GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES
Rapid Need Assessment &Pre-Feasibility Study Report for Development of Fishery Harbours at
Uppada in Andhra Pradesh
WAPCOS LIMITED (A government of India Undertaking- Ministry of Water Resources ,River Development
and Ganga Rejuvenation) 76-C, SECTOR-18, GURGAON-122015 Phone:0124-2397388/2397395/2348028
Email:[email protected]
October 2017
Wapcos Limited ,Gurgaon
PREFACE
The Central Wapcos Limited ,Gurgaon,Haryana conducts pre-feasibility studies, detailed engineering and economic investigations for locating, planning and designing of fishery harbours, fish landing centres and coastal aquaculture farms and hatcheries. Based on the investigations, the Institute prepares techno-economic feasibility reports (TEFRs) and renders technical advice on the construction aspects of fishery harbours, fish landing centres, coastal aquaculture farms and hatcheries. This report is prepared under the overall guidance of Shri N.Venkatesh Prasad, Director, CICEF, Bangalore and Dr. Mohan Joseph Modayil, Former CMFRI Director & ASRB chairman and also Advisor to WAPCOS Ltd. The engineering part of this report is prepared by Shri P. T. Joy , Fisheries Infrastructure Expert (Civil Engineering) with the assistance of Shri. P. K. Sasikumar, (Harbour Engineer). The economics part is prepared by Shri G.Ganesan, Former Deputy Director (Economist), CICEF with the assistance of Ms. Liny Rose, Senior Economic Investigator and Kum. Aiswarya Rose , Economic Investigator. The drawings incorporated in this report are prepared using AutoCAD by Assistant Engineers, viz., Smt/shri, Shri. R. Radhul Das, C.A. Mary Monisha and Tinku C. P.
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Executive Summary The Government, Andhra Pradesh have entered and agreement with WAPCOS Ltd, New Delhi to identify suitable sites for development of fishery harbours at Uppada, and also evaluate the suitability of the sites and entrusted preparation Detailed Project Report including site supervision during the execution period. Accordingly, WAPCOS Ltd conducted reconnaissance survey in association with Government of Andhra Pradesh at the above locations. It is emphasised here that the present pre-feasibility study at Uppada, of Andhra Pradesh is based on available information and details collected from field visits and secondary data review. As such, this study does not include detailed studies for topographic surveys, bathymetry, subsoil investigations etc.
In the absence of detailed topographic survey, bathymetry and subsoil investigations at the fishery harbour/fish landing centre sites, only conceptual layouts are provided for each site based on the assessment of design fleet size and site conditions. The rough cost estimate works out to Rs. 289.4 crore, Uppada . Brief recommendations on each site are recapitulated below:
The recommendations made in this report under each fishery harbour/fish landing centre have been considered appropriate based on their merits and demerits, ground data collected during site visit, interviews/consultations had with local fishermen, association, concerned officers of Fisheries Department of Andhra Pradesh. The Government of Andhra Pradesh may initiate follow up action for earmarking the required land for conduct the detailed engineering investigations and preparation of detailed project feasibility reports in respect of Uppada fishery harbours fish landing centres for posing these projects for financial assistance under the centrally sponsored scheme of Government of India.
Sl. No. Site Recommendation in brief
1 Uppada Considering the large number of fishing vessels and activities, Uppada site needs to be developed as a full-fledged fishery harbour. The Govt. of Andhra Pradesh may initiate action for earmarking the required land area for locating the harbour facilities and arrange land documents so as to enable for detailed field studies and prepare the DPR. In the mean time, the essential facilities such as fresh water supply, electrification, approach road may be planned.
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PROJECT REPORT FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF FISHING
HARBOURS, FISH LANDING CENTRES IN COASTAL DISTRICTS
OF ANDHRA PRADESH.
Introduction:
Andhra Pradesh state blessed with a long coast line of 974 kms with a
continental shelf area covering over 33,227 kmsand issituated on the East Coast
of India between latitude 13040’ N and longitude 800E. The marine fishermen
population in coastal district of Andhra Pradesh has been estimated at 8.51
lakhs of which 5.35 lakhs are engaged in full time fishing operations and 2.69
lakhs are engaged in part time fishing operations. There are about 555
fishermen villages and 353 fish landing centres scattered in 9 coastal districts.
One major fishing harbours at Visakhapatnam, three minor fishing harbours at
Kakinada, Machilipatnam and Nizampatnam are providing berthing facilities
for 1675 mechanised fishing vessels and about 32 mini trawlers in the state.
The new state of Andhra Pradesh has vast potential for fisheries from
both marine and inland resources and contributing 5.42 (at constant price of
2004-05) to the GSDP of the State as well as generating income and
employment. The sector aims at exploitation of all the possible water
resources under capture and culture fishery for increasing fish production and
productivity through sustainable development. The sector is contributing
considerably for food security, nutrition and health, lively hood security to rural
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population besides export earnings and welfare of fishers. Recognizing the
importance of fisheries sector, it has been identified as growth engine for
economic development based on an evaluation ofpotentials of sectors to build
on accumulated strength, to make significant impact onGross State Domestic
Product, and to exploit opportunities created by global trends.
Fishing vessels: A total number of 27211 fishing vessels comprising 1675
mechanised, 11807 motorised and 13729 traditional fishing craft are involved
marine fishing activity.
