SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.0
Release Information
October 2014 1/37
Release Information – PSS®SINCAL Platform 11.0
This document describes the most important additions and changes to the new program version. See the
product manuals for a more detailed description.
1 General Remarks 2
1.1 Licensing 2
1.2 General Configuration of the PSS SINCAL Platform 2
2 PSS®SINCAL 3
2.1 User Interface 3
2.2 Electrical Networks 11
3 PSS®NETOMAC 30
3.1 User Interface 30
3.2 Calculation Methods 34
4 PSS®NEVA 37
4.1 New Functions for Eigenvalue and Modal Analysis 37
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.0
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1 General Remarks
1.1 Licensing
To operate the PSS SINCAL Platform 11.0, new license files are required. Once the program is
installed, these can be requested at the PSS SINCAL Platform Support (phone +43 699 12364435,
email [email protected]).
From Version 11.0, the PSS®SINCAL, PSS
®NETOMAC, PSS
®PDMS, PSS
®NEVA and
PSS®GMB/NETCAD are licensed with a common license file.
1.2 General Configuration of the PSS SINCAL Platform
The PSS Tool program enables general settings to be made for the applications of the PSS SINCAL
platform. These are carried out as before in the Configuration tab.
The Use local AppData directory option is a new feature here. This enables user-specific
application data to always be stored in the local AppData directory instead of the roaming AppData
directory (%APPDATA%) that is actually provided for it. This may be useful if the roaming of the
application data is particularly slow when network connections are poor.
The License File section is also a new feature. This is used to enter the license file required for
activating the PSS SINCAL Platform. This license file can be copied to any local directory as
required. Be aware here that each configuration completed only applies to one product version and is
also user-specific. In other words, different users can utilize different license files on the same
computer without any problem.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.0
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2 PSS®SINCAL
2.1 User Interface
New Provider for Background Maps
Since the beginning of 2014, the free Cloudmade background maps linked in PSS SINCAL have no
longer been available free of charge. The use of these maps is now subject to a charge.
In order to enable the use of free background maps, the provider MapQuest
(http://www.mapquest.com/http://www.mapquest.com) has been linked. The maps available free of
charge from this provider are likewise based on the OpenStreetMap data, i.e. they have the same
quality as those of Cloudmade.
They are configured as before in the Options dialog box. In the Background Maps tab it is now also
possible to select MapQuest as a map provider as well as Bing and Cloudmade.
Functional Enhancements in the Network Browser
The network browser in PSS SINCAL is the central tool for the non-modal processing of data
structures. In other words, the network graphics can be operated normally if the network browser is
active, unlike a data screen form or a dialog box. However, this function is far more difficult to
implement than a modal data screen form or dialog box since it requires continuous updating and
synchronization, depending on the active window and the content currently selected. Consequently,
only the most important data required for editing and evaluating networks is provided in the network
browser.
The Owner and Route functions were added to the editing functions in the network browser so that
the following functions are now available:
Topology
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Network Element Group
Graphic Element Group
Owner
Malfunction Scenario
Master Resource
Models
Feeder
Route
Calculate Routes
Update Graphics
Enhanced Functions for ISO Areas
All parameters set for the ISO areas are now saved in the SIN file of the network. When the network
is opened again, this makes all parameters available with exactly the same settings as before.
The ISO areas can now also be displayed transparently over the background images and maps. A
new option is provided for this that enables the opacity (Alpha) of the ISO visualization to be set.
This transparency can, however, only be used in the network graphics in conjunction with Direct2D
display and a transparent printout is likewise not possible. In other words, this new function can only
be used for screen evaluations.
Enhanced Switching Icons
Two new icons were added to the range of switching icons for the connections of network
elements in electrical networks: Circuit breakers and disconnectors. The simplified display of circle
and rectangle is used, as is already provided for the additional breaker element.
The Coloring of switches according to switch status (opened/closed) is also possible. The coloring
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of the switches can be configured in the Format settings of the View.
New Selection Mode
The selection function in the graphics editor has been enhanced. It is now possible set whether the
elements to be selected must be completely or only partially covered in the selection area. This
setting is made with the toolbar button Select Objects – Selection Mode – Partially Covered.
Enhanced Tooltips
The function for displaying tooltips in the graphics editor was extensively upgraded.
Previously, the tooltip only displayed the data that was shown at the terminal of the element (results)
or on the symbol of the element (input data) in the annotation in the graphics editor.
It is now possible to individually configure the information shown in the tooltip. For this the tooltip is
assigned to an object type, for which the display content can be set in the Annotation and Filters
dialog box. The object type is assigned to the tooltips in the Options dialog box in the Advanced
Document Settings.
