Renewable Energy in South KoreaRenewable Energy in South Korea: Solar City : Solar City Daegu'sDaegu's Challenge Challenge
Research Institute for Energy, Environment and EconomyResearch Institute for Energy, Environment and EconomyKyungpookKyungpook National UniversityNational University
JongJong--dalldall KimKim
The 1st Asia Pacific Green Power Conference 20-21 March 2003, Tokyo, Japan
Comparison of Average Annual Growth Rates ofGNP and Commercial Energy Consumption
(per capita, 1985-1995)
Comparison of Average Annual Growth Rates ofGNP and Commercial Energy Consumption
(per capita, 1985-1995)
(%)
WorldWorld ChinaChinaS.KoreaS.KoreaAsiaAsia JapanJapan TaiwanTaiwan0
2
4
6
8
10
0.8%
8.3%
- 0.3%
7.7%
9.5%
3.4%3.3%2.2%
6.7%5.9%
2.9%2.8%
GNPEnergy
WorldWorld USAUSA AsiaAsia JapanJapan S.KoreaS.Korea ChinaChina0
0.5
1.5
2.0
2.519851995
Ener
gy In
tens
ityEn
ergy
Inte
nsity
(Toe
/ $1
000
of G
DP*
)(T
oe /
$100
0 of
GD
P*)
Center for Energy and Environmental PolicyCenter for Energy and Environmental Policy
* * Toe: tons of oil equivalent; GDP in constant dollars.Toe: tons of oil equivalent; GDP in constant dollars.
Comparison of Energy IntensityComparison of Energy Intensity
0.510.42
0.38
0.16
0.49
2.35
0.420.38
0.40
0.16
0.561.43
JISEEF I Scenario Cost-Effectiveness Tests
JISEEF I Scenario Cost-Effectiveness Tests
Industrial Sector : Industrial Sector : Payback period : Average = 1.23 years; maximum of 7 years (less than one-tenth of 1% of cases involve 7-year paybacks)
Payback period : Average = 1.23 years; maximum of 7 years (less than one-tenth of 1% of cases involve 7-year paybacks)
Residential and Commercial Sector:Residential and Commercial Sector:Cost of Conserved Energy (CCE) < 5.0 cents/kWh
(60 Won/kWh)Cost of Conserved Energy (CCE) < 5.0 cents/kWh
(60 Won/kWh)
Transportation Sector :Transportation Sector :Payback Period < 5 yearsPayback Period < 5 years
Joint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental FuturJoint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental Futuree
Primary Energy Saving in South KoreaPrimary Energy Saving in South Korea
(Unit : M.TOE , %) ((Unit : M.Unit : M.TOE , %) TOE , %)
80
90
100
120
1998 2000 2010 2020
MOCIE/KEEI BAU
MOCIE/KEEI BAU
FullImplementation
FullImplementation
Korea Industrial Sector ScenarioThree Implementation Options
Korea Industrial Sector ScenarioThree Implementation Options
110
130
25.0%25.0%
Joint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental FuturJoint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental Futuree
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Mill
ion
TOE)
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Mill
ion
TOE)
70
Major Policy CommitmentMajor Policy Commitment
16.3%16.3%
Korea Transportation Sector ScenarioThree Implementation Options
Korea Transportation Sector ScenarioThree Implementation Options
FullImplementation
FullImplementation
MOCIE/KEEI BAU
MOCIE/KEEI BAU
20
30
40
50
60
70
1998 2000 2010 2020
25.0%25.0%
Joint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental FuturJoint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental Futuree
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Mill
ion
TOE)
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Mill
ion
TOE) Major Policy
CommitmentMajor Policy Commitment 16.3%16.3%
Korea Residential Sector ScenarioThree Implementation Options
Korea Residential Sector ScenarioThree Implementation Options
MOCIE/KEEI BAU
MOCIE/KEEI BAU
FullImplementation
FullImplementation
20
25
35
40
1998 2000 2010 2020
30
45
Joint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental FuturJoint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental Futuree
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Mill
ion
TOE)
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Mill
ion
TOE)
Major Policy CommitmentMajor Policy Commitment
22.0%22.0% 33.8%33.8%
MOCIE/KEEI BAU
MOCIE/KEEI BAU
FullImplementation
FullImplementation
5
15
20
30
1998 2000 2010 2020
Korea Commercial Sector ScenarioThree Implementation Options
Korea Commercial Sector ScenarioThree Implementation Options
10
2535.8%35.8%
Joint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental FuturJoint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental Futuree
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Mill
ion
TOE)
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Mill
ion
TOE) Major Policy
CommitmentMajor Policy Commitment
16.3%16.3%
S.Korea’s Energy Efficiency ScenariosS.Korea’s Energy Efficiency Scenarios
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Mill
ion
TOE)
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Mill
ion
TOE)
5050
100100
150150
200200
250250
300300
350350
0019981998 20102010 20202020
28.7%28.7%
Joint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental FuturJoint Institute for a Sustainable Energy and Environmental Futuree
BAUBAU
16.7%16.7%
FullImplementation
FullImplementation
20002000
Savings = 95.4 MTOESavings = 95.4 MTOE
Major Policy CommitmentMajor Policy Commitment
Savings = 62.1 MTOESavings = 62.1 MTOE
S. Korea
Japan
Italy
U.S.A
France
Australia
New Zealand
1.01
2.1
2.6
4.1
4.2
5.2
11.1
18.1
Source : Energy balances of OECD countries,IEA, 1997-1998
Austria
Renewable Energy rate of Major Countries(%)Renewable Energy rate of Major Countries(%)
((As of the end of 2001)As of the end of 2001)
Source: MOCIE, South Korea.Source: MOCIE, South Korea.