Fishing tackle: Fishermen are using some principle nets such as Drag nets, gill
nets, trawl nets, cast nets, Hook & Line etc. for fishing operation in marine
waters. A total number of 4, 24,890 fishing tackle are in operation in coastal
districts.
Marine Fish and Shrimp production for last ten years: The total marine fish
and shrimp production of 2.19 lakh tones during the year 200-065 in AP has
been increased to 4.38 lakh tones in 2013-14, which is about 100% increase
within a span of 10 years
(Production in lakhs tonnes)
Year Marine fish Marine shrimp
Total production
2005-06 1.92 0.27 2.19
2006-07 2.07 0.34 2.41
2007-08 2.19 0.36 2.55
2008-09 2.45 0.46 2.91
2009-10 2.46 0.46 2.92
2010-11 2.52 0.39 2.91
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2011-12 3.26 0.53 3.79
2012-13 3.52 0.63 4.15
2013-14 3.73 0.65 4.38
Ranking in Indian Fisheries
Ø First in Total fish and prawn production
Ø First in Brackish water shrimp production
Ø First in Freshwater prawn production
Ø Second in Freshwater fish production
Ø Fourth in Marine Fish production
Status of seafood exports for last 5 years in A.P.:The contribution of AP in
sea food exports during the year 2009-10 was about 2100 crores which accounts
20% share in India and it was enhanced to 12000 crores during the year 2013-
14, having share of 39.97% in India. The status of seafood exports from AP
and its share in India for the last 5 years is as follows.
(Rs. In Crores)
Year India A.P % of AP’s contribution
2009-10 10048 2100 20%
2010-11 12901 2400 18.60%
2011-12 16597 2727 16%
2012-13 18856 3125 16.57%
2013-14 30200 12000 39.97%
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Infrastructure facilities available in marine fisheries sector: The
infrastructure facilities available in Andhra Pradesh state in marine fisheries
sector is not up to demands as such there is emergent need to provide additional
infrastructure facilities in addition to the following existing infrastructure to
meet the required demand.
1. Fishing harbours : 4
2. Shore based facilities : 37
3. Fish drying platforms : 174
4. Shore stations : 13
5. Boat yards : 32
6. Ice plants : 85
7. Cold storages : 22
8. Freezing plants : 16
9. Curing yards : 31
10. Peeling sheds : 38
11. Processing plants : 12
Gist of the ProjectProposals:
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Creation of infrastructure facilities such as fishing harbours, fish landing centres
and additional shore based facilities are highly required in order to.
a) Ensure the landing of fish catches from the mechanized fishing vessels
besides existing fishing harbours with a objective to reduce spoilage by
unloading the fish at nearest point
b) Provide berthing places for the mechanized fishing vessels
c) Develop hygienic facilities for the food safety needs
It has been reported by MPEDA that some of the consignments from India have
been traced out with higher levels of salmonella and other obnoxious bacteria in
the quality inspection at international level. In this connection, the imported
countries have dispatched their teams for inspection of fishing harbours in
India, particularly in Andhra Pradesh in view of the higher contribution to the
exports. In this regard, MPEDA has alerted the state governments in all these
aspects with a caution that any lapses found in the hygienic maintenance of
fishing harbours, would lead to the rejection of marine fishery exports form
India besides blacklisting the exporting firms.
India being a WTO signatory country, all the exports are likely subjected to the
international quality standards, particularly the marine fishery products
considering its fast perishability and requires hygienic environment at harbour
places. Unless the fishing harbours and fish landing centres are upgraded
immediately to the standards to ensure requisite quality of the fish and prawn
landed, the Indian fishery exports are likely to face a ban in the international
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market. This may result adversely on the state economy as A.P contributes
about 40% of the Indian exports. Government has recently taken certain steps to
improve the hygienic conditions in all operational fishing harbours, landing
centres keeping the requirement of hygienic standards as stipulated by EU and
other importing countries.
In view of the requirement of developing fishing harbours, fish landing centres
and additional shore based facilities for the export promotion of marine fish
products, it is proposed to create the following infrastructure facilities in the
marine sector in the coming 5 years with a total outlay of Rs 67453 lakhs under
CSS Programme with GOI share of 50589.75 lakhs (75% share) and Govt. of
AP share of 16863.25 lakhs as detailed below
S. No Name of the Scheme
Total Project Cost (Rs in lakhs)
Pattern of Assistance GOI Share (50%)
GO AP Share (50%)
1 Development of Fishery Harbour at Uppada in East Godavari District. (Approximately)
28940.00 14470.00 14470.00
TOTAL BUDGET REQUIREMENT 28940.00 14470.00 14470.00
Action plan for establishing above infrastructure facilities in coastal districts of
Andhra Pradesh with year wise budget requirement from Govt. of India and
Govt. of AP is furnished in the appended statement.
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Proposals for Fishing Harbour: The Govt. has issued work order toWAPCOS
Ltd. to evaluate the suitability of the sites for the development of Fishing
harbours at Uppada (East Godavari district).