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The following illustration shows the new tooltip on an asynchronous machine. The load flow results
(P and Q) are displayed in the network graphics. The tooltip, on the other hand, shows both the input
data as well as the individually configured load flow results (P, Q, S and cosphi).
Enhancements in the Diagram System
The user-defined objects in the diagram system have been made more flexible. The horizontal and
vertical markers can now display the position in the text label. This also functions with the new data
series label which can be assigned to one or two signals. This enables significant signal values to be
highlighted or the difference between two data series to be visualized. The following illustration
shows a protection diagram with the new object.
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The ability to move all user-defined objects interactively in the diagram is a particularly useful feature.
When the mouse cursor is placed over a user-defined object, the symbol changes here to indicate
that interactive changes are possible.
The Show Signal Position function has also been improved. As before, the function can be
activated via the toolbar of the diagram window. The values of the data series for a defined X position
can then be shown in the legend. The values at the data series and on the X axis are marked with a
special round position marker and can also be moved interactively in the diagram.
In order to simplify the editing of user-defined data series in the diagrams, a new dialog box has been
added that enables the data of the series to be edited in tabular form.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.0
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Enhanced Filter Function in Tabular View
The filter functions provided in Tabular View have been enhanced. It is now possible to also define
more complex filter expressions to reduce the amount of display, and the Filter Excluding Selection
function that has been requested by many users is now provided.
Enhanced Variant Management Function
The function for using a variant as a base variant has been enhanced. Previously, using the function
deleted all variant data and the selected variant was used as a base. Although it was possible to
define a new base variant easily, all subvariants were lost.
It is now possible to retain as required all subvariants of a variant as the base. The following
illustration shows the Variant dialog box with a base variant and two subvariants: Variant 1 is
selected and defined as the new base. A new base variant and the Variant 1.1 are then retained.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.0
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Enhanced Graphics Updating
The function for the automatic updating of network graphics was provided with the new Node Level
selection criterion. This restricts the updating to those elements that are connected to the selected
node over a definable number of levels. Only these elements are then graphically updated.
This function is useful if the network to be updated does not have any useful criteria for restricting the
extent of the update. In this case, the entire network would be graphically generated by the update.
However, this is only rarely useful. The new function enables the update to be restricted to the
network area that is directly connected in the topology.
This new function is also useful if only one node with the directly adjacent network elements needs to
be updated. The following illustration shows an example of this. This shows the updating of a busbar
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and all the nodes that are directly connected with it (node level = 1).
The Create bends option is also new. This now makes it possible to set in the user interface whether
additional bends should be added when the network graphic is generated. This produces better
results in the generated graphic but also makes manual editing more difficult.
New Automation Function in the User Interface
The new SelectObject automation function has been provided in the graphics editor to make the
selection of objects more flexible.
The following VBS snippet shows how two breakers can be selected.
' Select some objects SincalDoc.SelectObject "Breaker", 1, SIASelOptionNone SincalDoc.SelectObject "Breaker", 2, SIASelOptionAddSelection + SIASelOptionZoom
The syntax is very simple. The first parameter identifies the name of the table, in this case "Breaker",
and the second parameter contains the primary code of the object. The third parameter defines the
selection options.
Enumeration Code Description
SIASelOptionNone 0x00
SIASelOptionAddSelection 0x01 Add object to selection
SIASelOptionZoom 0x02 Zoom view of selection
SIASelOptionSelectEnclosed 0x04 Select enclosed objects instead of the object (e.g. substation)
Function for Updating the Sample Files
The Directories tab of the Options dialog box contains a new function that enables during the
installation the copying of sample files to the user's project directory. This is useful with new product
versions because it enables the simple updating of the existing sample networks.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.0
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2.2 Electrical Networks
Improved Convergence in the Load Flow
The convergence behavior of the load flow processes based on the admittance matrix has been
improved. In this process a PV type generator is always simulated as a stiff voltage source. The
active power of the generator is set via the voltage angle. If several of these generators are in the
network they mutually interact with each other. The load flow then needs a very high number of
iterations until convergence is achieved.
To improve the convergence behavior, the type PV generators are now variably simulated in the load
flow calculation, both as a stiff voltage source and also as a simple PQ type power supply source. As
soon as a PV type generator approaches its operating point, the simulation of a stiff voltage source is
changed to a power supply source for the next load flow iteration. As a result a stiff voltage source is
less present in the network in the next load flow iteration. This therefore reduces the mutual
interaction of the generators with each load flow iteration and thus improves convergence.
If the set voltage cannot be maintained for the simulation as a power supply source, the simulation is
once more changed to a stiff voltage source. The simulation can therefore change in each load flow
iteration. Ideally, no GU generators are simulated as stiff voltage sources by the end of the load flow
iteration.