Utilization of New and Renewable Energy by Source Utilization of New and Renewable Energy by Source
New Policy for Purchaging Prices for Renewables
New Policy for Purchaging Prices for Renewables
( ): cents if 1300 won/dollarsource: MOCIE, Korea.average electiricy price: 5 cent
Solar CitySolar CitySolar CitySolar CitySolar CitySolar CitySolar CitySolar City DaeguDaeguDaeguDaeguDaeguDaeguDaeguDaegu Plan(SCDP) is to systematically introduce Plan(SCDP) is to systematically introduce Plan(SCDP) is to systematically introduce Plan(SCDP) is to systematically introduce Plan(SCDP) is to systematically introduce Plan(SCDP) is to systematically introduce Plan(SCDP) is to systematically introduce Plan(SCDP) is to systematically introduce
solar and other renewable energy sources, technologies solar and other renewable energy sources, technologies solar and other renewable energy sources, technologies solar and other renewable energy sources, technologies solar and other renewable energy sources, technologies solar and other renewable energy sources, technologies solar and other renewable energy sources, technologies solar and other renewable energy sources, technologies
and industries. Also, It focuses on sustainable emission and industries. Also, It focuses on sustainable emission and industries. Also, It focuses on sustainable emission and industries. Also, It focuses on sustainable emission and industries. Also, It focuses on sustainable emission and industries. Also, It focuses on sustainable emission and industries. Also, It focuses on sustainable emission and industries. Also, It focuses on sustainable emission
targets including targets including targets including targets including targets including targets including targets including targets including greenghousegreenghousegreenghousegreenghousegreenghousegreenghousegreenghousegreenghouse gases, and aims at urban gases, and aims at urban gases, and aims at urban gases, and aims at urban gases, and aims at urban gases, and aims at urban gases, and aims at urban gases, and aims at urban
business and industry in solar and other renewable energy business and industry in solar and other renewable energy business and industry in solar and other renewable energy business and industry in solar and other renewable energy business and industry in solar and other renewable energy business and industry in solar and other renewable energy business and industry in solar and other renewable energy business and industry in solar and other renewable energy
technology systems.technology systems.technology systems.technology systems.technology systems.technology systems.technology systems.technology systems.
Purpose & Conception of Solar CityPurpose & Conception of Solar CityPurpose & Conception of Solar CityPurpose & Conception of Solar CityPurpose & Conception of Solar CityPurpose & Conception of Solar CityPurpose & Conception of Solar CityPurpose & Conception of Solar CityPurpose & Conception of Solar CityPurpose & Conception of Solar CityPurpose & Conception of Solar CityPurpose & Conception of Solar City
Background of Solar City Project
!! Solar City Concept is firstly introduced 3 Solar City Concept is firstly introduced 3 years ago, and confirmed formal IEA project years ago, and confirmed formal IEA project in 1999. in 1999. ((Exco Exco IEA task 30).IEA task 30).
!! Solar City project has implemented from 2002 Solar City project has implemented from 2002 for 5 years after preparatory period and for 5 years after preparatory period and during this time it has organized preparatory during this time it has organized preparatory workshop 4 times. workshop 4 times.