Accordingly the WAPCOSteam undertook field visit to above project
sites during the month of April 2016 and conducted prefeasibility survey based
on the discussions and data collected at the site to assessed the potential of each
of the fishery centres for development of fishery harbours at Uppada (East
Godavari district) and recommended for initiating follow up action for the
conduct of detailed engineering investigations and preparation of detailed
project feasibility reports in respect Uppada fishery harbours for posing these
projects for financial assistance under the centrally sponsored scheme of
Government of India
3. Development of Fishery Harbour at Uppada in East Godavari District
Uppada Fishing Village: Uppada fishery centre is situated in U. Kottapalli
Mandal in East Godavari district corresponds to latitude 17o 05’ 36” N,
longitude 82o 21’ 05” E. The centre is located at a distance of 18 km towards
north from Kakinada, the district headquarters. The site is located along the
creek and is free from the attack of waves. Uppada has 21533 houses and 19266
house holds. The total population is estimated at 78691 among them 30,764
belong to fishermen community. The number of active fishermen is reckoned at
10,191. A total number of 2582 fishing vessels consist of 579 mechanised, 1040
motorised and 963 traditional craft are said to be undertaking fishing operations
at Uppada fishing centre. As of now, there are no infrastructure facilities
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available at the fishing centre. Fishers are unloading their catch on the banks of
the creek and berthing their vessels on the opposite bank.
WAPCOS reported that during their visit, the mouth of the creek is shifting
towards South with shallow depths near the entrance to the creek indicating net
littoral drift towards South. The creek mouth is to be made stable by providing
training walls to the required length and depth after making a straight cut.
Model studies is also required to be carried out for suggesting the corrective
measures to maintain the stable mouth and also the water depth requirements of
the vessels expected to operate at the site which is 2.0 m during all seasons. As
the site is prone to frequent cyclones, large littoral drift is expected at the site,
shore line changes expected after the construction of breakwater are to be
studied in the model for safety measures. About 40 acres of land is available
adjacent to the creek which is identified for development of fishery centre.
Keeping in view a large number of fishing crafts at the site as mentioned above,
present fishery activity, WAPCOS team is of the opinion that this site may be
developed as a full fledged fishery harbour for hygienic fish handling.
WAPCOS team has also observed that severe beach erosion is taking place
near Uppada village losing valuable land and properties. During the severe
cyclonic storm ‘Phailin’ occurred in October 2013 the shore is eroded
considerably. WAPCOS team witnessed the rubble mound sea wall being
constructed by the State Government to control further erosion.
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Observations:
Site location, status, suitability
Uppada, a fishing village 20 km from Kakinada town, is one of the top fish
landing areas of Andhra Pradesh. The identified site is situated beyond Uppada
village and is the place where current fish landing activities take place. The site
falls under Ameenabad Panchayat, Village Ameenabad, Mandal Kothappalli,
District East Godavari, Divn. Kakinada. The site is on the Uppada - Danavipetta
coastal road. This is an ideal place for development of a major Fisheries
Harbour. The total extent of land available ( permissive sanction) are to the
extent of about 45 acres.
Fishery Resources, Craft, Gear
Uppada is well known for its fishery resources.While trawlers and purse seine
boats land at the Kakinada commercial harbour, the topographical limitations
permit only IBM and OBM boats to land at Uppada sea shore. There are 700 to
800 boats, mostly IBM Gill netters with 34 feet OAL land their catches here.
Daily landings are 300 to 400 tons. Each boat coasts about 15 lakhs, of which
the engine cost is 1.75 lakhs, net 6 to 7 laklhs and balance for the hull of the
boat. Once anew harbour with all modern amenities are developed here, about
600 trawlers currently landing at Kakinada main port are expected to migrate to
the new port.
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Existing facilities / infrastructure
At present there is no facility existing at the location. Landings are carried out
in the creek on open beach. Many boats leave the site after landings and are
berthed in the inner creek area. Dozens of refrigerated trucks from Andhra
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala are parked here for transporting the shrimps
and fish to other states. Trucks from Kerala take about 36 hours by road to
reach the destination with the fish catch which are used for local markets. All
shrimp are sent for export through processing factories.
Participatory Needs Analysis
The team visited the location along with the Deputy Director of Fisheries,
Kakinada and other officials of the Department of Fisheries. The local fishing
boat owners, fish traders, small vendors, transporters, auctioneers, business
managers, money lenders and agents of fish processing enterprises were
interacted with. The site needs all amenities expected of a major fishing harbour
which include landing and berthing basin, breakwaters for protection, finger
jetties, wharf, auction halls, pre processing halls with elevated platforms for
sorting, washing, icing and packaging, ETP and RO plants, Cassette ice plants,
elevated drying platforms, fish curing yard for salting and curing fish, net repair
hall, work shop, canteen, wash rooms, ATM, parking areas for commercial
refrigerated trucks, parking for two wheelers, three wheelers and four wheelers,
storage area for dried fish, compound wall with main gate with boom barrier,
security cabin, administrative building, rest rooms, work shop, slipway,
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canteen, automatic ice loading, fuel stations with U/G fuel tanks, OH tank for
potable water, mast lighting, captive power plant and Cyclone Shelter.
Further studies and analysis
Details of land surveys and records are to be obtained. Site studies including
Geotech are to be carried out. The area is prone to sea erosion and therefore
erosion and accretion modelling studies are needed. Both capital and
maintenance dredging will be needed and estimates are to be made.
Reclamation of low lying land also needed in view of the turbulent sea and sea
erosion prone area.
Recommendation of WAPCOS: Considering the large number of fishing
vessels and activities, this site is recommended to develop as FH. It is suggested
to conduct detailed investigations like topography, hydrography, subsoil and
hydraulic/mathematical model studies and prepare the DPR.
Proposed facilities: In tune with the demands of the local fishermen, type of
boats operating and availability of facilities the team proposes the waterfront
and shore based facilities at the site.
