Nobody’s UnpredictableAvgust 2010.
Research on the social inclusion of children with disabilities in Montenegro
FOR:
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METHODOLOGY
Way of collecting data, field surveys done in the household respondents, “face to face“
Source of data based on a representative sample of the population of Montenegro of 18 years and over
The sample size was 1014 respondents Type a three-stage stratified sample, random sample, the stages:
The territory of the polling station (about 200 households) chosen with probability proportional to size - PPS
Household, selected randomly from the given address steps (simulation SPSWoR sample schemes)
Elected member of the household using Kish tables (SPSWoR sample simulation schemes)
Stratification is based on: Types of settlements - urban / rural The four geo-economic regions Post stratification based on: gender, age, type of settlement and four geo-
economic regions Field control in 12% of the sample, control logic and control consistence in 100%Data collection took place from 05 August 13th August 2010th
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The structure of the sample
Base: N=1014
48%
52%
26%
19% 19%21%
15%
26%
46%
20%
8%
30%
17%
32%
21%
62%
38%
Mal
e
Fem
ale
18-2
9
30-3
9
40-4
9
50-6
4
65+
Prim
ary
and
low
er
Sec
onda
ry
Hig
her
and
high
Edu
catio
n in
the
Pod
goric
a
Coa
st
Wes
t
Eas
t
Urb
an
Rur
al
Gender Age Education Region Type
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AWARENESS ABOUT CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
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The free association of children with disabilities
Base: Total target population
35%
10%
9%
6%
4%
4%
3%
3%
3%
3%
Sadness, pity, poor children
They need help, someone else'scare, helpless
Accidents, evil fate, nausea, pain
Disease, sick children
Society must be more to help, payattention
Children with absence, disorder
Disabled children
They do not have a normal life,hard life
Understanding, solidarity, humanity
Incapable of normal growth anddevelopment
First answer
40%
12%
12%
6%
5%
4%
4%
4%
3%
3%
Sadness, pity, poor children
Accidents, evil fate, nausea, pain
They need help, someone else'scare, helpless
Disease, sick children
Society must be more to help, payattention
Understanding, solidarity, humanity
Children with absence, disorder
They do not have a normal life, hardlife
Disabled children
Incapable of normal growth anddevelopment
All answers
• The first association which citizens have when children with disabilities are mentioned is compassion (35%). •Among all spontaneously mentioned associations compassion is also dominant (40%), and it is followed by adversity, ill fate, anguish, suffering (12%) and helplessness (12%). •Other associations also follow similar emotional tone – children with disabilities are associated with illness, being disturbed, abnormality, vulnerability. A number of associations are directed towards recognition of need for help, showing of understanding and solidarity.
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The free association of children with disabilities, depending on the information
40%
44%
28%
12%
13%
9%
11%
11%
19%
6%
8%
4%
3%
6%
8%
3%
3%
2%
3%
2%
1%
1%
1%
8%
I do not know nothingor little
They knowsomething
They know a lot orvery much
Sadness, pity, poor children
Accidents, evil fate, nausea, pain
They need help, alien care,helpless
Disease, sick children
Society must be more to help, payattention
The difficult situation for the family,parents
Threatened, in trouble
Someone you know (child, cousin...)
It is interesting that people who know a lot about this category of children in significantly less association with the compassion, and significantly increased their need for assistance.
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Terms which are referred to as children with disabilities
Base: Total target population
23%
17%
12%
10%
7%
6%
3%
3%
3%
2%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
7%
Disabled children
Children with disabilities
Children with special needs in the developmentof
Children, as well as other children, does notdistinguish
Retarded children / backward in the developmentof
Mentally retarded children
Children who need help
Defective children
Other answers
• Most frequently used expression in general population for such children is handicapped children (23%). o Expressions which are also widely used in population are the ones which belong to outdated terminology –
children with special needs (17%) and children with disablement (12%).o It is worth mentioning that one out of ten citizens uses the term sick children, and another 6% use
characterization poor, sorrowful, great pity.
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Damage and the difficulty in recognizing that children with disabilities
Multiple answers; Base: Total target population
26%
24%
14%
14%
13%
11%
8%
7%
7%
7%
7%
7%
6%
6%
6%
Physical appearance
Speaking (difficult, unintelligible ...)
Moving (problems, aggravated by walking ...)
Disability
Behavior
Blind child
Immobility, paralysis
Deaf child
Hearing
Visual impairment
Mental / psychological deficiency
Mental retardation
Gestures, movements
Deformation of the body, bodily injury
The lack of a body
•Characteristics according to which children with disabilities are most frequently recognized are physical appearance or physical handicap (40%). Frequently mentioned indicators are also difficult or unintelligible speech (24%) or problems with mobility (14%).
•Physical appearance is more relevant for persons who have children, as well as the citizens with the lowest income and those from rural settlements.
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Damage and the difficulty in recognizing that children with disabilities
Multiple answers; Base: Total target population
26%14%
14%8%
6%6%
5%3%
11%7%7%
7%4%
13%7%7%
5%5%
4%3%
2%
6%3%
2%
24%3%
2%
7%
Physical appearanceMoving (problems, aggravated by walking ...)
DisabilityImmobility, paralysis
Deformation of the body, bodily injuryThe lack of a body
Wheelchair / orthopedic devicesHandicap / disability
Blind childDeaf child
HearingVisual impairment
Deaf-mute child
BehaviorMental / psychological deficiency
Mental retardationMental disorder / illness
Children with special needs in the development ofAutism
Down's syndromeAggressiveness
Gestures, movementsGlance, the eyes
Face / the face / mime / face
Speaking (difficult, unintelligible ...)Mute child
Difficult communications
Do not know / No answer
Speech and Communication
Mime, gestures, movements
Intellectual deficits and mental disorders
Sensory deficits
The physical appearance and movement problems
37%*
82%*
46%*
12%*
29%*
* The percentage of people who spontaneously mentioned some of the responses within the categories of derivative
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7%
8%
11%
11%
11%
11%
12%
17%
17%
22%
21%
21%
25%
28%
27%
34%
32%
41%
47%
88%
86%
79%
78%
75%
74%
72%
69%
62%
61%
60%
58%
55%
49%
47%
44%
41%
32%
25%
Children who lack som e part of the body
Children with perm anent dam age or deform ation of a body part
Blind children
Deaf children
Children injured intelligence
Autis tic children
Psychotic children
Extrem ely aggress ive children
Children with severe disorders of attention
Children with speech disorders
Children with serious em otional difficulties
Children with severe dam aged? Trials hearing
Children affected by AIDS virus (AIDS)
Children who suffer from leukem ia
Children who suffer from hepatitis
Hyperactive children, ie. children who are overly active in s ituations where they shouldbe (for exam ple, during the teaching)
Children with severe dam aged? Trials of vis ion (glasses larger than / - 10)
Children with congenital heart defects
Children who suffer from as thm a
does not belong (1+2) belongs (4+5)
In your opinion, to what extent does each of the following groups of children belong to category of children with disabilities?
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In your opinion, to what extent does each of the following groups of children belong to category of children with disabilities?
