.2550
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Graph of Log Pressure Drop against Log Gas Flow Rate
3 LPM2 LPM1 LPM
Log Gas Flow Rate, Gy
Log
Pres
sure
Dro
p, m
mH2
O
Figure Graph of Log Pressure Drop against Log Gas Flow Rate
0.0154 0.062 0.139 0.245 0.383 0.553 0.753 0.989 1.2450
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Graph of K4 against FLV
3 LPM2 LPM1 LPM
CALCULATION
Information given :
Density of air, ρair = 1.175 kg/m3
Density of water, ρwater = 996 kg/m3
Column diameter, Dc = 80 mm
Area of packed diameter,
Ac=π4D2= π
4(0 .08m )2=5 .027×10−3m2
Packing Factor: Fp = 900 m-1
Water viscosity, µwater = 0.001 Ns/m2
LIQUID
Calculate liquid flow rate, GL (kg/m2) (1 LPM)
GL=G×ρAc
=
1Lmin
× 1min60 s
× 1m3
1000l× 996 kg
m3
5.027×10−3m2 ¿3.302 kg
m2 . s
Calculate liquid flow rate, GL (kg/m2) (2 LPM)
GL=G×ρAc
=
2Lmin
× 1min60 s
× 1m3
1000l× 996 kg
m3
5.027×10−3m2 =6.614 kgm2 . s
Calculate liquid flow rate, GL (kg/m2) (3 LPM)
GL=G×ρAc
=
3Lmin
× 1min60 s
× 1m3
1000l× 996 kg
m3
5.027×10−3m2 =9.907 kgm2 . s
Water Flow Rate (L/min)GL (
kgm2 . s
)
1.0 3.302
2.0 6.614
3.0 9.907
Table
Theoretical Flooding Point for 20 L/min
Gy = 20Lmin
× 1m3
1000 L× 60min
1h
= 1.2m3 /h
Calculate gas flow rate, GG (kg/m2s)
GG=G y ×ρAc
¿
1.2m3
h× 1h3600 s
× 1.175 kgm3
5.027×10−3m2=0.0779 kg
m2 . s
Calculate capacity parameter, K4 , y-axis
K 4=
13.1 (GG )2F p( μL
ρL )0.1
ρG (ρL−ρG )
¿13.1( 0.0779 kgm2 s )
2
(900m−1 )( 0.001N .s /m2
996 kg/m3 )0.1
(1.175 kg/m3 ) (996 kg /m3−1.175 kg/m3 )=0.0154
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (1 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=3.302 kg
m2 . s
0.0779 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg /m3
996 kg/m3 )=1.454
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (2 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=6.614 kg
m2. s
0.0779 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg /m3
996 kg/m3 )=2.912
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (3 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=9.907 kg
m2 . s
0.0779 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg /m3
996 kg/m3 )=4.362
Theoretical Flooding Point for 40 L/min
Gy =40 Lmin
× 1m3
1000 L× 60min
1h=2.4m3/h
Calculate gas flow rate, GG (kg/m2s)
GG=G y×ρAc
GG=
2.4m3
h× 1h3600 s
× 1.175 kgm3
5.027×10−3m2=0.156 kg
m2 . s
Calculate capacity parameter, K4,
K 4=13.1( 0.156 kgm2 s )
2
(900m−1 )( 0.001N . s/m2
996 kg /m3 )0.1
(1.175 kg /m3 ) (996 kg/m3−1.175 k g/m3 )=0.062
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (1 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=3.302 kg
m2 . s
0.156 kgm2. s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996 kg/m3 )=0.727
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (2 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=6.614 kg
m2. s
0.156 kgm2. s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996 kg /m3 )=1.456
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (3 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=9.907 kg
m2 . s
0.156 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996 kg /m3 )=2.181
Theoretical Flooding Point for 60 L/min
Gy = 60Lmin
× 1m3
1000L× 60min
1h=3.6m3/h
Calculate gas flow rate, GG (kg/m2s)
GG=
3.6m3
h× 1h3600 s
× 1.175 kgm3
5.027×10−3m2 =0.234 kgm2 . s
Calculate capacity parameter, K4,
K 4=13.1( 0.234 kgm2 s )
2
(900m−1 )( 0.001N .s /m2
996 kg /m3 )0.1
(1.175 kg/m3 ) (996 kg /m3−1.175 kg /m3 )=0.139
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (1 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=3.302 kg
m2 . s
0.234 kgm2. s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996 kg /m3 )=0.484
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (2 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=6.614 kg
m2 . s
0.234 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996kg /m3 )=0.971
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (3 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=9.907 kg
m2. s
0.234 kgm2. s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996kg /m3 )=1.454
Theoretical Flooding Point for 80 L/min
Gy = 80 Lmin× 1m3
1000L× 60min
1h=4.8m3/h
Calculate gas flow rate, GG (kg/m2s)
GG=
4.8m3
h× 1h3600 s
× 1.175 kgm3
5.027×10−3m2=0.311 kg
m2 . s
Calculate capacity parameter, K4,
K 4=13.1( 0.156 kgm2 s )
2
(900m−1 )( 0.001N . s/m2
996 kg /m3 )0.1
(1.175 kg/m3 ) (996 kg /m3−1.175 kg/m3 )=0.245
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (1 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=3.302 kg
m2 . s
0.311 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg /m3
996kg /m3 )=0.364
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (2 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=6.614 kg
m2 . s
0.311 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996kg /m3 )=0.729
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (3 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=9.907 kg
m2 . s
0.311 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996kg /m3 )=1.093
Theoretical Flooding Point for 100 L/min
Gy = 100Lmin
× 1m3