Cost Estimate: The conceptual stage cost estimate amounting Rs.28940 lakhs
for the proposed fishery harbour has been arrived at from estimated quantities
and prevailing market rates.
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Location- Google Map
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Abstract of Approximate Budget Requirement for 3 Fishing Harbours
(Rs. in Lakhs) as per WAPCOS Recommendations
3) Fishing harbour at Uppada : 28940
Total budget requirement : 28940
Proposed Facilities
Breakwaters: As is common in the east coast, any development, be it in terms
of fishing harbour will need to have a sheltered basin by meansof breakwater
system comprising two breakwaters - one on the north sideother on the south-west side leaving a wide entrance for the boat entry and exit.
Backup land,Dredging and Reclamation: since there is no suffieient backup land available in the proposed site and there is a need for reclamation of about 650m in length and 180m. Dredging quantity would be sufficient for reclamation and it would be confirmed at the detailed survey and investigations.
Number of crafts to be catered: The design flleet size of the proposed fishery harbour will be arrived based on detailed economic investigations and guidelinesmentioned in the Andra pradesh Government Fisheries manual. The extent of facilities will be based on design fleet size and characteristics of the boats i.e. OAL of the fishing vessel and number and duration of fishing trips besides per trip landings etc.
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Quays and wharfs: The various marine facilities now proposed in the above layouts are:
· Landing quays (for catches),
· Berthing quays (while awaiting next trip and
· Outfitting quays (with nets, gears, ice, water, and fuel besides ration items).
· Repair quay.
Slipway/workshop: The most common types of repair facilities for the fishing vessels are: Syncro lift, Slipway and full - fledged dry docking system, of which slipway is considered more preferable from the point view of rational investment and a convenient slipway consisits rail tracks usually laid on concrete ramp or pilestructure sloping from shore to water.
For attending to repairs and maintenance of fishing vessels, a workshop will also
provided as part of this facility.
Navigational aids and control tower: As per standards, these will be provided.
On - Shore facilities
The various on - shore facilities that are associated with fishing harbour including
those suggested by stakeholders at the meeting held on 2/6/2015 are:
· Separate Auction hall for FRP OBM, Trawler
· Packing hall/sorting hall
· Net mending shed
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· Net drying areas
· Truck parking areas
· Utilities and amenities ( Canteen, first - aid center, OHT/Sump, sub - station,
internal roads, public toilets, surface drainage systems, boat repairing yard,
water supply, STP, etc)
· Boat bunkering facilities (fuel, water, ice)
· Cold store and ice plants,
· Office buildings,
· Amenities and utilities
· Canteen, first aid center, public toilets
· Rest shed for fishermen and fish merchants
· Substation and distribution system
· Internal roads and connectivity to the existing system, surface drainage etc
· Communication system
· Fire fighting and port safety
· Water supply, sump, OHT etc
· Area for disposal of rotten fish
· STP and disposal of effluent
· Greeneries and landscape where required as per MOEF guidelines
The model layout has been prepared based on the Stakeholders meeting and the inputs received from them. The extent of facilities will also be based on design fleet size and characteristics of the boats i.e. OAL of the fishing vessel and number and duration of fishing trips besides per trip landings etc and it will be fine-tuned further discussion with stakeholders and the offiers of Departemnt of Fisheries.
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Planned advance actions
Field investigations: At this stage, no elaborate discussion is attempted since it is not form part of the Inception Report. However, advance action is being planned
on the following activities with a view to completing the following detailed
investigations within the stipulated period.
Bathymetry, Shallow Seismic and Sides can sonar surveys: The surveys will be carriedout covering an area of 1.5 km along the coast 1.2 km and into the sea upto (-) 9 m water depth depending on layout requirement. The track lines proposed for bathymetry survey.
Topographic surveys: To establish bench marks w.r.t. MSL and GPS network
along the survey region and to carry out shore spot height measurements at 100 m x 100m grid intervals at the land area that will be identified during the next stage-
Preparation of feasibility Report.
Oceanographic measurements
Current measurements: The self - recording current measurment will be carried out
for a period of 15 days at one location. Measurement on current speed and
direction were recorded at 10 min interval continuously.
Tide measurements: The self - recording Tide measurement will be carried out for a period of 15 days by deploying the Tide gauge at one location. The tide data were
recorded at 10 minute interval. The measured water levels willbe reduced to Chart
Datum.
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Wave Data: The in-house wave data will be used for estimating the nearshore wave
characteristics for fishery harbour
Geotechnical investigations: It is proposed to conduct 4 - borehole each on shore
and offshore within the breakwater basin to ascertain the subsoil properties to
decide foundation requirements for marine and shore structures as well as the
scope of dredging - soft soil or rocky strata.
CRZ Mapping: The development will fall within purview of State EnvironmentImpact Assessment Authority as this may come under Class B category. If the total
volume is less than 10000t/annum, only CRZ clearance will be required and EC may
not be an absolute necessity. However, CRZ clearance by MOEF is a ‘must’. Thi
sstudy will be entrusted to Annamalai University -
which is one of the authorized agenciesby the MOEF.
Time schedule for preparation of reports
The consultancy agreement envisages a duration of 9 months for completing all
tasks associated with the preparation of reports commencing from Inception Report
till preparation of tender documents. A compressed program has been made in
accordance with the requirements indicated in Output Requirements and
Payment schedule.