DaeguDaeguDaeguDaegu Solar City ModelSolar City ModelSolar City ModelSolar City Model
Daegu Solar City 2006Daegu Solar City 2006Daegu Solar City 2006Daegu Solar City 2006
Daegu Solar City ModelDaegu Solar City ModelDaegu Solar City ModelDaegu Solar City Model
Solar EnergySolar EnergySolar EnergySolar Energy
1. 1. 1. 1. Solar Cell GenerationSolar Cell GenerationSolar Cell GenerationSolar Cell Generation2. 2. 2. 2. Solar Heating/CoolingSolar Heating/CoolingSolar Heating/CoolingSolar Heating/Cooling3. 3. 3. 3. Solar VillageSolar VillageSolar VillageSolar Village4. Solar Thema Park 4. Solar Thema Park 4. Solar Thema Park 4. Solar Thema Park
Other Renewable EnergyOther Renewable EnergyOther Renewable EnergyOther Renewable Energy
1. 1. 1. 1. Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiencyEnergy efficiencyEnergy efficiency2. 2. 2. 2. RDF energyRDF energyRDF energyRDF energy3. 3. 3. 3. Bio gas Bio gas Bio gas Bio gas 4. 4. 4. 4. Reuse of wasteReuse of wasteReuse of wasteReuse of waste----heatheatheatheat5. 5. 5. 5. Wind power Wind power Wind power Wind power
Solar ComplexSolar ComplexSolar ComplexSolar Complex
---- Solar Industrial ParkSolar Industrial ParkSolar Industrial ParkSolar Industrial Park---- TechnoTechnoTechnoTechno----ParkParkParkPark---- Sustainable AgricultureSustainable AgricultureSustainable AgricultureSustainable Agriculture
6. 6. 6. 6. Waste recyclingWaste recyclingWaste recyclingWaste recycling
1.1.1.1.Greening City ProjectGreening City ProjectGreening City ProjectGreening City Project
---- Implant 2 million TreesImplant 2 million TreesImplant 2 million TreesImplant 2 million Trees
2.2.2.2.Blue Sky ProjectBlue Sky ProjectBlue Sky ProjectBlue Sky Project
3. 3. 3. 3. EcoEcoEcoEco----ParkParkParkPark
Harmony with natureHarmony with natureHarmony with natureHarmony with natureToward advanced Toward advanced Toward advanced Toward advanced technotechnotechnotechno----economyeconomyeconomyeconomy
Green EnvironmentGreen EnvironmentGreen EnvironmentGreen Environment EcoEcoEcoEco----EconomyEconomyEconomyEconomy
---- LNG BUSLNG BUSLNG BUSLNG BUS
---- LPG TruckLPG TruckLPG TruckLPG Truck
---- Mass transportationMass transportationMass transportationMass transportation
River and Central CityRiver and Central City
SOAR energy technology applicationsSOAR energy technology applications
Community, industry and marketCommunity, industry and marketdevelopmentdevelopment
Urban and regional greenhouse/energy planningUrban and regional greenhouse/energy planning
Solar CitySolar City’’s scopes scope
Solar Energy Facility in SacramentoSolar Energy Facility in SacramentoSolar Energy Facility in Sacramento
RoofRoof Power PlanPower Plan
Parking AreaParking Area Zoo ParkZoo Park
Solar Heat and Photovoltaic(houses & apartment, in Germany)
Solar Heat and PhotovoltaicSolar Heat and Photovoltaic(houses & apartment, in Germany)(houses & apartment, in Germany)
Policy Research Policy Research Solar City Daegu CenterSolar City Daegu Center
NGO Network and Laws
Solar Technology CenterSolar Technology CenterRenewable and Alternative Energy TechnologyRenewable and Alternative Energy Technology
IEA Solar City ProjectIEA Solar City Project
Eco-design : Solar Building and Urban PlanEco-design : Solar Building and Urban Plan
Solar City Code Solar City Code Citizen’s Coalition for Solar City DaeguCitizen’s Coalition for Solar City Daegu
Bridge Expert, Industry and NGOBridge Expert, Industry and NGO
Specific Projects (1)Specific Projects (1)
Specific Projects (2)Specific Projects (2)
Solar Hot Water System: 10,000 housesSolar Hot Water System: 10,000 houses
Solar Thermal SystemSolar Thermal System
Solar Heating System : 2,000 units(Houses, Buildings) 35 houses, 3 units(agriculture)
Solar Heating System : 2,000 units(Houses, Buildings) 35 houses, 3 units(agriculture)
Roof-top PV : 512 unitsRoof-top PV : 512 unitsSolar PowerSolar Power
PV Street Lights: 1,000 unitsPV Street Lights: 1,000 units
Green Village : PV, Fuel Cell, Thermal: 1 unit(50 houses)Green Village : PV, Fuel Cell, Thermal: 1 unit(50 houses)
Solar ComplexSolar ComplexSolar School: hot water, PV: 43 unitsSolar School: hot water, PV: 43 units