1000 L× 60min
1h=6.0m3/h
Calculate gas flow rate, GG (kg/m2s)
GG=
6.0m3
h× 1h3600 s
× 1.175 kgm3
5.027×10−3m2 =0.389 kgm2 . s
Calculate capacity parameter, K4,
K 4=13.1( 0.156 kgm2 s )
2
(900m−1 )( 0.001N . s/m2
996 kg /m3 )0.1
(1.175 kg/m3 ) (996 kg /m3−1.175 kg/m3 )=0.383
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (1 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=3.302 kg
m2 . s
0.389 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg /m3
996 kg/m3 )=0.292
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (2 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=6.614 kg
m2 . s
0.389 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996 kg /m3 )=0.584
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (3 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=9.907 kg
m2 . s
0.389 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996 kg /m3 )=0.874
Theoretical Flooding Point for 120 L/min
Gy = 120Lmin
× 1m3
1000 L× 60min
1h=7.2m3/h
Calculate gas flow rate, GG (kg/m2s)
GG=
7.2m3
h× 1h3600 s
× 1.175 kgm3
5.027×10−3m2 =0.467 kgm2 . s
Calculate capacity parameter, K4,
K 4=13.1( 0.467 kgm2 s )
2
(900m−1 )( 0.001N . s/m2
996 kg /m3 )0.1
(1.175 kg/m3 ) (996 kg /m3−1.175 kg/m3 )=0.553
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (1 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=3.302 kg
m2 . s
0.467 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996 kg/m3 )=0.243
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (2 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=6.614 kg
m2. s
0.467 kgm2. s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996 kg /m3 )=0.486
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (3 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=9.907 kg
m2 . s
0.467 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996kg /m3 )=0.728
Theoretical Flooding Point for 140 L/min
Gy = 140Lmin
× 1m3
1000 L× 60min
1h=8.4m3/h
Calculate gas flow rate, GG (kg/m2s)
GG=
8.4m3
h× 1h3600 s
× 1.175 kgm3
5.027×10−3m2=0.545 kg
m2 . s
Calculate capacity parameter, K4,
K 4=13.1( 0.545 kgm2 s )
2
(900m−1 )( 0.001N .s /m2
996 kg/m3 )0.1
(1.175 kg/m3 ) (996 kg /m3−1.175 kg/m3 )=0.753
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (1 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=3.302 kg
m2 . s
0.545 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg /m3
996 kg/m3 )=0.208
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (2 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=6.614 kg
m2. s
0.545 kgm2. s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996 kg /m3 )=0.416
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (3 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=9.907 kg
m2 . s
0.545 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996 kg /m3 )=0.624
Theoretical Flooding Point for 160 L/min
Gy = 160Lmin
× 1m3
1000 L× 60min
1h=9.6m3/h
Calculate gas flow rate, GG (kg/m2s)
GG=
9.6m3
h× 1h3600 s
× 1.175 kgm3
5.027×10−3m2=0.623 kg
m2 . s
Calculate capacity parameter, K4,
K 4=13.1( 0.623 kgm2 s )
2
(900m−1 )( 0.001N .s /m2
996 kg/m3 )0.1
(1.175 kg/m3 ) (996 kg /m3−1.175 kg/m3 )=0.989
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (1 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=3.302 kg
m2 . s
0.623 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg /m3
996 kg/m3 )=0.182
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (2 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=6.614 kg
m2 . s
0.623 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996kg /m3 )=0.365
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (3 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=9.907 kg
m2. s
0.623 kgm2. s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996 kg /m3 )=0.546
Theoretical Flooding Point for 180 L/min
Gy = 180Lmin
× 1m3
1000 L× 60min
1h=10.8m3/h
Calculate gas flow rate, GG (kg/m2s)
GG=
10.8m3
h× 1h3600 s
×1.175 kgm3
5.027×10−3m2 =0.701 kgm2. s
Calculate capacity parameter, K4,
K 4=13.1( 0.701 kgm2 s )
2
(900m−1 )( 0.001N .s /m2
996 kg/m3 )0.1
(1.175 kg /m3 ) (996 kg /m3−1.175 kg/m3 )=1.245
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (1 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=3.302 kg
m2 . s
0.701 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg /m3
996 kg /m3 )=0.162
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (2 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=6.614 kg
m2 . s
0.701 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996kg /m3 )=0.324
Calculate flow parameter, FLV (3 LPM)
FLV=GL
GG(√ ρG
ρL)=9.907 kg
m2. s
0.701 kgm2 . s
(√ 1.175 kg/m3
996kg /m3 )=0.485
PERCENTAGE ERROR %
1LPM
Total pressure drop = 116 mm H20
Percentageerror ,%= theoritical value−experimental valuetheoritical value
×100%
¿ 244.1−116244.1
×100%=52.48%
2LPM
Total pressure drop = 148 mm H20
Percentageerror ,%= theoritical value−experimental valuetheoritical value
×100%
¿ 127−148127
×100%=−16.54%
3LPM
Total pressure drop = 104 mm H20
Percentageerror ,%= theoritical value−experimental valuetheoritical value
×100%
¿ 127−104127
×100%=18.11%