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ANNEXURE 1
BREAKUP OF TASK MODULES
(Output and Payment Schedules)
DEVELOPMENT OF FISHING HARBOURS
IN ANDHRA PRADESH
Days at
disposal Components Action required
1. Inception Report 30 Identification of:
i) Alternative layouts
ii) Onshore components
iii) Project area description
iv) Reconnaissance of social & economic
components within 10 km radius
a) Stake holders meeting over.
b) Site identification and
layout alternatives
completed 2. Feasibility Report
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60 1. Project information comprising:
i) Existing infrastructure at site,
ii) Environmental and social screening of
project area as per norms of MOEF
2. Surveys and investigations comprising:
i) Topo survey including layout for landuse
ii) Bathymetry – 100 m grid
iii) Meteorological data
iv) Tide for 15 days
v) Current foe 15 days - 10 mts interval
vi) Boreholes - 4 each on land and sea
vii) Modeling - numerical and wave flume,
littoral drift, shoreline changes, dredge
disposal studies, maintenance dredging
studies, wave tranquility, maneuverability
study
collected during
site visit
To be studied based on
sitedata
Advance action planned
depending on approval
ofRNA & PFR Report.
To initiate action on
borehole
To initiate action later - well
within our control
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Days at
disposal Components Action required
3. Project Activities and infrastructuredevelopment comprising:
i) Channel development and its maintenance
ii) Breakwaters
iii) Admin. Buildings
iv) other infrastructure (onshore
facilities)
4. Conceptual Engineering and architecturaldesign of:
i) Various installations and
maintenance thereof the proposed activities andinfrastructure
ii) Techno commercial viability of the project
This is only planning
and sizing
- well within our control
Same as above - only planning
and sizing
To be undertaken in - house or
Outsourced
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3. Draft Final Report
60 This shall include:
i) Draft Techno commercial Report
ii) Draft designs, drawings and draft BOQs
Fine tuning of item ii) above
To be initiated later
4. Submission of Draft Rapid EIA Report along with CRZ application 45 This shall include:
i) Preparation of Draft Rapid EIA Report
ii) Submission of CRZ application for scrutiny by
SCZMA and MOEF
Well within control
We can initiate action
Oncefeasibility report is
completed
i.e early October 2014
5. Final DPR & submission of Final Rapid EIA & CRZ proposal
30 This shall comprise:
i) Detailed design, working drawings, final BoQs
ii) Submission of final Rapid EIA
and CRZapplication by proponent
after improving
EIA/EMP and submission of the same to
SCZMA/MOEF
To be initiated later -
structural engineer reqd.
This is tied up with ii) in
previous module
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C. LAND AVAILABILITY
Land required: About 180 m from the HTL and 950 m along the coast
I) Government land - Revenue maps (Revenue authorities to be requested
to participate)
Days at
disposal Components Action required
ii) Obtaining EC from SEIAA/ MOEF and CRZ clearance from CZMA/ MOEF
iii) Submission of Final detailed designs, workingdrawings, final BOQs, social Assessmentreports.
Submission of CRZ application.
Clearance etc. to be
Reviewedin totality.
Later on completion of final
DPR.
6. Tender and contract documents
15 This shall comprise:
i) Preparation of tender and contract
documents,
ii) Preparation of Maintenance manual, Healthand Safety manual
iii) Any reservation from MOEF resulting in
changes accordingly this shall
be consideredin final designs,
BOQ and tender documents.
Time is short – WAPCOS will
advance this activity
by taking up this in
parallel with
activity 5.
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II) Waste and private land
III) Relocation of people, installation if any required
IV) Associated social issues
V) Connectivities - road in particular
D. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
i) Quarries nearby for tones for breakwater construction
ii) Skilled labour availability
iii) Other related issues
E. OTHER REQUIREMENTS
i) Power
ii) Water supply
iii) Communication network
iv) Transport - cab etc
v) Availability of office space
vi) Other associated facilities
F. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
i) Mangroves, bird sanctuaries, wild life related
ii) Archeological monuments in close vicinity
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iii) Any other structures impacting obtainment of statutory clearances
within a radius of 10 km
iv) CSR issues if any
G. STAKE HOLDERS PARTICIPATION
i) To assist in getting required land for development
ii) Active involvement during construction
iii) Other areas of participation
ANNEXURE 4
METHODOLOGY
Bathymetry survey
The ODOM Echotrac CVM Digital Dual Frequency Echo sounder manufactured by ODOM-Hydrographic systems, USA will be used for conducting bathymetry survey.
This echosounder has incorporated the cutting
edge technology, features and reliability of the
echotrac MKIII, plus the ease and flexibility of
operation of a networked Windows interface.
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It operates in dual frequency consisting of 200
kHz on higher band and 33 kHz in lower band.
It can be operated from 0.2 m to 1500 m water depth with 0.01 m accuracy. The
Echotrac CVM transceiver units are compact rack mount package that is ideall
y
suited to survey vessel installations. It supports Chart - functionality in one optional
format and a laptop with a full size colour LCD as an “electronic chart”.
Theoptional color LCD laptop offers internal data storage (in .XTF format) and pl
aybackof the analog return signal digitized to full 16 -
bit resolution. It contains a dualchannel board. All channels feature a robust des
ign and frequency agility enabling
the operator to precisely match the transceiver to almost any existing transducer.
Operator selectable TVG curves serve to optimize the
Echotrac for both shallow anddeepwater bottom detection tasks and for Sonar imagi
ng.