Solar Maeul(District): 6 unitsSolar Maeul(District): 6 units
Specific Projects (3)Specific Projects (3)
Wind Power: 2 unitsWind Power: 2 unitsOther Renewable EnergyOther Renewable EnergyOther Renewable Energy
Small Hydraulic Power: 2 unitsSmall Hydraulic Power: 2 unitsResearch on Hydrogen VehicleResearch on Hydrogen VehicleRecovery of Waste Heat from Dyeing FactoriesRecovery of Waste Heat from Dyeing Factories
Use of RDF: 200 ton/yearUse of RDF: 200 ton/year
Energy from Solid Waste Energy from Solid Waste Energy from Solid Waste Use of LFG: 117,000m3/year(10,000 houses)Use of LFG: 117,000m3/year(10,000 houses)
Solar City Daegu’s Major Project
!! Green Village ProjectGreen Village Project!! EcoEco--complex Park Projectcomplex Park Project!! Solar Campus Project Solar Campus Project !! Solar Park ProjectSolar Park Project
Solar Park
Eco-Complex Park
Solar Campus
Green Village
Green VillageGreen Village
Green Village
Green VillageGreen Village
Land Use MapLand Use Map
" detached houses
" space: 39,450㎡㎡㎡㎡
(11,950 pyung)
Green Village Green Village
PlanPlan
PV, Solar Thermal, Hydrogen, Recycling System of Water and WastPV, Solar Thermal, Hydrogen, Recycling System of Water and Wastee
Reference Model
EcoEcoEcoEco----complex Park Project complex Park Project complex Park Project complex Park Project
PV System PV System PV System PV System 600600600600KW (4 year project)KW (4 year project)KW (4 year project)KW (4 year project)
PVPVPVPV
InverterInverterInverterInverter
MonitoringMonitoringMonitoringMonitoring
EcoEcoEcoEco----complex Park Project complex Park Project complex Park Project complex Park Project
2005 : 1802005 : 1802005 : 1802005 : 180KW 2004KW 2004KW 2004KW 2004 : 180: 180: 180: 180KW 2003KW 2003KW 2003KW 2003: 180: 180: 180: 180KW KW KW KW 2002200220022002: : : : 60606060KWKWKWKW
totaltotaltotaltotal 600600600600KWKWKWKW
Solar Park 1st Solar Park 1st Solar Park 1st Solar Park 1st ProejctProejctProejctProejct
As a part of Bongmoo Solar
park
PV stree lighting system was
established(6 units).
Solar Park 2nd projectSolar Park 2nd projectSolar Park 2nd projectSolar Park 2nd project
2222ndndndnd project(parking place)project(parking place)project(parking place)project(parking place)
200KW200KW200KW200KW
Solar Park 2nd projectSolar Park 2nd projectSolar Park 2nd projectSolar Park 2nd project
SolarSolarSolarSolar Campus Plan in KNUCampus Plan in KNUCampus Plan in KNUCampus Plan in KNU
•• importance of universityimportance of university’’s networking and clustering to s networking and clustering to
introduce solar energy and other renewable energy in city leveintroduce solar energy and other renewable energy in city level.l.
•• University is suitable place to install solar energy facility asUniversity is suitable place to install solar energy facility as
energy consumption objectenergy consumption object..
•• Installation of solar energy facility in the university and Installation of solar energy facility in the university and
education of renewable energy has influence on developmenteducation of renewable energy has influence on development
strategy to local government and private company.strategy to local government and private company.
•• In this context, In this context, ‘‘Solar Campus PlanSolar Campus Plan’’ in KNU is promoted. in KNU is promoted.
Solar thermal collectors
installed at gymnasium
Solar thermal collectors
installed at gymnasium
Library: on-grid system with 30 kW capacity. Library: on-grid system with 30 kW capacity.
Pond: waterspout (3kW on-grid system)Pond: waterspout (3kW on-grid system)
Streetlights
(stand alone systems)
Streetlights
(stand alone systems)
Green DaeguGreen DaeguRealization of Daegu VisionRealization of Daegu Vision
Global Geen Cooperation
Global Warming ResponseGlobal Warming ResponseSpecific Local EffortSpecific Local Effort
Expectation of SC Daegu Expectation of SC Daegu
Best Technology and EconomyBest Technology and Economy
Task of Local Agenda 21Task of Local Agenda 21
Globalization of DaeguGlobalization of DaeguIndustry and Citizen’s InvolvementIndustry and Citizen’s Involvement