INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is an aspect of the economic and social development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Two
concepts are fundamental to the sustainable use and management of the Earth’s natural resources.
First, the basic needs of humanity for food, clothing, shelter and jobs must be met. This involves
paying attention to the largely unmet needs of the world’s poor, as a world in which poverty is
endemic will always be prone to ecological catastrophes. Second, the limits to development are
not absolute, but are imposed by present state of technology and social organizations and by their
impacts on environmental resources and on the biosphere’s ability to absorb the effect of human
activities. Both technology and social organizations can be improved to make way for a new era
of environmentally-sensitive economic growth. This process of change is under way in the field
of agricultural development, in which a transition towards sustainable agriculture is improving
food production, particularly for the poor, as well as protecting the environment.
The province of Iloilo, which is located in the mouth of the Iloilo River, is an agricultural
region where sugar and rice are produced and which has hardwood forests and the quarries.
Despite this potential for a more sustainable agriculture, in which farmers, rural communities,
environments and national economies could all benefit, there are still many obstacles and threats.
Many existing power structures are threatened by change, and it may not be possible for all to
benefit in the short-term. However, one must have a commitment to meet the needs of the
present and future generations, especially in addressing various implications.
“Meeting the needs of the present” means satisfying: economic needs including access to
adequate livelihood or productive assets; social, cultural and health needs including a shelter
which is healthy, safe, affordable and secure within a neighborhood with provision for piped
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water, drainage, transport, health care, education, child development, and protections from
environmental hazards. Achieving this implies a more equitable distribution of income between
and within nations.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In pursuant to the principle of subsidiarity, Republic Act 7160 (Local Government Code
of 1991) was enacted. The Local Government Code of 1991 enabled local government units to
provide and be held accountable in the responsible delivery of the devolved basic service. The
devolved basic services include social services, environment and natural resource management,
infrastructure, and agriculture (Brilliantes 2003).
Heywood (1997) wrote four reasons for the transfer of authority, responsibility and
accountability from central to local governments: participation because local governments are
more effective than central government in providing opportunities for citizens to participate in the
political life of their community; responsiveness because peripheral institutions are usually closer
to the people and they are more sensitive to their needs than central governments; legitimacy due
to the principle that physical distance from government affects the acceptability or rightness of its
decision; and, liberty through dispersing government power by creating a network of checks and
balances between the peripheral bodies and central government.
The agricultural sector has been identified the spine of our economy, with the country
generally regarded, even up to this day, as an agriculture-based economy. Ironically, that
backbone has remained weak. This weakness of the agricultural sector is due to serious structural
flaws that require attention and remedy from all concerned.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study needs to address the question regarding the effects of the Local Government
Code of 1991 on the production and delivery of the goods and services to citizen-consumers
along the sector of agriculture in Oton, Iloilo. Specifically, the study would address the following
questions:
1. What are the provisions of the Local Government Code on agriculture?
2. How does the Local Government Code of 1991 affect the production and delivery of
goods and services to citizen-consumers along the sector of agriculture in Oton, Iloilo?
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The primary aim of the study is to assess the effects of the Local Government Code of
1991 on the production and delivery of goods and services that serve the needs of citizen-
consumers along the sector of agriculture in Oton, Iloilo. Specifically, this study aims to:
1. Describe the Local Government Code of 1991 through relevant provisions on agriculture;
and,
2. Describe the production and delivery of goods and services to citizen-consumers along
the sector of agriculture in Oton, Iloilo.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
This study puts focus on the effects of the Local Government Code of 1991 on the
production and delivery of goods and services to citizen-consumers along the sector of
agriculture. Writing a study concerning the effects of the Local Government Code of 1991 on the
production and delivery of the goods and services that serve the needs of citizen-consumers along
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the sector of agriculture raises the problem of omitting events that occur after this study was
made. As such, whatever forthcoming events after the conduct of the study whereby
policies/ordinances/practices/measures undertaken and adopted are intended for the improvement
and control of the production and delivery of goods and services along the sector of agriculture
shall be disregarded.
Moreover, the researcher is just limited to data readily available in the Internet and
publications, and to the interview conducted last March 6, 2012, which do not provide sufficient
overview of the subject being studied.
STUDY METHODS
This study used the descriptive method to determine the effects of the Local Government
Code of 1991 on the production and delivery of goods and services to citizen-consumers along
the sector of agriculture. It is an organized attempt to analyze, interpret and report the current
status of the social institution, group or area. Furthermore, it aims to describe the situation as it
exists at the time of the study and determines the causes of particular phenomenon.
The primary techniques of generating data include the interview with the Municipal
Mayor conducted last March 6, 2012. The secondary techniques involved the use of the Internet
and publications readily available.