Enhancements for Unbalanced Networks
The symmetry factors previously provided for unbalanced load flow calculations in PSS SINCAL
have been removed. As unbalance is defined in all standards, this is now also determined during the
unbalanced load flow calculation and harmonics calculation.
It is possible to define in the basic data of the calculation parameters how the unbalance is to be
calculated.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.0
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The following options are provided for calculating the Voltage Unbalance:
V2/V1 (voltage negative-phase sequence/voltage positive-phase sequence)
V0/V1 (voltage zero-phase sequence/voltage positive-phase sequence)
NEMA
IEC 61000-2-2
IEC 61000-2-4
IEC 61000-4-30
The node voltage unbalance is calculated according to the setting of the Basic Data of Calculation
Settings.
Negative-Phase Voltage/Positive-Phase Voltage (V2/V1):
The following value designates a unbalance factor:
0.100voltagephasepositive
voltagephasenegativeUSym
Zero-Phase Voltage/Positive-Phase Voltage (V0/V1):
The following value designates a unbalance factor:
0.100voltagephasepositive
voltagephasezeroUSym
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NEMA:
The following value designates a unbalance factor:
0.3
VVVV 31AbsL23AbsL12AbsL
av rg
0.100V
VVUSym
av rg
av rg12AbsL
12L
0.100V
VVUSym
av rg
av rg23AbsL
23L
0.100V
VVUSym
av rg
av rg31AbsL
31L
)USym,USym,USym(MaximumUSym31L23L12L
Approximation according to IEC 61000-2-2:
The following value designates a unbalance factor:
0.1002
VVV
VVV6USym
2312312
231
223
212
Approximation according to IEC 61000-2-4:
The following value designates a unbalance factor:
0.1002
VVV
VVV6USym
2312312
231
223
212
Approximation according to IEC 61000-4-30:
The following value designates a unbalance factor for network frequency:
0.100631
631USym
22
f und312
f und232
f und12
4f und31
4f und23
4f und12
VVV
VVV
Improved Dialog Boxes for Short Circuit Calculation and Protection
Coordination
The short circuit calculation function in PSS SINCAL 10.5 has been enhanced. From this version
onwards it is possible to calculate a short circuit from phase values, either with contact to the return
conductor or ground. In order to start the enhanced short circuit calculation, dialog boxes were
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.0
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provided that not all users could manage easily. The connection of the short circuit calculation in the
user interface has therefore been improved.
A new dialog is provided for starting the calculation, which then only shows the options that are
provided according to the settings made in the short circuit calculation parameters. The following
illustrations show the dialog box for the short circuit with symmetrical components and the dialog box
for the short circuit with phase values.
Better Control for Branch Optimization
The calculation process for optimizing the branches was improved. It is now possible to define for
each network level whether the assigned subnetwork are to be included in the optimization process.
The connection of all elements based on the setting in the calculation parameters of the optimization
has also been changed. Now only those elements are connected that are located in one of the
network levels involved in the branch search.
More Flexible Determination of Energy in the Arc Flash Calculation
PSS SINCAL previously calculated the incident energy at the node as the sum of all proportional
incident energies. The proportional incident energy is calculated here from the proportional arc
current and the associated tripping time.
)t,I(fEEf ractionf reef ractf racttotal
This way of determining the total incident energy allows a simple way of integrating the current
limitation of protection devices. The proportional current is limited and the energy is determined with
the limited current.
IEEE regulations stipulate that the arc current at the node is determined from the total bolted fault
current at the node. The clearing time should then be determined from the arc current and the data of
the protection devices. If the fault is switched off by more than one protection device, the clearing
time cannot be calculated using the arc current at the node. IEEE regulations do not specify how the
incident energy must be calculated in this case.
PSS SINCAL therefore provides additional processes to calculate the incident energy, which can be
selected in the calculation settings for the protection coordination.
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Fraction: This is the previously used calculation procedure.
Worst Case: With this examination, the arc current at the node is determined from the total bolted
fault current at the node. The tripping times of the protection devices are then calculated from the
proportional arc currents. The highest tripping time is used to calculate the incident energy.
)t,I(fEmaxf reetotaltotal
Best Case: With this examination, the arc current at the node is determined from the total bolted
fault current at the node. The tripping times of the protection devices are then calculated from the
proportional arc currents. The smallest tripping time is used to calculate the incident energy.
)t,I(fEminf reetotaltotal
Time Steps: With this approach, the arc current at the node is determined from the total bolted fault
current at the node. The tripping times of the protection devices are then calculated from the
proportional arc currents. The smallest tripping time is used to calculate the incident energy of the
first time step. A temporary switch is then opened at the tripping protection device in the network, and
the total bolted fault current at the node and the tripping time of the protection devices are then
determined again. The difference in time from the previous examination is used to determine the
incident energy of the current time step.