Horizontal Positioning System: The horizontal positioning
will be carried out using Trimble DSM 232 DGPS Beacon
Receiver. It combines high - performance GPS reception
with a DGPS - capable receiver in a lightweight, durable
housing and comes with a separate antenna. The DGPS Beacon transmitter installe
dat nearest Light house will be interfaced for differential correction. It gives
positioning accuracy of close to 0.5 to 1 m. The GPS receiver contains
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technology enabling WAAS/EGNOS, OmniSTAR or Beacon real time differen
tialcapabilities.
Heave Compensator: TSS HS - 50 Dynamic Motion Heave Sensor
manufactured by TSS (UK) Ltd., UK will be installed onboard. This will
measure the component of the heave induced at echo sounder
transducer. The measured heave will be corrected from the depth
values and the true depth will be recorded in computer. The system
will be connected via. RS232 communication to the computer onboard
enabled through HYPACK MAX data collection software.
Sound Velocity Meter: The Digibar Pro sound velocity meter will be used to obtainthe water column sound velocity. The probe will be simply lowered into the water tolog sound velocity versus depth as the probe descends. The "sing -
around"principleofvelocity measurement
automaticallycompensates for all influences including
pressure, water salinity
and temperature. The collected data on sound velocity meter will
be given as a input for the echosounder.
Hydrographic Survey Software: HYPACK MAX is integrated, first
generation hydrographic survey software developed by Coastal
Oceanographical INC., USA. It works in MS Windows operating
environment. The HYPACK's design program allows to import
background map in CAD's DFX or Microsoft's DGN format. It enables to qu
icklycreate planned survey lines, plotting sheets and bottom coverage grids in a gr
aphical environment
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Data recording:
The echo sounder and Beacon DGPS system will be
Interfacedthrough HYPACK MAX software with
onboard PC.The entire system will besupported by AC Power Generator installed onboard.
Tidal corrections: The necessary tidal corrections will be applied for the collectedbathymetry data based on the measured tides at site.
Current measurements
The continuous measurements on current speed and direction at 8
locations will be carried out by mounting Aanderaa Seaguard Current
Meter manufactured by Aanderaa Data Instruments (AADI), Norway.
The SEAGUARD RCM manufactured by Aanderaa Data Instruments
(AADI), Norway, comes standard with the ZPulse™ multi frequency
Doppler current sensor. The new current sensor comprises acoustic
pulses of several frequency components to lower the statistical variance in the
Doppler shift estimate. The advantage of this is reduced statistical error with fewe
r
pings, providing increased sampling speed and lower power consumption. The ne
wDoppler Current Sensor also incorporates a robust fully electronic compass and
atilt sensor.
Technical Specifications:
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Top - End Plate : Up to 6 sensors can be fitted onto the
Top - end Plate, of which 4 can be
Analog Sensors (0 - 5V)
Recording system : Date Storage on SD card
Storage Capacity : > 4 GB
Battery : Alkaline 3988 - 9V, 15Ah (nominal 12.5Ah; 20W
Down to 6V at 4°C)
: (or) Lithium 4002 - 7V, 30Ah
Supply voltage : 6 - 14 Volts
Recording Interval: : From 2s, depending on the node
Configuration for each instrument.
Recording settings: : Fixed interval settings or
Customized Sequence setting.
Protocol: : AiCap CAN bus based protocol
Operating temperature : - 5 to +50◦C
Deployment Capacity : 300m/2000m/6000 m
Weight in air : 7.6 kg
Weight in water : 2.0 kg
ZPulseTM Doppler Current Sensor (DCS) Specifications
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Current Speed (Vector averaged):
Range : 0 - 300 cm/s
Resolution : 0.1 mm/s
Mean Accuracy : + 0.15 cm/s
Relative : +1% of reading
Current Direction
Range : 0 - 360◦ magnetic
Resolution : 0.01◦
Accuracy : +1.5◦
Tide measurements
Tide measurements at one location will be carried out by using
Aanderaa Seaguard Water Level Recorder manufactured by
Aanderaa Data Instruments, Norway. It is a high precision
recording instrument for measuring the variation of water level
in the sea. The Pressure Sensor 4647 is a compact yet intelligent
sensor designed to be used in this measuring systems. The
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sensor is based on a silicon piezo -
resistive bridge sampled and temperature
compensated by an advanced Digital Signal Processor. The tide measurement is an
average of the hydrostatic pressure measured over a time period of 10 seconds to 8
minutes (Optional). The recoding interval is selected between 2 seconds and
2hours.
Technical specifications:
Top - End Plate : Multiparameter platform
Recording system : Data Storage on SD card/DSU
Storage Capacity : ≤ 4GB
Battery : 2 batteries inside the instrument
: Alkline 3988 9V, 15Ah (nominal 12.5Ah; 20W
to 6V at 4°C) or Lithium 4002: 7V, 30Ah
Supply voltage : 6 to 14VDC
: Parallel 2 Alkaline battery (each 9.0 VDC)
Operating temperature : - 5 – +40˚C (23 – 104˚F)
Deployment depth : Up to 300 m depending on sensor
Dimensions : OD: 139 mm; H: 356 mm
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Weight in air : 6.3 kg
Weight in water : 1.8 kg
Materials : PET, Titanium, Stainless Steel 316, Epoxy
Pressure : 4647B Range: 0 – 700kPa (101 psia) 60 m depth
: Resolution: 0.0001% FSO
: Accuracy: ±0.04% FSO
: Pressure connection: Swagelok™ 1/8 inch
: Inlet port (reference): top of the pressure port
: Pressure parameters: Pressure in kPa, Pressure
Raw data in LSB
Temperature : Range: 0 – 36°C (32 – 96.8˚F)
: Resolution: 0.001°C (0.0018°F)
: Accuracy: ±0.4°C (0.72°F)
: Response Time (63%): < 2 min
: Temperature parameters: Temperature in °C,
Temperature raw data in LSB
Tide : Integration time: 10s - 8 minutes
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: Tide parameters: Tide pressure in kPa,
: Tide level in meter
Modelling - Flow Model
The tide and wind induced flow fields over the project area are determined using
HD (hydrodynamic) module of MIKE 21 suite.