74 7262 61 60 58 55
49 47 44 4132
25
7 8 11 11 11 11 12 17 17 22 21 21 25 28 2734 32
4147
7988 86
78 756981 79
68 67 64 63 5952
45 40 40 3830
21 2010 9
-9-22
Chi
ldre
n w
ho la
ck s
ome
part
of t
hebo
dy
Chi
ldre
n w
ith p
erm
anen
t dam
age
orde
form
atio
n of
a b
ody
part
Blin
d ch
ildre
n
Dea
f chi
ldre
n
Chi
ldre
n in
jure
d in
telli
genc
e
Aut
istic
chi
ldre
n
Psy
chot
ic c
hild
ren
Ext
rem
ely
aggr
essi
ve c
hild
ren
Chi
ldre
n w
ith s
ever
e di
sord
ers
ofat
tent
ion
Chi
ldre
n w
ith s
peec
h di
sord
ers
Chi
ldre
n w
ith s
erio
us e
mot
iona
lte
škoš
ama
Chi
ldre
n w
ith s
ever
e he
arin
g di
sabi
lity
Chi
ldre
n af
fect
ed b
y A
IDS
viru
s (A
IDS
)
Chi
ldre
n w
ho s
uffe
r fr
om le
ukem
ia
Chi
ldre
n w
ho s
uffe
r fr
om h
epat
itis
Hyp
erac
tive
child
ren,
ie. c
hild
ren
who
are
over
ly a
ctiv
e in
situ
atio
ns w
here
they
sho
uld
be (
for
exam
ple,
dur
ing
the
Chi
ldre
n w
ith s
ever
e vi
sion
ošt
ešen
jima
(dio
pter
gre
ater
than
/ -
10)
Chi
ldre
n w
ith c
onge
nita
l hea
rt d
efec
ts
Chi
ldre
n w
ho s
uffe
r fr
om a
sthm
a
belongs (4+5) does not belong (1+2) balance
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In your opinion, to what extent does each of the following groups of children belong to category of children with disabilities?
The average values ; Base: Total target population
4,5
4,3
4,2
4,2
4,1
4,1
4,0
3,9
3,7
3,7
3,6
3,5
3,5
3,4
3,3
3,2
3,1
2,9
2,7
Children who lack some part of the body
Children with persistent oštešenjima or deformation of a body part
Blind children
Deaf children
Autistic children
Children injured intelligence
Psychotic children
Extremely aggressive children
Children with severe disorders of attention
Children with speech disorders
Children with serious emotional difficulties
Children with severe hearing disability
Children affected by AIDS virus (AIDS)
Children who suffer from leukemia
Children who suffer from hepatitisHyperactive children, ie. children who are overly active in situations
where they should be (for example, during the teaching)
Children with severe vision impairments (diopter greater than / - 10)
ater than / - 10)
Children who suffer from asthma
• Children that are identified to the highest extent as children with disabilities (average grade 4 and more on a 5 point scale) are: children without some part of the body, or children with severe deformations, then children with sensory disorders (blind of deaf children), as well as the children with mental difficulties (autistic, children with impaired intelligence and psychotic children).
• Children that are identified to the smallest extent as children with disabilities are those who suffer from asthma (2.7), children with congenital heart defect (2.9), as well as the children with children with severe vision impairments (3.1).
• Observed in general, degree of identification of any mentioned category as children with disabilities is higher among the citizens who do not have direct experience with such children, in eastern part of the country and in rural areas.
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Yes68%
No32%
Do you know any child with disabilities, or someone whose child has problems of this kind ?
Base: Total target population
• Great majority of the citizens (68%) know some child with disabilities or parent of child with such or similar disabilities. •Citizens from western part of the country, as well as those with the lowest income, have somewhat more positive
experience with children with disability compared with the average. •As it was expected, personal experience and level of being informed are in positive correlation: citizens who do not
have personal experience with children with disabilities are less informed about them and vice verse.
54%
76%
90%
46%
24%
10%
I do not knownothing or little
They knowsom ething
They know a lotor very m uch
Yes
No
Depending on the information on children with disabilities:
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How often do you have contacts with children with disabilities?
13%
5%
4%
11%
8%
10%
11%
11%
14%
10%
4%
Daily
Several times a week
Once a week
Several times a month
Once a month
Once in 2-3 months
Once in 6 months
Once a year
Less than once a year
I do not have any contact withchildren with disabilities
Refuses to answer
• Majority of the citizens (86%) had or have contact with children with disabilities. Majority of them realize such contact once a month or les frequently, while a total of 13% of the citizens have everyday contact with children with disabilities.
•One out of ten citizens state that they have no contact whatsoever with children with disabilities. •Citizens with the lowest level of education, those with the lowest income, as well as those from eastern part of the
country have everyday contact with children with disabilities.
20%
11%
12%
18%
12%
14%
8%
10%
10%
12%
21%
Prim ary and lower
Secondary
Higher and high
Do 100 �
101 - 200 �
More than 200 �
Refuses to answer
Podgorica
Coas t
West
Eas t
Everyday links:
Edu
catio
nIn
com
e R
egio
n
Base: Total target population
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What is your source of information about children with disabilities?
Multiple answer; Base: Total target population
61%
47%
28%
12%
12%
4%
2%
2%
1%
From media (TV, newspapers,radio, Internet)
Through the stories I hear fromfriends, relatives, acquaintances
Through daily experience in thestreet, in shops, public transport
and the like.
From local health center andhospitals
Through the stories from school,which I hear from my children
Experience with own child whohas similar problems and
interference
I do not have any informationabout children with disabilities
Other
Refuses to answer
•Dominant source of information about children with disabilities are media (61%). However, significant percentage of the citizens are informed by other people (47%), or through experience in the street, public transport, shops (28%).
•4% of the citizens claim that their source of information about this issue is personal experience with the child who has similar difficulties.
•As expected, personal experience is a more important source of information for citizens who know some child with disabilities, while those who do not have such experience rely on media to a higher extent.
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All things considered, how well are you informed about the children with disabilities?
7%
38%
44%
43%
12%
9%
3%
I do not know anything aboutchildren with disabilities
I know very little about childrenwith disabilities
Sum -
I know something about childrenwith disabilities
Sum +
I know a lot about children withdisabilities
I know very much about childrenwith disabilities
•It can be concluded that citizens are generally insufficiently informed about children with disabilities – they themselves rate their knowledge with average grade 2.6 on a five point scale.
•Just slightly more than one out of ten citizens state that they know a lot about these children, while the rest are evenly distributed to those who claim that they know nothing, or very little (44%) and those who state that they know something (43%).
•Female citizens are somewhat more informed about children with disabilities, as well as highly educated citizens and citizens who have personal experience with these children.
Base: Total target population
48%
41%
49%
45%
37%
35%
64%
10%
14%
7%
12%
19%
16%
4%
Male
Fem ale
Prim ary andlower
Secondary
Higher andhigh
Yes
No
Sum -Sum +
Gen
der
Edu
catio
nK
now
DS
R
M=2.6
Higher and high
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10%
8%
32%
17%
12%
13%
27%
10%
16%
27%
14%
17%
19%
26%
3%
9%
6%
9%
3%
7%
37%
17%
22%
41%
Podgorica
Coast
West
East
Re
gio
n
Up to 3% 3.1-5%5.1-10% 10.1-20%More then 20% Do not know/Refuse
In your opinion, among children aged up to 18 years, what percentage are the children with disabilities
Base: Total target population
M=11.3%
M=12.5%
M=5.7%
18%
16%
18%
13%
6%
30%
Up to 3%
3.1-5%
5.1-10%
10.1-20%
More then20%
Do notknow/Refuse M=10.1%
• Majority of the citizens (40%) think that in population of children up to 18 years less than 10% are children with disabilities. 12% mention this percentage (which is considered as the best estimation for each population). 19% think that this percentage is higher. Almost one third of the citizens do not have a clear perception of number of children with disabilities.
•Provide the most accurate assessment of residents of the eastern regions, while this percentage is largely underestimated those from the west.
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ATTITUDE TOWARDS CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
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I will now read you some of the existing categories of children with disabilities
Multiple answer; Base: Total target population
N
He
live
s in
th
e sa
me
sett
lem
en
t /
stre
et w
ith
yo
ur
child
Go
es t
o t
he
sam
e sc
ho
ol
/ kin
der
gar
ten
/ n
urs
ery
sc
ho
ol
wit
h y
ou
r ch
ild
?