)t,I(fEEstepf reesteptotalsteptotal
The current limitation of protection devices has an effect on the proportional fault current. The total
fault current is therefore reduced by the current reduction provided by the limitation.
)II(Iredf ractf racttotal
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Enhanced Protection Coordination
The visualization of the data of asynchronous machines in the diagrams of the protection
coordination has been improved. Previously, it was only possible to show the behavior of the startup
current for one motor. For more optimum protection design, however, it should be possible to display
different startup scenarios. It is therefore now possible to set for the input data of the asynchronous
machine three voltages and times each in the Protection tab for the display of three Start-Up
Characteristics for It Diagram.
The behavior of the startup current in the I/t diagram is (if possible) taken from the set current/speed
characteristics of the motor. If a current/speed characteristic is not entered, the characteristics that
were generated from the motor identification are shown.
The Damage Curve Characteristic for It Diagram is another new feature. This enables the
destruction limit for the asynchronous machine to be shown in the diagram. Two times for the
destruction of the machine can be entered in the dialog box. Two I2t values reflecting the destruction
limit of the machine can then be determined using the startup current.
The following illustration shows an It diagram of the PSS SINCAL protection documentation with a
protection device and an asynchronous machine. The diagram shows two startup scenarios (blue)
and also cold and hot destruction characteristics for the machine.
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A new network planning tool has been provided specially for the protection coordination, which
enables the pickup and tripping data of the protection devices selected in the network graphic to be
determined. The tool is started via Tools – Determining Data – Pickup and Tripping Data. The
dialog box then displays the minimum and maximum fault currents registered. These can be used,
for example, to visualize the information in an It diagram using vertical markers.
The automation function for fault observations has also been enhanced. The function can be
used to directly access the fault locations in the calculation methods. This is particularly useful, for
example, if protection calculations have to be performed automatically, for which the fault location is
placed variably in the network.
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Fault observations are now provided with new attributes that enable all the important settings for
faults and breaks to also be changed during the automation process.
Attribute name Data type Unit Description
Node_ID Long Integer Sets the node
Element_ID Long Integer Sets the branch
Flag_State Integer Operating State
Flag_FaultPhase Integer Faulty Phases (0..7)
Flag_InterruptPhase Integer Interrupted Phases (0..7)
len Double Distance
Flag_FaultReturn Integer Fault to Return Conductor 1: Short Circuit 2: Return Circuit 3: Ground Circuit 4: Return and Ground Circuit
Flag_FaultGround Integer Fault to Ground 1: Short Circuit 2: Return Circuit 3: Ground Circuit 4: Return and Ground Circuit
Flag_RefPhase Integer Reference Phase 0: None 1: L1 2: L2 3: L3
Flag_CondFaultOn Integer Conditions Fault On 0: None 1: Default 2: Time 3: Voltage 4: Voltage and time delay
ton Double Time On
On_NodeID Long Integer On Node
Flag_PhaseOn Integer On Phase 1: L1 2: L2 3: L3
Flag_Val Integer On Value 1: Minimum 2: Maximum 3: User-defined
Uon Double On Voltage
dT1 Double On Time Delay – Next Phase
dT2 Double On Time Delay – Previous Phase
Flag_CondFaultOff Integer Conditions Fault Off 0: None 1: Default 2: Time 3: Current 4: Current and time delay
toff Double Time Off
Current Double Off Current
The following VBS snippet shows access to the attributes of a fault observation as part of the
automation of the calculation.
'Change Topology at PROTOCFAULT
Dim ProtOb Set ProtObj = SimulateObj.GetObj( "PROTOCFAULT", ProtID )
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Dim NodeID NodeID = ProtObj.Item( "Node_ID" ) ProtObj.Item( "Node_ID" ) = NewNodeID
Protection Devices in the Dynamic Simulation
The protection coordination provided in PSS SINCAL has been tried and tested in practical
applications by hundreds of users over the years. In response to user requests, the possibility has
now been provided to analyze in detail the dynamics in the event of protection tripping in a real
network with generators, motors, consumers, different network elements, protection devices and a
wide range of fault locations.
Protection devices present in the network can now be considered optionally in the dynamic
simulation. This function can be activated in the calculation settings.
This is based on a dynamic simulation (stability), which is linked with the protection coordination. The
complete functionality of the protection simulation (overcurrent time, distance and differential
protection, signal transmission, etc.) can therefore also be used in the dynamic simulation.
The following illustration shows a simple network with an infeeder, a line, a load and a protection
device.