Dredge Spoil Disposal - Model description
MIKE 21 Particle Analysis (PA) module is based on the Lagrangian discrete parcelsmethod in which an ensemble of particles is followed instead of solving the Eulerian
advection -diffusion equation. The Lagrangian discrete parcel scheme calculates the
displacement of each particle as the sum of an advective deterministic component
and an independent, random Markovian component, which statistically
approximates the random and/or chaotic nature of time - averaged tidal mixing. In MIKE 21 PA module, which is designed to simulate the surface and subsurface
transport, the spoil/waste/pollutant released into the water bodies are divided into
discrete parcels, and sets of spatial coordinates are assigned to each parcel. It is
assumed that these parcels advect with the surrounding water body and diffuse as a
result of random processes. These flow processes occur simultaneously at different
spatial and temporal scales with continuous spectrum ranging from molecula
ragitation to tidal, baroclinic residual flows. The advective velocities are obtaine
dfrom hydrodynamic simulations (MIKE 21 HD), whereas the turbulent contributi
onsare controlled by the dispersion coefficients. In this PA module, the discrete pat
h ofthe pollutant parcels released in the water body are followed and recorded a
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s afunction of time relative to the reference grid system fixed in space. Then
thedensity distributions of the ensemble are interpreted as the concentration of t
hespoil/waste/pollutant.
The properties of the released particles are described by distribution of grain size
or settling velocities, and the number of particles released per time step is specified.
The sediment particles released at a specified depth, settle with a constant or
randomly generated settling velocity. The particles are deposited when they reach
the bottom. The mass of the particle cloud can also change due to re - suspension
and furthermore due to a linear decay.
This simulation method gives the possibilities of calculating the concentration of
suspended material at different depths. The particles can be advected by a three -
dimensional velocity field or by logarithmic velocity profiles established from
the depth-
integrated velocities specified in the Hydrodynamic model. The velocity
profiles can be superimposed with a wind induced current profile if wind is
applied
to the model. The model calculates the frequency function for settling velocity
using Stokes law. A settling velocity chosen at random from this distribution
assigned to each particle when it is released.
The PA module gives the following outputs,
· Instantaneous concentration of suspended material (kg/m3)
· Averaged concentration of suspended material (kg/m3)
· Instantaneous total cohesive erosion and deposition (kg/m3)
Wapcos Limited ,Gurgaon 36
· Accumulated total cohesive erosion and deposition (kg/m3)
· Accumulated net cohesive sedimentation (kg/m3)
Wave Tranquillity
The wave tranquillity studies inside the harbour basin are carried out using
MIKE 21 EMS (Elliptic Mild - Slope) Wave Module.
Model description
MIKE 21 EMS is based on the numerical solution of the ‘mild - slope’ wave equationoriginally derived by Berkhoff in 1972. This equation governs the motion of timeharmonic water waves (linear waves) on a gently sloping bathymetry with arbitrarywater depth. In case of constant water depth, the basic equation reduces to theclassical Helmholtz equation.
The linear model includes shoaling, refraction, diffraction, wave breaking, bedfriction and back - scattering. Partial reflection and transmission through piers andbreakwaters is also included. Sponge layers are applied where full absorption ofwave energy is required, e.g. at offshore boundaries. The model has been used to
determine harbour resonance and seiching as well as wave transformation in
coastal areas. The model also includes a general formulation of radiation stresses,
which apply in crossing wave trains and in areas of strong diffraction and wav
e
breaking.
MIKE 21 EMS is based on a quiet unique solution method. The time harmonic
variation is subtracted and the elliptic equations are reformulated as mass and
momentum type equations, which are discretized using a Finite Difference scheme
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The normal ADI (alternating direction implicit) algorithm is invoked and
theequations are solved by means of double sweep algorithm.
Littoral Drift
The DHI -LITPACK model suite is a convenient tool for studying the coastal
processes related sediment transport in the wave breaking zone. The different
modules LITSTP, LITDRIFT, LITLINE, LITTREN, LITPROF are used to stud
y the noncohesive sediment transport, longshore current, littoral drift, coastline
evolution,sedimentation in trenches and cross -
shore profile evolution. In the present study,
the littoral sediment transport along the coast has been evaluated using the DHI -
LITPACK - LITDRIFT model.
Model Description
MIKE 21 LITDRIFT is a deterministic numerical model which consists of two majorparts, viz. i) a hydrodynamic model and ii) a sediment transport model (STP).
The hydrodynamic model includes propagation, shoaling and breaking of waves,calculation of the driving forces due to radiation stress gradients, momentumbalance for the cross - shore and longshore direction giving the wave setup and the
longshore current velocities. The model can be applied on complex coastal profiles
with longshore bars. In the case of a longshore bar the broken waves can reform in
the trough onshore of the bar.
