ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
Renewable energy (sources) or RES capture
their energy from existing flows of energy, from
on-going natural processes, such as sunshine,
wind, flowing water, biological processes, and
geothermal heat flows.
RENEWABLE
TECHNOLOGY Capturing renewable energy by
plants, animals and humans does not
permanently deplete the resource,
though there is a price for the system.
Fossil fuels, while theoretically
renewable on a very long time-scale,
are exploited at rates that may deplete
these resources in the near future.
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
RENEWABLE SOURCES FOSSIL SOURCES
SOLAR RADIATION
WIND, BIOMASS, HYDRO COAL, LIGNITE
PETROLEUM
NATURAL GAS
ENERGY SOURCES
RENEWABLE SOURCES?
• REDUCE ENVRONMENTAL IMPACT & MITIGATE GLOBAL WARMING.
WHY SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL SOURCES WITH
_,,....----,( food & ,neans to prepare it )
,-------1 drinking & irrigation water
IMPROVE ACCESS
OF POOR TO
ASSETS, GOODS
& SERVICES
shelter - sanitation
health-care
'----.::�---===::::::::::::::::::::_j LITERACY & E
DUCATl ON
EMPLOYMENT, LIVELYHOOD
What can RET do for rural Areas?
SOURCES WITH SOURCES?
RENEWABLE
• MAKE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE.
• ENERGY OF LIGHT,WIND AND FLOWING
WATER AND ENERGY STORED IN
BIOMASS: EXPLOIT INTELLIGENTLY-
EVEN IF DISPERSED, & INTERMITTENT
THEY ARE RENEWED.
• CONSERVE FOSSIL FUELS
WHY SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL
India clear year.
receives 300 • sunny days in a This is far more
than the total energy consumption of this country in a year.
Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) power in households, telecommunications, defence, railways and others.
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SOLAR RADIATION
DIRECT SUN POWER
Manufacturing •
• low-cost solar PV cells/modules
• Standard SPV power
packs for supply of
electricity
Solar Photovoltaics:
Technology Transfer
• Indian PV industry has the
technology for the PV
modules and is able to
manufacture the silicon
solar cells, PV modules
and PV systems.
Solar Photovoltaics : POWER FROM SUN
• Widely employed
in India are
Non-grid thermal
technologies:
• solar
• solar
• solar
water heating,
cookers,
air heating.
Solar Thermal
• State Government extended subsidy for installation of solar water heating system in some of the institutions including Government hospitals, hostels etc.
• For the year 2004-05, Government has sanctioned Rs.15.00 lakhs for installation of 24-Nos. of 1000 LPD systems under subsidy and 12-Nos. of 500 LPD systems in Government Institutions with full cost.
Solar Thermal: Tamil Nadu
• Government of Tamil Nadu sanctioned an
amount of Rs.4.61 lakhs for providing subsidy
for drying of various products, for a total
capacity of 440 m² during 2003-04. Two
systems for a total capacity of 168 m2 have
been installed. The balance of works is under
implementation.
Solar air heating system
• Dish type cookers for
10 to 15 persons and
steam cooking for more
number of persons
using solar thermal
energy have also been
developed. MNES, GOI
provides subsidy upto 50% of cost.
Solar cookers:
WIND POWER India is the fifth largest wind
power producer in the world.
•
It has a wind power
generation capacity of 3,595
MW.
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The wind potential in India:
[estimated] 45, 000 MW.
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Almost 6.5 billion units of
electricity have been fed to
various state grids from
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wind power projects.
Fiscal & promotional incentives:
Concessional import
duty on specified wind
turbine parts.
80 percent accelerated
depreciation.
Customs and Excise duty relief; Loans through IREDA. Tax holiday for power
generation projects
WIND POWER
the area, a wind turbine rated in the range
sMALL
WIND
EsNvEs
���s
of 5 to 15 kW would be required to make
significant contribution to about
830 kWh per month).
a
• A 1.5- kW wind turbine will meet the needs of a home requiring 300
kWh per
month in a location with a 14-mile-per-hour
(6.26-meters-per-second) annual
average wind speed.
• Depending on the average wind speed in
• Wind Assessment studies identified places having
wind speed of more than 18 kmph. Demonstration
wind farms for a total capacity of 19 MW were set by
Tamil Nadu Electricity Board in stages from among
the 41 identified places. Following this starting from
the first private sector wind farm in Tamil Nadu
during 1990, large numbers were installed.