Go
es
to t
he
sa
me
dep
artm
ent
/ g
rou
p w
ith
yo
ur
child
So
cial
izes
/ p
lays
wit
h
you
r ch
ild
Bes
t fr
ien
d w
ith
yo
ur
chil
d
In t
he
old
er a
ge
in
emo
tio
nal
rel
atio
nsh
ip
wit
h y
ou
r ch
ild
In t
he
adu
lt a
ge
mar
ries
w
ith
yo
ur
child
Ref
use
s to
an
swer
Child with severe defect of vision 1014 75.7 56.6 51.2 48.1 34.7 08.8 07.1 02.2 Blind child 1014 77.8 48.6 43.9 40.9 29.2 03.0 01.6 04.1 Child with severe hearing impairments 1014 73.3 55.1 47.1 45.2 30.0 05.8 04.0 03.5 Deaf child 1014 75.0 45.6 39.9 38.9 25.8 02.8 01.7 05.8 Child with physical disabilities, such as permanent deformation, or lack of a body part
1014 79.1 42.7 34.9 33.1 23.3 02.5 01.3 05.8
Child has difficulties to move or are completely bedridden
1014 75.5 42.6 35.3 34.3 24.6 02.0 00.9 05.6
Child suffers from some chronic disease which is not communicable, such as asthma, heart defect, hemophilia, leukemia and other
1014 73.1 48.8 41.2 35.7 27.7 03.1 02.0 03.4
Child suffers from some chronic diseases that is communicable, such as AIDS, hepatitis and other
1014 70.3 21.3 12.9 11.9 07.8 00.3 00.1 19.6
Intellectual deficiencies and impairments, such as low intelligence, autism, serious attention disorders, persistent difficulties in learning, and the like
1014 73.4 36.6 27.6 22.7 13.9 01.1 00.7 08.1
Child with severe emotional disorders, such as childhood neurosis, psychosis, emotional changes caused by neurological damage
1014 67.9 29.1 19.0 13.0 08.3 00.7 00.1 15.9
Child with severe disorders of socialization, such as hyperactive, aggressive or other socially unacceptable behavior
1014 71.1 30.3 20.2 14.8 09.3 01.5 00.3 11.1
Child with speech disorders 1014 74.8 48.9 40.9 38.6 28.2 05.4 05.1 02.2 •Observed in general, citizens of Montenegro express a big social distance towards children with disabilities. On the average,
total degree of social closeness towards this group is 34.5%, but it is not the same towards all categories of children with disabilities.
•Social distance is even more pronounced among citizens who are less informed about children with disabilities, and among those who do not know such children. Bigger social distance is expressed by citizens with the lowest education, those with the lowest income, and citizens from coastal and eastern regions.
•Citizens who are the best informed about children with disabilities and who have personal experience with such children express smaller social distance towards these children. The same holds true for highly educated citizens, citizens from the capital and western part of the country, as well as the oldest citizens (above 65 years of age).
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Social distance towards different categories of DSR - acceptance
Multiple answer; Base: Total target population
56,6
34,7
8,87,1
29,2
3,0
45,2
30
5,84
46
39
26
2
33,1
2,5 1,3
27,7
3,1
70,3
21,3
12,9 11,9
0,1
36,6
27,6
22,7
13,9
0,7
67,9
29,1
19
13
8,3
71,1
30,3
20,2
14,8
9,3
28,2
5,4
75,7
48,1
51,2
48,6
77,8
1,6
40,943,9
73,3
55,1
47,1
75
3
4042,7
79,1
23,3
34,9
42,6
75,5
2 0,9
24,6
34,335,3
73,1
48,8
2
35,7
41,2
0,3
7,8
1,1
73,4
0,10,7 0,31,5
48,9
5,1
38,6
40,9
74,8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
1 - He lives in thesame settlement /
street with your child
2 - Goes to the sameschool / kindergarten /
nursery school withyour child?
3 - Goes to the samedepartment / group
with your child
4 - Socializes / playswith your child
5 - Best friend withyour child
6 - In the older age inemotional
relationship with yourchild
7 - In the adult agemarries with your
child
Child with severe defect of vision
Blind child
Child with severe hearing impairments
Deaf child
Child with physical disabilities, such as permanent deformation,or lack of a body part
Dijete koje se otežano kreću ili su sasvim nepokretna
Dijete koje boluje od hroničnih oboljenja koja se ne prenose, kaošto su astma, srčane mane, hemofilija, leukemija i druga
Dijete koje boluje od hroničnih bolesti koje se prenose, kao što suSIDA, Hepatitis i druga
Intelektualni nedostaci i oštećenja, kao što su niska inteligencija,autizam, teži poremećaji pažnje, trajne poteškoće u učenju i sl.
Dijete sa težim emocionalnim poremećajima, kao što su dječjeneuroze, psihoze, emocionalne promjene nastale neurološkimoštećenjimaDijete sa težim poremećajima socijalizacije, kao što suhiperaktivno, agresivno ili neko drugo socijalno neprihvatljivoponašanjeDijete sa poremećajima govora
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Social distance towards different categories of DSR - refuse
Multiple answer; Base: Total target population
51,9
65,3
91,2
70,8
97,0
54,8
70
94,296
74,2
66,9
97,5 98,7
72,3
96,9
29,7
78,7
87,1 88,1
72,4
77,3
86,1
99,3
70,9
81
87
91,7
69,7
79,8
85,2
90,7
71,8
94,6
24,3
43,4
48,8
92,9
22,2
51,4
56,1 59,1
98,4
26,7
44,9
52,9
60,1
25,0
54,4
61,1
97,298,3
65,1
20,9
57,3
76,7
24,5
57,4
64,7 65,7
75,4
98 99,1
26,9
51,2
58,8
64,3
98
99,7
92,2
99,9
26,6
63,4
98,9
32,1
99,3 99,9
28,9
98,5 99,7
25,2
59,1
51,1
61,4
94,9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
1 - He lives in thesame settlement /
street with your child
2 - Goes to the sameschool / kindergarten /
nursery school withyour child?
3 - Goes to the samedepartment / group
with your child
4 - Socializes / playswith your child
5 - Best friend withyour child
6 - In the older age inemotional
relationship with yourchild
7 - In the adult agemarries with your
child
Child with severe defect of vision
Blind child
Child with severe hearing impairments
Deaf child
Child with physical disabilities, such as permanentdeformation, or lack of a body part
Child has difficulties to move or are completely bedridden
Child suffers from some chronic disease which is notcommunicable, such as asthma, heart defect, hemophilia,leukemia and otherChild suffers from some chronic diseases that iscommunicable, such as AIDS, hepatitis and other
Intelektualni nedostaci i oštećenja
Dete sa težim emocionalnim poremećajima
Dete sa težim poremećajima socijalizacije
Dete sa poremećajima govora
22Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
9 Ip
sos
Social distance towards different categories of DSR - acceptance
Multiple answer; Base: Total target population
75,7 77,873,3 75,0
79,175,5 73,1
70,373,4
67,971,1
74,8
56,6
48,655,1
45,642,7 42,6
48,8
21,3
36,6
29,1 30,3
48,951,2
43,947,1
39,934,9 35,3
41,2
12,9
27,6
19 20,2
40,945,2
38,933,1 34,3 35,7
11,9
22,7
13,0 14,8
38,634,7
29,2 3025,8 23,3 24,6
27,7
7,813,9
8,3 9,3
28,2
8,85,8 3,1 5,47,14
1,3 0,9 25,1
48,1
40,9
3 2,8 2,5 2 0,3 1,1 0,7 1,51,6 1,7 0,1 0,7 0,1 0,305
10152025303540455055606570758085
Ch
ild
wit
h s
ever
e d
efec
t o
f vi
sio
n
Bli
nd
ch
ild
Ch
ild
wit
h s
ever
e h
eari
ng
im
pai
rmen
ts
Dea
f ch
ild
Ch
ild
wit
h p
hys
ical
dis
abil
itie
s, s
uch
as
per
man
ent
def
orm
atio
n,
or
lack
of
a b
od
yp
art
Ch
ild
has
dif
ficu
ltie
s to
mo
ve o
r ar
eco
mp
lete
ly b
edri
dd
en
Ch
ild
su
ffer
s fr
om
so
me
chro
nic
dis
ease
wh
ich
is
no
t co
mm
un
icab
le,
such
as
asth
ma,
hea
rt d
efec
t, h
emo
ph
ilia
, le
uke
mia
and
oth
er
Ch
ild
su
ffer
s fr
om
so
me
chro
nic
dis
ease
sth
at i
s co
mm
un
icab
le,
such
as
AID
S,
hep
atit
is a
nd
oth
er
Inte
llec
tual
def
icie
nci
es a
nd
im
pai
rmen
ts,
such
as
low
in
tell
igen
ce,
auti
sm,
seri
ou
sat
ten
tio
n d
iso
rder
s, p
ersi
sten
t d
iffi
cult
ies
inle
arn
ing
, an
d t
he
like
.