The transparency-and-accountability (T&A) mechanism table would be used for data
analysis. Specifically, the T&A mechanism table would be used on the analysis of one particular
program of the municipality.
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LOCALE OF THE STUDY
The municipality of Oton lies in the southern portion of the province, and has a distance
of 10.2 kilometers from Iloilo City. It is bounded on the east by the district of Arevalo, Iloilo
City, on the west by the municipality of Tigbauan, on the north by the municipality of San Miguel
and on the southern portion by a stretch of shoreline of the Sulu Sea (www.oton.gov).
The municipality was organized in 1570 and is considered the oldest town in Panay.
Oton resembles the Hispanized version of the phrase ogtong adlaw. There is one popular folklore
that speaks of the origin of the town’s name. This popular folklore speaks of a Spanish explorer
who asked a native about the name of the place. The native, thinking that the Spaniard was
asking for the time of the day, answered “ogtong adlaw,” which is noontime in English
(www.oton.gov).
The local government unit of Oton envisions itself as a municipality of character, where
people are friendly, God-loving, educated and empowered, living a healthy and ecologically-
balanced community with a vibrant economy where good governance is practiced by morally
upright and competent leaders. It has a mission to have a very friendly, effective and efficient
delivery of basic services with the active participation of civil society organizations for
transparent governance (www.oton.gov).
Like any other municipality in the province, Oton has a very fertile type of soil
compatible to grow palay, mongo, corn, peanuts, coconut, sineguelas, sugar apples and other fruit
trees. It has two principal river systems – Batiano River and the Iloilo River (www.oton.gov).
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160) is founded on the policy of the State
that its territorial and political subdivisions should enjoy genuine and meaningful local autonomy
to enable them to attain their fullest development as self-reliant communities and make more
effective partners in the attainment of the national goals. The local government unit being a
subdivision of the national government is endowed with powers and resources with which to
manage its territorial jurisdiction for and on behalf of the national government. Moreover, local
government units are endowed with powers and resources in order to promote the general welfare
of its inhabitants. With the passage of the code, the transfer of the basic services and facilities
from the national government to the local government was enabled. As such local government
units are given the responsibility to discharge the functions and responsibilities of devolved
national agencies and offices.
Along the sector of agriculture, the code provides the following:
1. Agricultural support services which include planting materials distribution system
and operation of farm produce collection and buying stations at the barangay level
(Section 17)
2. Extension and on-site research services and facilities related to agriculture and
fishery activities which include dispersal of livestock and poultry, fingerlings and
other materials for aquaculture; palay, corn, and vegetable seed farms; medicinal
plant gardens; fruit tree, coconut and other kinds of seedling nurseries; demonstration
farms; quality control of copra and improvement and development of local
distribution channels, preferably through cooperatives; interbarangay irrigation
system; water and soil resource utilization and conservation projects; and
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enforcement of fishery laws in municipal waters including the conservation of
mangroves at the municipal level (Section 17).
3. Infrastructure facilities intended primarily to service the needs of the residents of the
municipality and which are funded out of municipal funds including but not limited
to, municipal roads and bridges; and, communal irrigation, small water impounding
projects and other similar projects at the municipal level (Section 17).
4. Agricultural extension and on-site research services and facilities which include the
prevention and control of plant and animal pests and diseases; dairy farm, livestock
markets, animal breeding stations, and artificial insemination centers; and assistance
in the organization of farmers and fishermen’s cooperatives, and other collective
organizations, as well as transfer of appropriate technology at the provincial level
(Section 17).
In an ideal scenario, a particular local government unit manages its own growth and
change through a body of plans with varying scope and time frame. Based from the provisions
on agriculture of the Local Government Code of 1991, there exists a strong interest of the
national government to improve the status of agriculture in the country by enabling local
governments to be able to provide the means and facilities that would assist in the achievement of
a strong agricultural backbone. In this regard, the Local Government Code mandates local
governments to assist farmers in order to achieve the agricultural aspirations of the nation,
precisely because the Philippines is still highly regarded as an agricultural economy. If we
examine the provisions of the devolution code on agriculture, the government is trying to advance
a support system to farmers rather than to resort to a system where farmers are simply dependent
on the actions of the government for their yield. The code advances the idea that man is gifted
with capabilities and capacities which can serve as necessary tools in effecting change and
progress into his/her life and community, alongside the use of available resources he/she or
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community possesses. That is, the government simply supports them in their respective
endeavors through capacity enhancement mechanisms. These capacity enhancement mechanisms
include the provision of the means/sources and facilities.