The network is simulated by PSS SINCAL for the dynamic simulation in the form of a NET file with
the network elements and controllers. The faults to be observed during the protection coordination
are also stored in the standard form. The only but important difference is that the protection devices
DI, OC, Dif
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are simulated with special models. To simulate the tripping of a protection device in the dynamics
calculation, the current flow at the installation location of the protection device must be interrupted.
For this a shunt with a very low impedance is generated in the NET file at each location where a
protection device is installed.
The shunt is automatically assigned a protection model, which models the tripping of the protection
device by changing the impedance. The protection model must tap the actual currents and voltages
at the nodes of the voltage transformers and the terminals of the current transformers. These are
then transferred from the model to the protection coordination together with the actual simulation
time. The protection coordination checks the pickup and transfers to the model whether the
protection device has tripped. If the protection device has tripped, the protection device model
changes the impedance of the assigned shunt to a very high impedance. This operation is carried out
for each protection device in each time step.
Each protection device is assigned to a time memory in order to determine the pickup time. As soon
as a protection device picks up with the actual currents and voltages, the time difference is added to
the last simulation time in a time memory.
If the pickup time exceeds the end time of the particular trip unit, the protection device is tripped. The
protection device is not reclosed. The protection device stays in the tripped state for the remaining
time of the dynamic simulation.
Shunt with
protection model
Z Protection model
Z
Protection
simulation
Dynamic
simulation
V, I
t
Trip
V, I
t
Yes
t
Pickup
t2 t1
tUp = tUp + t
t3
No t4
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As soon as a protection device does not pick up, the assigned time memory is reset. The time is run
once more from zero as soon as any new pickup occurs.
Optimized Network Structure for Dynamic Simulation
PSS SINCAL simulates elements without zero-phase sequence data as blocking for the zero current.
However, this is not the case in PSS NETOMAC. This requires in the interface for the dynamic
simulation a large volume of coupling data (M lines) with very high impedances. This extensive
coupling data then also causes problems in the dynamic simulation, even with a symmetrical
calculation, since the admittance matrix is extremely enlarged as a result.
In order to reduce this coupling data, an additional network analysis is carried out for the return
conductor, also in symmetrical networks, before the interface is created for the dynamic simulation. If
all nodes of an element are not connected to the return conductor, no zero-phase sequence data is
written to the interface.
Enhanced Motor Startup
The result diagrams of the motor startup calculation have been completely redesigned. Data
series are provided from the calculation with the data of the machines (power values, startup current,
speed, slip, voltage) as well as node results (node voltage, active power, reactive power). These data
series can now be combined as required in individual diagrams. The function is basically the same
here as the function provided in diagrams of the load profile calculation and the load development
calculation.
Yes
t
Pickup
tUp > tEnd
No tTrip
Yes
t
Pickup
tx+1 tx
tUp = tUp + t tUp = tUp + t
tx+2
No
tUp = 0
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The motor startup calculation can now also provide load flow results for freely selectable time
steps. This makes it possible to display and evaluate the current and voltage distribution directly in
the network graphic during the startup phase. The time step for storing results is set in the calculation
settings for the motor startup.
As very extensive result data may be produced in large networks in some cases, the volume of
generated load flow results can be customized by the user. This is carried out in the calculation
settings in the Load Flow tab.
A simple motor identification for the motor startup calculation is now also provided. This is
provided because in existing systems the data sheets for many motors are not available and it is now
possible to provide default data (characteristics) precisely for these. The data provision can be
activated in the Characteristics tab of the asynchronous machine.
The missing characteristics are determined on the basis of the NEMA machine models. The basic
data of the asynchronous machine is used to generate appropriate NEMA data, which produces the
R/X ratio with the rotor at standstill and the startup current ratio. However, the nominal point of the
machine cannot be represented exactly. In practice this is not so important for the startup since the
75 percent of the startup at high current is followed by a transition and only a small part at the rated
current. The generated NEMA data of the motor is modified in a simple process until there is a good
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approximation of the nominal point.
A characteristic curve with a breakaway torque of 15 percent of the rated torque is assumed for the
load torque. The load increase is linear from the breakaway torque with the rotor at standstill up to
the synchronous speed and passes through the rated torque at the rated speed.
Enhancements of the Reliability Calculation
The terms for reliability have been improved and standardized in the user interface (in the screen
forms) as well as in the result reports. As part of these improvements, the reliability data for network
groups was also arranged more clearly.
The simulation for asynchronous machine and static compensator has been enhanced. A
supply type and a switching option are now also provided for the network elements in the reliability
data. If the network element is used as a supply source, it is included in the list of supply sources and
is thus also included in the malfunction.