Ch
ild
wit
h s
ever
e em
oti
on
al d
iso
rder
s, s
uch
as c
hil
dh
oo
d n
euro
sis,
psy
cho
sis,
em
oti
on
alch
ang
es c
ause
d b
y n
euro
log
ical
dam
age
Ch
ild
wit
h s
ever
e d
iso
rder
s o
f so
cial
izat
ion
,su
ch a
s h
yper
acti
ve,
agg
ress
ive
or
oth
erso
cial
ly u
nac
cep
tab
le b
ehav
ior
Ch
ild
wit
h s
pee
ch d
iso
rder
s
1 - He lives in the same settlement / street with your child2 - Goes to the same school / kindergarten / nursery school with your child?3 - Goes to the same department / group with your child4 - Socializes / plays with your child5 - Best friend with your child6 - In the older age in emotional relationship with your child7 - In the adult age marries with your child
23Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
9 Ip
sos
Social distance towards different categories of DSR - refuse
Multiple answer; Base: Total target population
24,3 22,226,7 25,0
20,924,5 26,9 29,7 26,6
32,1 28,925,2
43,451,4
44,9
54,4 57,3 57,451,2
78,7
63,470,9 69,7
51,1
60,165,1 64,7
58,8
72,4
81 79,8
59,151,9
59,154,8
61,166,9 65,7 64,3
88,1
77,3
87,0
61,465,3
70,8 7074,2 76,7 75,4 72,3
92,286,1
91,7
71,8
91,297 94,2 97,2 96,9 98,9 99,3 98,5
94,692,9 96 98,7 99,1 98
87,1
52,956,148,8
85,290,7
99,79897,5 94,999,799,999,399,998,398,4
05
101520253035404550556065707580859095
100105
Ch
ild
wit
h s
ever
e d
efec
t o
f vi
sio
n
Bli
nd
ch
ild
Ch
ild
wit
h s
ever
e h
eari
ng
im
pai
rmen
ts
Dea
f ch
ild
Ch
ild
wit
h p
hys
ical
dis
abil
itie
s, s
uch
as
per
man
ent
def
orm
atio
n,
or
lack
of
a b
od
yp
art
Ch
ild
has
dif
ficu
ltie
s to
mo
ve o
r ar
eco
mp
lete
ly b
edri
dd
en
Ch
ild
su
ffer
s fr
om
so
me
chro
nic
dis
ease
wh
ich
is
no
t co
mm
un
icab
le,
such
as
asth
ma,
hea
rt d
efec
t, h
emo
ph
ilia
, le
uke
mia
and
oth
er
Ch
ild
su
ffer
s fr
om
so
me
chro
nic
dis
ease
sth
at i
s co
mm
un
icab
le,
such
as
AID
S,
hep
atit
is a
nd
oth
er
Inte
llec
tual
def
icie
nci
es a
nd
im
pai
rmen
ts,
such
as
low
in
tell
igen
ce,
auti
sm,
seri
ou
sat
ten
tio
n d
iso
rder
s, p
ersi
sten
t d
iffi
cult
ies
inle
arn
ing
, an
d t
he
like
.
Ch
ild
wit
h s
ever
e em
oti
on
al d
iso
rder
s, s
uch
as c
hil
dh
oo
d n
euro
sis,
psy
cho
sis,
em
oti
on
alch
ang
es c
ause
d b
y n
euro
log
ical
dam
age
Ch
ild
wit
h s
ever
e d
iso
rder
s o
f so
cial
izat
ion
,su
ch a
s h
yper
acti
ve,
agg
ress
ive
or
oth
erso
cial
ly u
nac
cep
tab
le b
ehav
ior
Ch
ild
wit
h s
pee
ch d
iso
rder
s
1 - He lives in the same settlement / street with your child2 - Goes to the same school / kindergarten / nursery school with your child?3 - Goes to the same department / group with your child4 - Socializes / plays with your child5 - Best friend with your child6 - In the older age in emotional relationship with your child7 - In the adult age marries with your child
24Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
9 Ip
sos
Social closeness to different categories of children with disabilities
Multiple answer; Base: Total target population
2,9
2,8
2,7
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,5
2,5
2,3
2,1
2,0
1,9
Child with severe defect of vision
Child with severe hearing impairments
Child with speech disorders
Blind child
Deaf child
Child suffers from some chronic disease which is notcommunicable, such as asthma, heart defect,
Child with physical disabilities, such as permanentdeformation, or lack of a body part
Child has difficulties to move or are completelybedridden
Intellectual deficiencies and impairments, such as lowintelligence, autism, serious attention disorders,
Child with severe disorders of socialization, such ashyperactive, aggressive or other socially unacceptable
Child with severe emotional disorders, such aschildhood neurosis, psychosis, emotional changes
Child suffers from some chronic diseases that iscommunicable, such as AIDS, hepatitis and other
•Social distance towards different groups of children with disabilities differs depending on type of disability.
•Citizens have the biggest social distance towards children who suffer from transmittable chronic diseases (AIDS, hepatitis etc.), then towards children with severe emotional disorders (neuroses, psychoses, etc) as well as towards the children with severe disorder of socialization (socially unacceptable behavior).
•On the other hand, the citizens have the smallest social distance towards children with severe vision and hearing disabilities, as well as children with speech disorders.
•When we observe individual relationships, for majority of the citizens (72% on the average) it is acceptable that child with disability lives in the same street with their child. However, the next degree of closeness is significantly less acceptable – only 42% accept that such child goes to the same school as their child, and somewhat above 2/3 find it unacceptable that such child goes to the same class with their child.
• Just one out of five citizens wouldn't mind the child with disabilities to be the best friend of their child, while just between 2% and 3% would accept current or future emotional relationship between such child and their child.
25Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
9 Ip
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The relationship of society towards children with disabilities
Base: Total target population
4%
11%
17%
47%
92%
74%
65%
36%
The state and society should doeverything in their power to
ensure equal opportunities andchances for children with
disabilities, regardless of thecosts.
Children with disabilities areequally valuable members ofsociety, as well as all other
citizens.
Regardless of the pain and theeffort that they and their familiesmake, children with disabilities
can not be fully fit in society, theway in which other children do.
The state and society are notable to significantly help childrenwith disabilities, no matter howmuch they try and how much
money they invest.
disagrees (1+2) agrees (4+5)
• Majority of the citizens (74%) think that children with disabilities are equally valuable members of society as all other citizens. •However, we shouldn't neglect the fact that one out of ten citizens has the opposite attitude (particularly in light of the clear
social undesirability of this answer). •Great majority of the citizens (92%) think that The state and society should do everything in their power to ensure equal
opportunities and chances for children with disabilities. •However, citizens believe to a significantly smaller extent that such help from state and society can help (47%). Going in the
same lines is also the fact that, as much as 65% of the citizens think that, regardless of the pain and the effort that they and their families make, children with disabilities can not be fully fit in society, the way in which other children do.
26Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
9 Ip
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Which of the following two statements is closer to your views?
Base: Total target population
•Majority of the citizens (71%) think that society and the environment in which the child lives should primarily be adapted to the child with disabilities, accepting all their specificities, while 28% think the opposite –that the child should be adapted to environment.
•Belief that the child with disabilities must adapt to environment is more pronounced among the citizens who do not have personal experience with children with disabilities, as well as among citizens from rural areas and eastern parts of the country.
•Citizens who are well informed about children with disabilities think in lesser percentage that these children should adapt to environment.
Refuses to answ er1%
Society and the environment in w hich the child
lives should primarily be
adapted to the child w ith disabilities,
accepting all their specif icities
71%
Child w ith disabilities should
primarily be adapted to life in society, w ith the
help of family and the environment
28%
24%
44%
17%
35%
23%
34%
24%
35%
32%
26%
15%
74%
56%
83%
63%
75%
65%
75%
65%
67%
73%
84%
Podgorica
Coast
West
East
Urban
Rural
Yes
No
I do not know nothing or little
They know som ething
They know a lot or very m uch
Child w ith disabilities should prim arily be adapted to life in society,w ith the he lp of fam ily and the environm ent
Society and the environm ent in w hich the child lives should prim arilybe adapted to the child w ith disabilities , accepting all the ir specificities
Reg
ion
Typ
eK
now
DS
R
Info
rmat
ion
27Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
9 Ip
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To what extent is it possible that a child with disabilities join the crowd?
Base: Total target population
15%
80%
5%
1%
By providing professional assistance and throughspecial relation of society and institutions, it is
possible to FULLY enable a child with disabilities for life in society
By providing professional assistance and throughspecial relation of society and institutions, it ispossible to SOMEWHAT enable a child with
disabilities for life in society
Regardless of professional assistance and specialrelationship of state and society, it is not possible
TO MAKE ANY SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS inenabling the children with disabilities for life in
society.
Refuses to answer
•80% of the citizens think that By providing professional assistance and through special relation of society and institutions, it is possible to SOMEWHAT enable a child with disabilities for life in society. Namely, the citizens are just moderately optimistic about the possibility of inclusion of these children. Just 15% think that complete inclusion is possible.
•5% think that regardless of professional assistance and special relationship of state and society, it is not possible TO MAKE ANY SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS in enabling the children with disabilities for life in society.
28Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
9 Ip
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To what extent is it possible that a child with disabilities join the crowd?
20
15
10
15
12
13
17
11
22
16
13
13
14
24
75
78
87
81
79
79
78
87
72
80
79
82
81
70
4
6
2
3
9
8
5
1
4
3
7
5
4
5
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-64
65+
Podgorica
Coast
West
East
Yes
No
I do not know anything
They know something
Know much
FULLY SOMEWHAT TO MAKE ANY SIGNIFICANTG
ende
rR
egio
nK
now
DS
RIn
form
atio
n
•Citizens who know a lot about these children are also more optimistic regarding the possibility of inclusion, while those who do not have personal experience with them are more skeptical.
•In addition to this, more optimistic in their conviction are the young (18 - 29 y.o), citizens with the lowest income, those from rural areas and east of the country.
29Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
9 Ip
sos
Using the following pairs of attributes, try to describe the TYPICAL CHILD in Montenegro
Base: Total target population
9%
6%
8%
9%
7%
10%
11%
13%
26%
23%
81%
78%
78%
76%
76%
73%
71%
70%
61%
56%
1 - Insecure / 7 - Self-confident
1 - Sad / 7 - Cheerful
1 - Estranged from other children / 7 - Open to other children
1 - Fearful / 7 - Brave
1 - Weak character / 7 - Strong character
1 - Pessimistic / 7 - Optimistic
1 - Deprived of his/her rights / 7 - Equal
1 - Equal opportunities as other children / 7 - Unequal possibilities
1 - Depending on others / 7 - Independent
1 - Uncertain future / 7 - Safe future
Sum (1+2+3) Sum (5+6+7)
30Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
9 Ip
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Using the following pairs of attributes, try to describe THE TYPICAL CHILD WITH DISABILITIES in Montenegro
Base: Total target population
56%
51%
53%
65%
66%
70%
75%
85%
74%
84%
24%
22%
21%
16%
15%
14%
8%
6%
6%
5%
1 - Fearful / 7 - Brave
1 - Weak character / 7 - Strong character
1 - Pessimistic / 7 - Optimistic
1 - Deprived of his/her rights / 7 - Equal
1 - Sad / 7 - Cheerful
1 - Estranged from other children / 7 - Open to other children
1 - Equal opportunities as other children / 7 - Unequal possibilities
1 - Depending on others / 7 - Independent
1 - Uncertain future / 7 - Safe future
1 - Insecure / 7 - Self-confident
Suma (1+2+3) Suma (5+6+7)
31Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
9 Ip
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Comparison of a typical child and a child with special needs in average scores
Average values ; Base: Total target population
2
5,8
5,6
5,5
5,5
4,8
5,55,9
5,4
5,7
4,9
1,8
2,5
2,3
2,7
2,9
2,3
3,3
3,2
3,3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 - I nsecure / 7 - Self-confident
1 - Depending on others / 7 - I ndependent
1 - Estranged from other children / 7 - Open toother children
1 - Equal opportunities as other children / 7 -Unequal possibilities
1 - Sad / 7 - C heerful
1 - Deprived of his/her rights / 7 - Equal
1 - I nsecure / 7 - Self-confident
1 - Pessimistic / 7 - Optimistic
1 - Fearful / 7 - Brave
1 - Weak character / 7 - S trong character
Tipical child
A child with special needs
Child with disability is perceived as completely different than typical child in Montenegro: • Typical child in Montenegro is described as cheerful, optimistic, self-confident, independent, equal, with equal
opportunities as other children, brave, open to other children and with strong character. • In contrast to this a child with disability is described as sad, pessimistic, insecure, depending on others deprived of
his/her rights, with unequal possibilities, fearful, estranged from other children and with weak character (all differences are statistically significant).
•Characteristic according to which these two groups of children are perceived as most different is self-confidence.
32Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
9 Ip
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EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
33Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
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44%
27%
16%
4%
8%
0%
They should go to the special educational institutions, in whichcurriculum and access would be adjusted to them
They should go to regular schools, but should go to a separate,special classes where the teaching approach would be
adjusted to their needs
They should go to regular schools, but only to attend someclasses with other children, while other classes they would
have separately, with specially trained teachers
They should go to regular schools and attend regular classeswith other children, to be treated in the same way as otherchildren, without adaptation of the curriculum to their needs
They should go to regular schools and attend regular classeswith other children, but their curriculum and methods of
teaching should be adjusted (teachers should be trained toprovide in the additional help)
Refusal to answer
How should educational access of children with disabilities?
Base: Total target population
Majority of the citizens do not show full understanding for the concept of inclusive education: while 44% think that such children should go to the special educational institutions, in which curriculum and access would be adjusted to them, while 27% of the citizens think that they should go to regular schools, but should go to a separate, special classes where the teaching approach would be adjusted to their needs.
16% of citizens think that the most acceptable is some kind of partial inclusion – they think that these children should attend only some classes together with other children, while they would have other classes separately.
Only 12% of citizens support inclusive education of children with disabilities.
Out of this number, 8% think that curriculum and methods should be adapted to them, while 4% think that there is no need for any adapting.
Inclusive education is more supported by those who are best informed about children with disabilities. On the contrary, it is particularly unacceptable to older citizens (over 65 years of age), as well as population of eastern parts of the country.
34Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
9 Ip
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21%
41%
61%
27%
6%
6%
0%
5%
Not adjusted atall
Partly adjusted
Sum -
Both yes and no
Sum +
Mainly adjusted
Fully adjusted
Do not know
Adaptation of educational systems and methods of educational institutions needs DSR
Base: Total target population
65%
63%
62%
61%
52%
67%
41%
68%
60%
68%
53%
67%
26%
26%
24%
26%
35%
21%
47%
23%
26%
21%
35%
23%
6%
7%
9%
5%
4%
4%
13%
5%
7%
6%
6%
9%
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-64
65+
Podgorica
Coast
West
East
I do not know nothing or little
They know something
They know a lot or very much
Sum - And they are and are not adjusted Sum +
•Almost two thirds of citizens (61%) think that educational system and way of work in educational institutions are not adjusted to children with disabilities – average grade is 2.2 (on the scale from 1 to 5). Only 6% think that they are mainly adjusted, while others are indecisive.
•The eldest citizens, as well as residents of coastal area, evaluate this adjustment of school somewhat more positively, while it is evaluated more negatively by residents of the capital and of the western areas, as well as those least informed about these children.
Gen
der
Reg
ion
Info
rmat
ion
35Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
9 Ip
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Attitude towards inclusive education
Base: Total target population
7%
12%
11%
18%
18%
24%
23%
63%
74%
66%
64%
59%
57%
50%
41%
17%
Schools in Montenegro are not built to be accessible to children withdisabilities, and architectural adaptation of institutions to the needsof these children should be one of the most important tasks of the
state and society.
Inclusion of children with disabilities in regular schools wouldcontribute to better understanding of these children by their peers.
Even when children with disabilities go through their education, theyhave less chances to get a job than the other citizens of the same
level of education.
It's good that children with disabilities attend regular schools,because in this way, social skills and tolerance of other children are
developed
If children with disabilities attend classes in regular schools, it haspositive influence on their development.
For the development of the children with disabilities it is much betterto attend a specialized institution for education, than to go to regular
schools.
If children with disabilities attend classes in regular schools, thisresults in the fact that teachers pay too much attention to them, and
other children are deprived a little bit.Montenegro currently has a lot of more important problems andmany more important issues than the adjustment of the regularschool to the needs of children with disabilities, creating new
educational programs and training teachers to work with these child
Disagrees Agrees
36Inclusion of children with disabilities
© 200
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Attitude towards inclusive education
3,9
3,7
3,6
3,6
3,5
3,4
3,2
2,4
Architecturalcustom
troubleshootinstitutions
Feweropportunities for
employment
Betterunderstanding of
peer
Positive impact onthe development of
other children
Positive impact onthe development of
DSR
The advantage ofspecializedinstitutions
Teachers thementirely incurred
too much attention
Majority of citizens (63%) think that education of children with disabilities is an important social issue that needs to be addressed. 74% think that architectural adaptation of institutions to the needs of these children should be one of the most important tasks of the state.
Majority of citizens also believe that inclusion would have positive effects: it would contribute to better understanding of children with disabilities by their peers (66%), it would influence their development positively (57%), and it would also have positive effects on development of social skills and tolerance of other children (59%).
Opposite to such attitudes, every second citizen still thinks that it is better for children with disabilities to attend specialized institutions than regular school. Almost two thirds of citizens think that, even besides adequate education, these children have less chance of getting a job than other citizens with the same level of education do.
Another 41% of citizens fear that inclusion would produce negative effects on other pupils – teachers would have less time to dedicate to them.
We may conclude that citizens have positive attitude towards inclusion (probably under the influence of social desirability of answers), but that they are still not convinced that inclusion is in the best interest of the very children with disabilities, as well as of other children.
37Inclusion of children with disabilities
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Attitude towards inclusive education
3,5
3,6
3,5
3,7
3,5
3,5
3,5
3,5
3,6
3,6
3,6
3,4
3,4
3,6
3,8
3
4
3
3
4
4
3
4
4
3
3
4
4
3
3
Male
Fem ale
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-64
65+
Prim ary and lower
Secondary
Higher and high
Urban
Rural
I do not know nothing or little
They know som ething
They know a lot or very m uch
It's good that children with disabilities attend regular schools , because in this way, socialskills and tolerance of other children are developed
For the developm ent of the children with disabilities it is m uch better to attend a specializedins titution for education, than to go to regular schools .
•Observed in general, more positive view of inclusion is present among young adults (30-39 years of age), among residents of urban areas and particularly the capital city. The opposite stands for the least educated, residents of rural and eastern parts of the country.
•Inclusion is well rated by persons who are well informed about children with disabilities, while the least informed grade it a lot worse. Persons who have personal experience with children with disability are more aware of positive effects of inclusion for these and other children as well.
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FAMILY AND CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
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The perception of families with children living with disabilities
Base: Total target population
6%
5%
6%
7%
12%
18%
29%
22%
84%
80%
77%
76%
62%
51%
46%
43%
Families of children with disabilities can not be expected to overcomeall the challenges alone, they must be supported by the wider society.
Other children, who are growing up in families with children withdisabilities, learn to be more attentive and more tolerant.
Parents who are raising children with disabilities, usually have todedicate their life to them completely.
I feel sorry for families with a child with disabilities, because they arevictims of unfortunate circumstances.
Parents of children with disabilities often take too patronizing attitudetowards their child, which leads to isolation of that child from other
children.
If a child with disabilities is left without parental care, it is better to putit in a sustainer family than in a home.
For children with disabilities it is better to stay in special institutions,than to live in their families, because these institutions have experts
who are specially trained to work with them
In families where a child with disabilities is growing up, other childrenare usually neglected.
Disagrees Agrees
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The perception of families with children living with disabilities
4,1
4,0
3,9
3,9
3,7
3,5
3,3
3,3
Families of children with disabilitiescan not be expected to overcome all the
challenges alone, they must besupported by the wider society.
I feel sorry for families with a child withdisabilities, because they are victims of
unfortunate circumstances.
Other children, who are growing up infamilies with children with disabilities,
learn to be more attentive and moretolerant.
Parents who are raising children withdisabilities, usually have to dedicate
their life to them completely.
Parents of children with disabilitiesoften take too patronizing attitude
towards their child, which leads to isolation of that child from other
If a child with disabilities is left withoutparental care, it is better to put it in a
sustainer family than in a home.
For children with disabilities it is betterto stay in special institutions, than tolive in their families, because these
institutions have experts who are
In families where a child withdisabilities is growing up, otherchildren are usually neglected.
•Families of children with disabilities evoke, as well as children themselves, pity of general population - great majority of citizens (74%) consider them victims of accident. Majority (84%) also thinks that families with children with disabilities need support of wide society.
•If we ask about perception of these families in detail, we see that respondents (77%) think that parents of these children usually have to dedicate their life to them fully. 62% think that parents often take too patronizing attitude towards their child, which leads to isolation of the child.
As for perception of the position of other children in these families, 43% of citizens think that other children are usually neglected in them. However, 80% think that children from these families learn to be more attentive and more tolerant.
Opinion about whether it is better for children with disabilities to live in specialized institutions or in their own family are divided – institutionalization is supported by almost half of citizens (46%), 29% are against, while others are indecisive.
•Similarly, half of citizens think that if a child is left without parental care, it is better to put it in a sustainer family than in a home, while the other half disagrees or is indecisive.
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The perception of families with children living with disabilities
3,4
3,3
3,0
3,5
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,1
3,4
3,4
3,2
3,0
4,2
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,2
4,2
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,3
Prim ary and lower
Secondary
Higher and high
Do 100 �
101 - 200 �
More then 200 �
Refuses to answer
Urban
Rural
I do not know nothing or little
They know som ething
They know a lot or very m uch
For children with disabilities it is better to s tay in special ins titutions , than to live in their fam ilies ,because these ins titutions have experts who are specially trained to work with them
Fam ilies of children with disabilities can not be expected to overcom e all the challenges alone,they m us t be supported by the wider society.