WIND POWER: Tamil Nadu-1
• Wind power projects at the capacity of 1664
MW as on 31.12.2004 have been set up in 20
areas through private sector. This constitutes
more than 50% of the installed capacity in the
country. Though the target fixed for Tenth
Five Year Plan (2002-2007) is 500 MW, total
additional capacity made in the first three
years (April 2002 to Dec.2004) is 807 MW.
WIND POWER: Tamil Nadu-2
Biomass Power
• The applications of biomass energy: thermal
or heat, mechanical water pumping for
irrigation and power generation [IGCC]
including village electrification and industrial
applications.
Gasifiers • At one end is advanced bagasse cogeneration, for
which the government launched a program to tap
the 3500 MW cogeneration potential of India’s cane
sugar industry – the largest in
the world.
• At the other end of the scale are small-scale
biomass gasifiers, to substitute for diesel fuel in
village power installations, providing health,
environmental, and employment benefits for rural
communities.
BIOMASS POWER: Cogeneration &
A National Programme on Biomass Power/Cogeneration
with four components, is implemented to tap the large
biomass potential. These four components are:
§ biomass gasification for energy,
§ biomass/bagasse-based co- generation,
§ research and development and,
§ biomass resource assessment.
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BIOMASS POWER: Cogeneration & Gasifiers
Co-generation • The scheme for producing steam from bagasse high
pressure boilers in sugar mills and generating electricity
for export of surplus power to TNEB and using the low
pressure steam after power generation for process has
been successfully implemented in Tamil Nadu and other
sugar-cane growing States..
T.N.: BIO ENERGY SYSTEMS:
An estimated potential of about 15,000 MW of SHP exists in India.
SMALL HYDRO PROJECTS
• MNES currently has a database of 4,233 potential sites with an aggregate capacity
10,071 MW for projects upto 25 MW.
of
• From 1989 to 1993, the thrust was on
setting up of demonstration projects in
States to regenerate interest of State
Governments/ SEBs to set up SHP projects.
For this purpose capital subsidy of up to 50%
of the cost of project subject to a maximum of
Rs. 2.50 crores per MW was provided.
SMALL HYDRO POWER
• For SHP, main thrust areas: • 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Nation-wise small hydro resource assessment Encouragement to commercial SHP projects
SHP projects
States to exploit small hydro potential
mills
Renovation and modernization of old
Special incentives to North-Eastern
Development and up-gradation of water
Industry based research and development
Small hydropower development-1
• 150 MW Kopili Hydro Electric Project –
Assam – commissioned.
• 405 MW Ranganadi (Arunachal Pradesh) &
75 MW Doyang (Nagaland) Hydro Electric
Projects – under implementation.
• Also funded a large number of micro-hydel
and non-conventional energy schemes
Small hydropower development-2
devices/systems • Biogas plants,
• Improved cooking stoves,
• Biomass conversion plants,
• Solar energy conversion systems
power, Thermal),
• Wind energy electric systems,
• Small hydro power,
(Cooker, PV
• Other new and emerging technologies
Major renewable energy
Systems designed with RE sources should meet the same performance standards as those based on fossil sources besides being environmentally safe and sustainable.
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Systems are to be suitable for operation rural areas, meeting their needs.
Poverty elimination and economic development are to be the benefits of using these systems.
in •
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EVOLVE ‘RET’ STANDARDS
technology • limited information,
• lack of technical skills and
• institutional capacity,
• prohibitive costs, and
• inaccessibility to technology.
• Trained staff are needed at the
professional level technical and
Barriers to adopt renewable energy
• Trained staff are needed at the technical and
professional levels to meet the current and
expected increase in jobs.
• With the knowledge and skills to develop,
promote and implement new methods of
sustainable energy production, they can
• improve the efficiency of existing systems
and appliances.
RET manpower training: a felt need
• Specialized technical institutions meant to
provide services for testing and
standardization of the devices, are sponsored
by MNES. These institutions are also
engaged in constant up gradation of the
production technology and improve the
operational efficiency of these devices.
Specialised Technical Institutions
solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems.
2. Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-
WET) deals with wind energy.
3. Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute
of Renewable Energy (SSSNIRE) will look
after all other renewable energy areas.
1. Solar Energy Centre (SEC) is devoted to