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The load flow control for the reliability has likewise been modified. The control parameters for the
load flow with the reliability parameters now refer to the load flows of the malfunction combinations
and not to the basic load flow. The control parameters operate as follows:
Variation of the transformer taps for malfunction variants
o This option is used for all taps.
Secondary control also with malfunction variants
o This option activates/deactivates the power transfer and the power distribution.
Load shedding on undervoltage
o This option activates the load shedding. The voltage limit for load shedding is removed from
the settings for the reliability calculation.
o The loads that are shed in the PSS SINCAL load flow are listed in the reliability report.
The generator control cannot be defined separately for the malfunction variants. The generator
control is therefore only defined for the load flow calculation settings.
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Enhancements of the Harmonics Calculation
The shunt RLC circuit in the harmonics calculation was extended with the new Filter C type. This
largely corresponds to the conventional high pass filter, only the capacitance C is connected here in
series with the inductance.
Equivalent Circuit Diagram Filter C
Equivalent Circuit Diagram High Pass
The modeling of the frequency dependence is also available with the CIGRE model for the general
load and the variable shunt element.
Modified Input Data for Shunt Capacitor and Shunt Reactor
Previously, the total power Sn [MVA] including the losses had to be stated for shunt capacitors and
shunt reactors. In response to the requests of many users, this has now been changed so that the
capacitive and inductive reactive power in [MVar] can be entered.
Enhanced Simulation for D0 Autotransformer
Previously, the D0 autotransformer could only be calculated in the unbalanced load flow. This was
because of the nonlinear effect of the individual windings on the voltage across several phases at the
node.
The D0 autotransformer is now also available in the symmetrical load flow calculation. If the tap
position control setting of the transformer is changed, the resulting voltage increase is calculated
from a derived formula of the admittance matrix.
Enhanced Controller Functions for Generators and Supply Sources
The controller functions for generators, supply sources and DC elements have been enhanced.
Previously, these elements only allowed the definition of a voltage-dependent reactive power
controller although network operators require voltage-dependent and/or active power-dependent
control of the reactive power. These controller functions have now been provided and can be
activated in the Controller tab of the network elements.
Vnetwork
Network node
L
Cs
C
R
Cs
R
Network node
L C Vnetwork
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The Type of Controlling selection field can be used to define the basic controller behavior. The
following options are available here:
None: The set reactive power is maintained.
Voltage: The reactive power is controlled by the node voltage.
Power: The reactive power is controlled by the active power.
Voltage-Dependent Controller
Power-Dependent Controller
cos
U U2
0,95
1
inductive
U1 UN
capacitive
- 0,95
U1c U2c
cos
P/PN
Pmax
0,95
1
inductive
capacitive
- 0,95
0 - 0,85
Pmin
Pstd 0,85
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Voltage-Dependent Reactive Power Controller: With the normal operating voltage VN,
decentralized supply sources usually only feed active power into the network with a power factor
(cosphi) of nearly 1.0. From a prescribed voltage of V1 or V1c, the decentralized supply source needs
to start changing this power factor, in order to participate in maintaining the voltage. Up to a
prescribed voltage of V2 or V2c, the decentralized supply source has to change the power factor to
the inductive or capacitive value prescribed by the network operator (usually 0.95 and -0.95). For
voltages over V2 or under V2c, the decentralized supply source has to keep the prescribed inductive
or capacitive power factor constant.
The variable reactive power causes a 90 degree shifted additional voltage drop or voltage increase.
This always changes the voltage at the connection node in the direction of the rated voltage.
Active Power Dependent Reactive Power Controller: Normally, the reactive power increases or
decreases with the load of the supply source. Above or below a set load limit, the decentralized
supply source must keep the set inductive or capacitive power factor constant. The power factor is
continuously adjusted between the load limits.
The variable reactive power causes a 90 degree shifted additional voltage drop or voltage increase.
This therefore supports the voltage maintenance in the network according to the requirements of the
network operator.
Modification of the Control and Limit Values
PSS SINCAL previously provided the option to choose in the calculation settings between a "Normal"
and "Enhanced" controlling. Normal controlling was used for network planning calculations, and the
enhanced controlling for calculating network operations. However, it was never clearly defined which
control behavior of network elements is actually active (when are limits considered or ignored, when
is the power redistributed and when not).
A standard controller behavior has therefore now been implemented in PSS SINCAL. There is now
only one general switch by which the controlling can be activated or deactivated. Furthermore,
controller functions to be activated can be selected via options.
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The consideration of limit values in the calculation was also changed. The limit values set for
network elements are now always taken into consideration. This corresponds to the behavior of all
other network calculation programs, and only in this way can it be ensured that the equipment of the
network is operating correctly.