•Larger number of persons who is better informed about children with disabilities thinks that family is the best place for growing up, and they are even more aware of the need of these families for broader support of the society.
•Belief that it would be better for children with disabilities to grow up in specialized institutions is more widespread among persons who are not informed about these children, as well as among the least educated, population of rural areas and those with the lowest income.
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Whether the state should financially assist families of children with disabilities?
Base: Total target population
Yes97%
No1%
Refuses to answer
2%
Almost all citizens (97%) think that the state should provide financial support for families of children with disabilities.
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INCLUSION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN THE SOCIETY
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12%
32%
45%
45%
10%
8%
2%
Conditions do notexist at all
2
Sum -
3
Sum +
4
Conditions arefulfilled fully
Rating conditions for normal life and development of children with disabilities in Montenegro
Base: Total target population
36%
48%
47%
47%
34%
48%
45%
50%
36%
52%
42%
43%
45%
57%
38%
46%
42%
51%
12%
10%
9%
9%
9%
14%
9%
8%
13%
Primary andlower
Secondary
Higher andhigh
Podgorica
Coast
West
East
Urban
Rural
Sum - 3 Sum +
• Great majority of citizens think that living conditions for children with disabilities are bad in Montenegro (45%) or medium (45%) – average grade for the living conditions that this country provides to these children is 2.6 (the scale from 1 to 5).
• Persons with the lowest level of education, residents of rural and coastal area evaluate these conditions as somewhat better.
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The rights of children with
disabilities are respected
equally as the rights of other children are
50%
The rights of children with
disabilities are respected to a lesser extent
than the rights of other
children are40%
The rights of children with
disabilities are respected to a greater extent than the rights
of other children are
10%
Respect the rights of children in Montenegro Base: Total target population
How to respect the rights of children in Montenegro? Are the rights of children with disabilities follow the same, more or less rights than other
children?
9%
24%
33%
40%
27%
24%
4%
Not respected at all
Mainly notrespected
Sum -
Both yes and no
Sum +
Mainly respected
Completelyrespected
Only 27% of citizens think that children’s rights are mainly respected in Montenegro – citizens mainly believe that these rights are partially respected (average grade 2.9).
The eldest citizens, as well as population of coastal and western areas are somewhat more convinced that these rights are respected.
Opinions about respecting the rights of children with disabilities relative to other children are divided – while half of citizens think that their rights are respected equally as the rights of other children, 40% think that they are respected to a lesser extent.
It is interesting that the remaining 10% (every tenth citizen of Montenegro) think that the rights of children with disabilities are respected more than the rights of other children. They think that these children get more assistance and care than other children do, exactly because of difficulties they are faced with.
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Why do you think that the rights of children with disabilities comply with less / more than the rights of other children? What do you see?
10%
8%
8%
8%
6%
4%
4%
4%
3%
3%
3%
2%
2%
2%
2%
Around them neglected / rejected
Because of their illness / lack of
Indifference of society / s tate
Lack of care, lack of support
The overall s ituation, the relationshipbetween society, s tate
Not all the conditions , opportunities for life
Not all the conditions , opportunities for life
Adapted sys tem of education
Discrim ination / cons ider them lessvaluable
Because of prejudice
The bad regulations / laws violations
Lack of appropriate ins titutions
Otherwise they need
Such children are given m ore attention / help
Unequal opportunities
Multiple responses, Base: those who believe that the rights of DSR respected to a greater or lesser extent than the rights of other children (49% of the target population)
The most commonly quoted reasons for the belief that the rights of these children are respected less are being neglected by the surrounding, indifference of the wider society and the state, lack of care and assistance, not adapted education system, but also lack of understanding, prejudice and negative discrimination.
• They think that these children get more assistance and care than other children do, exactly because of difficulties they are faced with.
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13%
6%
6%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
2%
22%Because of their illness / lack of
Decrease / disability
Not all conditions for living
Environment rejects
The overall situation, therelationship between society
Unequal opportunities
Give them a chance
Discrimination
Lack of care, lack of support
Because of prejudice
The possibilities and opportunities for personal development potential of children with disabilities
Base: Total target population
Yes33%
No67%
Do children with disabilities have the same opportunities and chances for personal development
potential as other children in Montenegro?
Why do you think that children with disabilities have the same advantages and opportunities as other
children who live in Montenegro?
Multiple answers; Base: Respondents who believe that children with disabilities have the same possibilities and opportunities for the development of personal potential (67% of the target population)
• Two thirds of citizens think that children with disabilities don’t have the same opportunities and chances for development of personal potential as other children do, while one third has opposite attitude.
• Citizens see a significant cause for this inequality in children themselves - their illness or disability (22%) or their limited abilities (13%).
•Citizens also recognize social elements of this inequality, but they mainly mention general statements such as “they don’t have all adequate living conditions” or “general situation, attitude of the society”. Concrete causes are recognized to a lesser extent: prejudice and negative discrimination, unadjusted institutions, insufficient financial investments, lack of awareness and understanding.
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Whether in Montenegro there is no law regulating and guaranteeing the rights of children with disabilities?
Base: Total target population
Yes51%
Do not know36%
No13%
• Half of citizens know that Montenegro has a law that regulates and guarantees the rights of children with disabilities. • The eldest citizens (over 65), as well as those with the lowest level of education and residents of rural areas are
even less familiar with legislature. The same is valid for persons who are not in contact with children with disabilities.
36%
33%
30%
34%
48%
47%
33%
26%
37%
31%
43%
32%
44%
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-64
65+
Primary and lower
Secondary
Higher and high
Edocation in progress
Urban
Rural
Yes
NoG
ende
rE
duca
tion
Typ
eK
now
D
SR
Are not familiar:
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The main barriers to creating better living conditions and development of children with disabilities and their inclusion in social life in Montenegro
Multiple answer; Base: Total target population
43%
35%
24%
24%
23%
22%
19%
19%
5%
1%
Lack of money at the local and / or statelevel
The lack of enough well-trainedprofessionals and institutions who deal
with children with special needs
Indifference to the problem of state
Ignorance, lack of awareness of citizensabout the problems of children with
disabilities
Prejudices of the citizens to children withspecial needs
The lack of clear national / local strategiesfor improving the position of children with
disabilities
Indifference of society / citizen of theproblem
Inadequate law regulating the issue ofchildren with disabilities
The existence of major problems in thecountry that would be addressed first
Do not know
• The main barriers for creating of better conditions for life and development of children with disabilities are “objective”: lack of money on local and/or state level (43%), as well as lack of trained professionals and institutions (35%).• To a lesser extent, however, respondents
recognize also indifference, insufficient knowledge (24%), as well as prejudice (23%) as important.
• It is interesting that the best educated citizens perceive lack of money as less important reason than indifference of the state.
• Indifference, prejudice and ignorance are recognized as significantly more important reasons among residents of the capital and in the coastal area, while situation is the opposite in the Eastern parts of the country.
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34%
57%
90%
6%
1%
1%
0%
2%
A lot less money thannecessary
Less money thannecessary
Sum -
Just the right amount ofmoney
Sum +
More money thannecessary
A lot more money thannecessary
Do not know
The perception of government and social welfare programs and support to children with disabilities
Base: Total target population
Nine out of ten citizens of Montenegro think that the society and the state give too little money for programs intended for children with disabilities.
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5%
7%
6%
9%
8%
14%
18%
14%
12%
85%
84%
83%
78%
77%
65%
56%
53%
51%
Parents and siblings of children with disabilities
Health care system
The system of social protection
The government of the republic (state) level
The education system and school institutions
The authorities at the local level
The citizens of Montenegro, fellow? Ani, neighbors, etc..