Having computed the longshore current by the hydrodynamic module, points are
selected across the coast, which are representative for the littoral drift estimation.
Wapcos Limited ,Gurgaon 38
åQ
The sediment transport calculations carried out by the STP module are made to
reflect the local conditions with respect to the energy dissipation, the percentage of
non - breaking waves and the rms values of wave heights.
The total sediment transport is dominated by transport contributions from areas
where wave breaking occurs. In case of a bar - profile, the sediment calculation
points will have to be located on the bars where waves are breaking. This gives the
distribution of sediment transport across the profile, which is integrated to obtain
the total longshore sediment transport rate. By considering the variation in the
hydrodynamic climate (e.g. the yearly wind, wave, tide, storm surge and profile
conditions) it is possible to determine the net gross littoral climate at a specific
location.
The annual drift is evaluated by the contribution of transport from each of the
incident wave occurring over the year. When calculating the annual drift, the wave
climate in LITDRIFT is described at specified intervals in a time series file where
data set describes the characteristics of incident waves. The duration of the wave
incident is given as a fraction of a year. Then the total annual drift Qannualis calculated as the sum of the contributions from all incident waves,
Qannua
l =
NSE TS
i=1
S (i).Duration (i)
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Where NSETS is the total number of incident waves. The 3 hourly wave data as
described in (section 9.3) are used as input.
Model input
The input data for the LITDRIFT module is described below,
i) Orientation of the coast
ii) Bathymetry of the cross shore profile
iii) Time series of wave climate
iv) Sediment parameters
Shoreline Evolution
The shoreline evolution of the study region is estimated using the DHI - LITPACK -
LITLINE module.
Model description
LITLINE calculates the coastline position based on input of the wave climate as time
series. This model is based on a one - line theory, in which the cross - shore profile is
assumed to remain unchanged during erosion/accretion. The coastal morphology is
solely described by the coastline position (cross - shore direction) and the coastal
profile at a given long -shore position.
LITLINE calculations are based on a baseline that runs parallel to the primary
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coastline orientation, while the y - axis runs from the baseline in offshore direction.
“Coastal or coastline profile” is used to denote the variation of yc in the longshore
(x) direction, while the cross - shore profile denotes the water depth as a function of
the cross - shore position relative to the coastline position yc.
Continuity Equation for Sediment Volumes
The main equation in LITLINE is the continuity equation for sediment volume
expressed by,
¶yc (x)
¶t
= - 1 ¶Q(x)
hact (x) ¶x
+ Qsou (x)
hact (x)D
Virgo Aqua, Consulting Engineers, 2nd Floor, K.K. Building, MathaiManjooran Road, Ernakulam 682018 Page 41
Where,
yc(x) - distance from the baseline to the coastline
t - time
hact(x) - height of the active cross - shore profile
Q(x) - longshore transport of sediment expressed in volumes
X - longshore position
Δx - longshore discretization step
Qsou(x) - source/sink term expressed in volume/Δx.
hact(x) and Qsou(x) are calculated based on user specifications, while the longshor
transport rate Q(x) is determined from tables relating the transport rate to the
hydrodynamic conditions at breaking. Δx is user specified, while Δt is determined
from stability criteria. From an initial coastline position yinit (x), the evolution in
time is determined by solving continuity equation using an implicit Crank -
Nicholson scheme.
The main features of LITLINE coastline evolution module are as follows,
· Deterministic description of transport rate distribution over the profile
· Measured or pseudo time series as input
· Time varying sediment sources
· Wide range of coastal structures
· Graphics of results while calculating
Virgo Aqua, Consulting Engineers, 2nd Floor, K.K. Building, MathaiManjooran Road, Ernakulam 682018 Page 42
Model input
The input data for the LITLINE module are:
i) Orientation of the coast
ii) Bathymetry of the cross shore profile
iii) Time series of wave climate
iv) Sediment properties
v) Orientation of structures
WORK PROGRAMME - Bar Chart
Sl.
No
Activity
Period
April-2016
May-2016
June-2016
July-2016
Aug-2016
Sep-2016
Oct-2016
Nov-2016
Dec-2016
1 Mobilisation of crew & setting up of camp
2 Inception
Report
3
Site/Field Investigations
Topographical survey, Hydrographical survey, tide levels and sub-soil investigations
Economic
Virgo Aqua, Consulting Engineers, 2nd Floor, K.K. Building, MathaiManjooran Road, Ernakulam 682018 Page 43
investigations
4 Collection of Meteorological data
and Model Studies
5
Laboratory investigation of samples.
6 Investigation
Report
7 Planning and design of fishing harbour
8 Draft Report
9 Preparation of cost estimates
and working out economics
10
Final report (TEFR) & Tendering activities
44
WORK PROGRAMME
The proposed Work Programme has been planned from the initiation to completion of
the EIA /EMP studies as shown in the Bar chart enclosed.
Sl.
No. Activity
Period April-2016
May-2016
June-2016
July-2016
Aug-2016
Sep-2016
Oct-2016
1. Secondary Research
2. Baseline Study/Survey
3. Preparation of EIA & EMP Report
4. Preparation / Documentation for Statutory clearance from UT CZMA, etc
5. Preparation of Presentation Documents for EC/CRZ clearance from MoEF
Note : Items No. 4 and 5 are dependent on the dates to be fixed by the concern authorities.