New Report for Short Circuit Calculation
A new report has been provided for the short circuit calculation. This shows the results of the
different short circuit calculations at the same time.
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Variant Comparison for Setting Values of Protection Devices
The variant comparison now displays changes to the setting values of protection devices from the
ProtSettings table.
Enhanced Excel Import
The Excel import function now makes it possible to also import substations.
DINIS Import
DINIS is an information system from Fujitsu for medium-voltage and low-voltage distribution
networks. Data import of the DINIS external data format is now directly supported in order to offer
users of this system the possibility to utilize the extensive functions for analyzing and evaluating
electrical networks in PSS SINCAL.
This data is imported into PSS SINCAL in accordance with the documentation "DINIS(E) Utilities
Guide, External data interface, Version 6.4". The data of the network elements and also the network
graphic is imported from the DINIS ASCII file. The import is restricted to those network elements and
data that can also be simulated in PSS SINCAL:
Load
Generator
Transformer
Switch
Shunt
Induction motors
Transformer
The DINIS import can be started via File – Import – DINIS. For this a Wizard is opened for setting
the import parameters.
The Data Interface File and Line Types File for the import are selected on the first page of the
Wizard. The line types file entry is only required if the relevant data is not available in the external
data interface file.
The import settings can be made on the second page. The Node Name selection field is used to
define how the names of the nodes are created in PSS SINCAL (automatically generated or
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according to the data fields from the data interface file). It is also necessary to specify the Base
frequency of the network.
CIM Import and Export for Version 16
The CIM import and export functions have been enhanced. CIM 16 in compliance with the "CIM for
ENTSO-E" profile is available. The implementation in PSS SINCAL is based on the results of the
Inter-Op in Brussels of July 14 to 18, 2014.
Restructuring of the EEG Tool
The EEG Tool (examination of connection requirements according to the German Renewable Energy
Act, EEG) has been completely restructured. The tool previously implemented as an external
automation tool has now been directly integrated in PSS SINCAL.
In line with PSS SINCAL philosophy, a two-stage integration with a separation from the GUI and the
calculation was carried out. The pure calculation sections have been implemented in the
PSS SINCAL calculation methods, and the user interface sections as well as the generation of Word
documentation are now implemented in the PSS SINCAL user interface.
This direct integration in PSS SINCAL has now provided a more homogeneous and consistent
connection. It furthermore allows use within the automated calculation function. The direct integration
also ensures that future adaptions and enhancements can be implemented quickly and efficiently.
3 PSS®NETOMAC
3.1 User Interface
Enhancements in the Diagram System
As in PSS SINCAL, the editing functions in the diagrams in PSS NETOMAC have also been
enhanced.
The new data series label can also be assigned to the signals. This can be used to identify a signal
more precisely or also to visualize a data value.
The ability to move all user-defined objects interactively in the diagram is a particularly useful feature.
In this way, the new objects can also be used to "measure" signal values or simply to intuitively
adjust the position of the objects for documentation.
The Show Signal Position function has also been improved. As before, the function can be
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activated via the toolbar of the diagram window. The values of the data series for a defined X position
can then be shown in the legend. The values at the data series and on the X axis are marked with a
special round position marker and can also be moved interactively in the diagram.
Some new predefined page layouts based on the requests of users have also been provided:
Landscape format with 2, 3 and 4 diagrams.
Improvements in Tabular View
The data connection in Tabular View has been optimized for more extensive data volumes. The load
flow results of large networks are now loaded into Tabular View up to five times faster.
The selection function in the table has likewise been enhanced. Now several areas can also be
selected simultaneously. This is useful if the sums of the selected areas are to be calculated with the
totalize function integrated in the table.
The filter line has likewise been improved. The input in the filter line has been improved and also the
function for copying data. Now only data is copied that is also displayed when the filter line is active.
Export in ZIP Format
A new Wizard has been connected for exporting a project in ZIP format. This enables either all files
that are assigned to a project or also all files that are located in the project directory to be saved in a
ZIP archive. An option also makes it possible to control during saving whether the result files are also
included in the archive or whether these should be skipped.
Function for Deleting Results
The Project Explorer provides a new function that allows all results of a project to be deleted. The
function can be called via the pop-up menu of the Project Explorer. The Project Explorer also
provides a new option that enables the automatic deletion of all result files when closing a project.
In order to identify result files, the Extension Manager has been enhanced accordingly in the Options
dialog box. It is now possible to define for each file extension whether this is a result file or a normal
data file.
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Enhanced Path Administration
It is now possible to define user-defined path variables in the calculation settings (CTL file). These
has been implemented primarily for using the dynamic simulation in conjunction with PSS SINCAL,
however, it is also useful for exchanging projects with users and for accessing global models.