Media
Non-governmental organizations and civic associations
Minimal or no responsibility Maximum or fully responsible
Perception of the responsibilities of relevant persons and institutions for improving the position of DSR and their integration into broader society
Base: Total target population
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4,3
4,3
4,2
4,1
4,0
3,7
3,6
3,6
3,5
The system of social protection
Parents and siblings of children withdisabilities
Health care system
The education system and schoolinstitutions
The government of the republic(state) level
The authorities at the local level
The citizens of Montenegro citizens,neighbors, etc..
Media
Non-governmental organizationsand civic associations
Perception of the responsibilities of relevant persons and institutions for improving the position of DSR and their integration into broader society
• In the opinion of majority of citizens, the whole society and all its members are perceived as more or less responsible for children with disabilities. However, parents and relatives are expected most from (85%), as well as from healthcare and social protection systems (84, 83%).
• The least responsible, on the other hand, are citizens themselves (56%), media (53%), as well as NGOs (51%).
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The best way to remedy the situation of children with disabilities in our society
Base: Total target population
• Observed in general, positive attitude towards institutional protection of children with disabilities, which is considered necessary at least in some cases, is still widespread among citizens of Montenegro.
• As the best way to help children with disabilities, 40% perceive providing care for them in special institutions. Another 30% think that these institutions should be reserved only for the most severe cases, while majority of these children should be included in all social activities.
• 12% of citizens think that all children with disabilities should be included in the society and adapted to it as much as they can. 13% of citizens think that broad society should and adapt to their specificities. 5%
30%
13%
12%
40%All children w ith disabilities should be put in
special institutions, w ith specially trained staf fand activities adjusted to their abilities.
Only a minority of more dif f icult cases of childrenw ith disabilities should be put in special
institutions, and the majority of children w ithdisabilities should be included in all regular
activities, along w ith other citizens.
The w ider society should, above all, becomeadapted to children w ith disabilities, in order for
them to get included into everyday life the easiestpossible w ay.
All the children w ith disabilities should livetogether w ith other people (not in specialized
institutions) and be, as much as they can,adapted to living in society.
Do not know
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The best way to remedy the situation of children with disabilities in our society
36%
3%
0%
0%
19%
7%
4%
5%
0%
5%
23%
12%
0%
5%
25%
9%
0%
2%
2%
28%
All the DSRshould beplaced in
institutions
Only difficultcases shouldbe placed ininstitutions
All DSR shouldlive togetherwith others
The widersociety needs
to adapt
Because of technical assistance /support adequate
So it's best for them
Should be accepted equally
Better integration into society
It's easier for society to adapt
• Those who think that these children should be taken care of in special institutions explain this view with their belief that these children would be provided adequate and professional help there and that „it is best for them“.
• On the other hand, persons who prefer inclusion say that these children should be accepted as equal, and those who think that the society should be adjusted think that it is easier for the society to be changed.
• Inclusion and adapting of the society are supported more by persons who are informed best about children with disabilities, as well as by population of the capital city.
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Have you heard of the Convention of the United Nations (UN) on the Rights of the Child?
Base: Total target population
Yes67%
No33%
Two thirds of citizens say that they have heard of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, somewhat more those who are best informed about children with disabilities and population of urban areas.
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The perception of respect for the rights of children with disabilities is guaranteed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Montenegro
Base: those who have heard of the Convention of the United Nations (UN) on the Rights of the Child (67% of the target population)
10%
22%
32%
44%
24%
23%
2%
They are not respected at all
Sum -
Sum +
Completely respected
38%
27%
36%
4%
28%
48%
41%
46%
44%
69%
44%
26%
21%
27%
20%
27%
27%
26%
Male
Female
Podgorica
Coast
West
East
Sum -
They are both respected and not respected
Sum +
• Among citizens who have heard of this Convention, only every fourth thinks that the rights that it guarantees are mainly respected in Montenegro. Average grade that these citizens give for balance between real situation in the country and the Convention is 2.8 (on the scale from 1 to 5).
• Women and population of coastal area evaluate this balance somewhat more positively, while it is the opposite with men, persons with the lowest income and residents of eastern areas.
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SUMMARY
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Summary
Children with disabilities rouse compassion of Montenegrin citizens, and they are associated with suffering, bad luck, helplessness.
Clearly visible physical characteristics (deformations, defects, problems with mobility) are the most important criterion according to which children with disabilities are categorized. In addition to children who lack part of the body or who have a physical impairment, citizens identify to the highest extent with this category the children with sensory or mental disabilities.
Majority of the citizens of Montenegro have personal experience with children with disabilities – more than two thirds of the citizens know some child with disabilities or parent of such child. Nine out of ten citizens have at least occasional contact with such children.
Despite that, the citizens are generally poorly informed about this topic, judging by their own assessment , but also judging by their estimation of the number of children with disabilities, awareness of modern technologies and legal regulations. The main source of information are media. For those who have contacts with children with disabilities the main source of information is personal experience.
Observed in general, it seems that two dimensions of citizens’ attitudes towards children with disabilities can be differentiated. On one hand, the citizens mainly express sympathies for these children and they think that everything possible should be done to help them. On the other hand, it seems that deep-rooted conviction is that such children are essentially different from other children, which is why, despite their own efforts and efforts of the society, they can never be completely integrated in society.
In support of such observation speaks a pronounced social distance towards children with disabilities – while majority of the citizens have nothing against such children living in their neighborhood, decisive majority still wouldn’t accept closer levels of relationship with them (friendship or emotional relationship).
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Summary
Just somewhat above one out of ten citizens support inclusive education of children with disabilities, while decisive majority of them think that it is in the best interest of such children to be educated in special institutions, or at least in special classes .
Citizens recognize the need that schools and educational system should be adapted to children with disabilities, as well as positive effects of including these children in regular school, but they still doubt final effects of inclusion, for both children with disabilities, and for other children.
Citizens empathize with families with children with disabilities, they show understanding for the challenges they are faced with and they think that they need support of broad society, including financial assistance.
However, almost every second citizen gives advantage to institutionalization of children with disabilities over raising these children in families (natural or sustainer).
Great majority of citizens think that living conditions for children with disabilities are bad in Montenegro. They agree that rights of children are respected only partially, while opinion on whether rights of children with disabilities are respected more or less than rights of other children is not uniform.
Two thirds of citizens believe that children with disabilities don’t have equal possibilities for personal development as other children do, and they think that the key barrier is their own disability and not social factors.
As the main barriers for more extensive inclusion of children with disabilities in the society are perceived “objective factors”, primarily lack of means on local and state level, as well as lack of professionals. Citizens have positive attitude towards allocation of more funds for this purpose.
However, citizens recognize as significant obstacles also social factors such as lack of interest, lack of information, negative attitudes and prejudices.
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Summary
Protagonists most responsible for the welfare of children with disabilities are considered to be their parents and relatives. Relevant state institutions are healthcare and social protection institutions.
When we ask citizens about the best way to help children with disabilities, we once again hear widespread beliefs about impossibility of integration and positive attitudes towards institutionalization. Largest number of citizens think that institutional care for all (40%) or at least some children (30%) is the best that can be done for them. Only one fourth of citizens think that all children with disabilities should be included in the society or that society should be adapted to them.
In general, personal experience with children with disabilities and more knowledge are in positive correlation with their more extensive acceptance and more positive attitude towards inclusion of these children. Also young, well educated and residents of urban areas share positive opinion about inclusion, while the least educated persons, those with the lowest income and residents of rural areas have opposite opinion.
The most important source of information for citizens of Montenegro is TV. Better educated citizens and residents of urban areas get informed also from newspapers, while Internet is an important source for young people.
Citizens trust domestic media most, primarily TV stations and print. They also trust information received from their close ones - friends and relatives.