Large oceanic movements occurring over hundreds of millions of years from the mid-Silurian to the Pleistocene as a result of the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the continental Amurian Plate and Okinawa Plate to the south, and subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Okhotsk Plate to the north. Japan was originally attached to the eastern coast of the Eurasian continent. The subducting plates pulled Japan eastward, opening the Sea of Japan around 15 million years ago. Japan has 108 active volcanoes. Destructive earthquakes, often resulting in tsunamis, occur several times each century.

Advanced Seismometers are used Advanced Seismometers are used in Japan to predict earthquakes in Japan to predict earthquakes before large-scale destruction before large-scale destruction

takes place.takes place.

Houses in Japan are made Houses in Japan are made in bridge design, in bridge design,

to withstand earthquakes.to withstand earthquakes.

Estimated Population Exposed to Earthquake Shaking

Communication & Transmission of Tsunami Warning to Localities & Civil Defense Authorities Present at Japan..

Signboard

Tsunami

TSUNAMIＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ

Central Government

ＴＶ /Radio Station

TSUNAMIＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ

Radio

TV （ Telops, Warning maps ）

TSUNAMIＷＡＲＮＩＮＧ

Local government

13

ONAGAWA [BWR]

• 1: 498 MWe (‘84), 2: 796 MWe (‘95), 3: 796 MWe (‘02).

FUKUSHIMA (1) DAIICHI [BWR]

• 1: 439 MWe (‘71)

• 2-5: 760 MWe (‘74, ‘76, ‘78, ‘78)

• 6: 1067 MWe (’79)

FUKUSHIMA (2) DAINI [BWR]

• 1-4: 1067 MWe (’82, ‘84, ‘85, ‘87)

REACTOR 1 REACTOR 2 REACTOR 3 REACTOR 4 REACTOR 5 REACTOR 6

Partial core meltdown

Potential meltdown

feared

Blast, debris, radiation leak

Fire; water levels

dropping

Water levels dropping

Heat rising in spent fuel

pool

FUKUSHIMA REACTOR STATUS

NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS blast as the Generators are damaged due to NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS blast as the Generators are damaged due to the Earthquakethe Earthquake

NOTE: Radiation levels rise considerably and are at levels high enough to impact human health at the Fukushima power plant.

HEALTH THREAT FROM A NUCLEAR ACCIDENTHEALTH THREAT FROM A NUCLEAR ACCIDENT

ExposureBurns to eyes/skinMolds/AllergensInhalationGI TractARSThyroidCancer

Environmental

Infrastructure

Socio-Economic

Loss of Assets

Loss of Employment

Displacement

Loss of Shelter

Loss of AccessTo Food/Water

Delays/ Inability to Evacuate Access to care prohibitedTrauma/WoundsBurnsRadiationBlastMaternal & NeonatalChronic DiseaseBurns/Smoke InhalationExposure

MeningitisMeaslesMalnutritionDehydrationDiarrhoea

NuclearAccident Loss of Utilities

Loss of Transportation Networks

Loss of EssentialServices

Fires and Explosions

Loss of Communications

Contaminated Air

Contaminated Soil

ContaminatedWater

Radiation Contamination

RadiationExposure

Contaminated Food

Secondary Fires

Reactions of the GOVERNMENT OF JAPANReactions of the GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology National Police Agency The Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT) company The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Ministry of Forests and Waters and Ministry of Finance Police and Fire Department Transportation Coast Guard Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare (MHLW)

The National Emergency Management Committee, led by the Prime Minister, has been established to oversee and coordinate all response activities. All relevant ministries and agencies have been involved in the response.

Dead Injured Missing Rescued Food meals distributed to the

affected5178

Persons2285

Persons7844-8193Persons

25460Persons

550000persons

NOTES: •Snow and freezing temperatures hit the most severely affected areas; food, water and fuel shortages are the main concerns•Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant crisis is still not under control with a fourth explosion.•Construction of temporary shelters is a priority in the wake of mass evacuations.

Shreshtha SenguptaDebonita Ghosh

Rounak PramanikSanmoy MaitySubhas Das