The following example shows an extract of a network file in which a path variable was used for
implementing a model.
$
$ Macro to element: DCI1 (X0000a) in N1 (X00006)
$
$ Macro: WIND
$
@ #KP= .5
@ #PQref= 0.300000
@ #Pdc= 0.300000
@ #Plf= 0.247350
@ #Qlf= -0.004947
@ #TI= 0.002
@ #toff= 0.010000
@ #ELNAME= 'X0000a'
@ #KNO1= 'A0000a'
@ #LNAME00= 'X0000aR1'
@ #NAME= 'X0000a'
#LOCAL_PATH\PV_3phase2.mac
$
As can be seen, the model with the prefix LOCAL_PATH is called. This string was defined as a path
variable in the CTL file.
[Simulation/General]
$1......12......23......3AA1....12....23....34....45....56....67...78...89...9ZZ
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1 1 / 1 200 4
1 1 0.001 0.001 50
4 4 0 4 -0 0.010.001
& 1e-4 0.1
[PathVar]
GLOBAL_PATH=D:\Setup.Dev\Models
LOCAL_PATH=D:\Network\_Samples\2014Oct\Dyn\Models
[End]
$
The path variables as well as the default paths can also be edited in the Calculation Settings dialog
box. For this the new Search Paths tab has been connected under Directories.
The upper section of the dialog box allows switching between Default Paths and Custom Paths.
These paths are used when processing the NET file. This allows, for example, models without paths
to be specified in the NET file. The search is then carried out in all specified search paths.
The Custom Path Variables section enables variables to be defined to which directories are
assigned. These variables can then be used in the NET file and are resolved accordingly (CTL file,
PathVar).
Page Settings in the Project File
The settings of the Page Setup dialog box are now saved in the project file instead of the registry.
This enables individual configurations (page formats, margins, headers and footers) to be defined for
each project.
Improved Documentation
The description of the procedure used in PSS NETOMAC has been revised. The terms for the input
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data have firstly been standardized and many additional descriptions and notes have also been
integrated, which were not fully transferred from the old system (e.g. popups from the old help
system).
3.2 Calculation Methods
Enhanced EVS
The Eigenvalue Screening (EVS) function provided in PSS NETOMAC now offers a faster and
simple method for determining eigenvalues. Although not all the functions of PSS NEVA are
provided, it is considerably faster and easier to use.
The eigenvalue screening can be activated via the calculation settings. If the Activate Eigenvalue
Screening is activated, the screening is performed automatically after the dynamic simulation.
After the dynamic simulation is completed, an EVS file containing the results of the screening for
display in the diagram is provided in addition to the RES file. The result diagrams can then be
created simply via the Diagram Page from EVS function.
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This dialog box is used to set parameters for the appearance of the diagram. It is possible to select
between a simple display (only diagram) and an enhanced display (diagram and table). Parameters
can also be defined that control the display of data in the diagram. It is therefore possible, for
example, to configure whether the Zeta line is to be displayed, and also the unit of the Y axis can be
selected (frequency or omega).
The configuration of the diagram only has to be completed once. With new calculations the result
data is automatically entered in the diagram.
The combined use of table and diagram is particularly useful for analyzing large networks with many
machines. For this the area to be analyzed is selected interactively in the diagram. The Select in
Tabular View function can be activated in the pop-up menu in the diagram.
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This opens the table and shows precisely those elements that are displayed in the diagram.
Load Flow with Partitions
The load flow in PSS NETOMAC is normally completely solved for each individual partition. If
individual partitions are coupled via assigned currents/voltages (SOURCE controller), it may be
necessary to calculate a combined load flow, i.e. allow for the effects of the individual partitions on
each other.
An additional section in the NET file must be provided to calculate a combined load flow across
several partitions. This data set is begun with [Combined Loadflow] and closed with [End
Combined Loadflow], and must be positioned directly behind the "E" of the network data.
The data set defines which partitions are calculated jointly. It is identified by entering the same
numbers in column 27, i.e. several combined load flows may be determined if several different
identifiers are entered.
[Simulation/General] $1......12......23......3AA1....12....23....34....45....56....67...78...89...9ZZ Part1 Part2 Branchx 1 .01 Part1 Part2 Branchy 1 .01 [End Combined Loadflow]
The partitions identified as combined are called in succession and iterated until the accuracy of the
apparent power of the specified branches falls within the specified accuracy limit.
The convergence of the assigned currents/voltages is not improved internally/automatically.
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4 PSS®NEVA
4.1 New Functions for Eigenvalue and Modal Analysis
The following controllers and blocks are now also supported in PSS NEVA:
U_DFIG controller
U2_DFIG controller
INPUT_DF block
INITIAL block
AA/RI block