The provisions on agriculture indicate also an increase in the degree of responsibility as
the level of government moves a notch higher (i.e., from barangay to municipal to provincial). In
the barangay level, there are support services which include the distribution of planting materials
and operation of a buying station for the farm products. As we move a notch higher (at the
municipal level), the responsibilities go more complex than those at the barangay level. This is
because of the availability and sufficiency of resources being enjoyed by the various levels of
government. However, the code provides that “the national government or the next higher level
of local government unit may provide or augment the basic services and facilities assigned to a
lower level of local government unit when such services or facilities are not made available or, if
made available, are inadequate to meet the requirements of its inhabitants” (RA 7160).
Moreover, under Section 17 (g) of the code, the enumerated basic services and facilities “shall be
funded from the share of local government units in the proceeds of national taxes and other local
revenues and funding support from the national government, its instrumentalities, and
government-owned or controlled corporations which are tasked by law to establish and maintain
such services or facilities. Any fund or resource available for the use of local government units
shall be first allocated for the provision of basic services or facilities enumerated” (RA 7160).
From these provisions, we see that there is co-responsibility among the levels of government,
being faithful to the principle of subsidiarity. Furthermore, it pertains that, even though the
responsibilities of providing for the basic services are devolved to local governments, the national
government still holds a part in the success of the delivery of basic services to the populace.
In the local government of Oton, the municipal government provides aid to barangays.
Specifically, in the 2011, the allocated funds for aid to barangays sum up to Php 636,400.00,
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which are geared towards general public services. Appendix D presents the Statement of Fund
Operations for budget year 2011. These funds are intended in augmenting the funds of local
governments at the barangay level. There is a need to augment the funds of local governments at
the barangay level because municipalities enjoy 34% of the internal revenue allotment (IRA)
while barangays only enjoy 24%, notwithstanding the varying scopes of taxing powers being
provided by the code under Articles II to IV of Chapter II, Book II.
Meanwhile, under Section 12 of the Local Government Code,
provinces/cities/municipalities have government centers where offices, agencies, or branches of
the national government, local government units or government owned or controlled corporations
can be located. Due to the devolution of the responsibility, personnel and facilities to the local
government unit, local governments now have offices which are geared to the accomplishment of
the goals and aspirations of the Code.
Specifically, in the municipality of Oton, there is the Office of the Municipal Agriculture
and Cooperative (MACO). The MACO is a branch of the technical component of the Local
Planning Structure, being a national government agency in the locality (Brilliantes 2003). Under
Section 107 of the Local Government Code, “local development councils may call upon any local
official concerned or any official of national agencies or offices in the local government to assist
in the formulation of their respective development plans and public investment programs.” That
is, local development councils go back to technical agencies/offices for policy formulation
purposes, specifically in trying to incorporate expertise into the policy or program lined for
formulation and implementation.
The MACO is poised at performing the following functions:
1. Formulating measures for the approval of the Sanggunian and providing technical
assistance and support to the mayor in carrying out said measures to ensure the delivery
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of basic services and provisions of adequate facilities relative to agriculture services as
stated in Section 17 of the Local Government Code (LGC);
2. Developing plans and strategies and, upon approval thereof by the mayor, implementing
the same, particularly those which have to do with agricultural programs and projects
which the mayor is empowered to implement and which the Sanggunian is empowered to
provide for under the Local Government Code;
3. Being at the frontline of delivery of basic agricultural services, particularly those needed
for survival of the inhabitants during and in the aftermath of manmade and natural
disaster; and,
4. Recommending to the Sanggunian and advising the mayor on all other matters related to
agriculture and aquaculture which will improve the livelihood and living conditions of
the inhabitants.
The Local Government Code, for sections 12 and 107, advances a system of cooperation
between the technical and political components of the planning structure. The technical
component includes national government agencies/local offices of national government agencies
(or the non-elective officials), while the political component includes the Sanggunian and the
Local Development Council (Brilliantes 2003). From the stated functions of the MACO, there
exists a system of co-responsibility and teamwork among the office itself, the Sanggunian, the
Local Development Council and the mayor. The MACO provides the measures and technical
expertise for the Sanggunian to consider, especially if the Sanggunian would legislate ordinances
that would have an effect – direct and indirect – on agriculture. Furthermore, the MACO
represents the interest of agriculturists during Local Development Council sessions.
Under Section 447, 458 and 468 of the Local Government Code, the unique role of the
Sanggunian in local planning and development is explicitly provided in its power to prescribe
reasonable limits and restraints on the use of property. Moreover, no development
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programs/projects/activities could be implemented without the authorization coming from the
Sanggunian. Furthermore, Sanggunian members are equally responsible for, and ought to be as
actively involved in planning as the executive.
This function of the Sanggunian and the executive body results to the ordinances and
executive orders which seek to buttress the measures/projects desired by the MACO tangent to
their official functions. For the period of 2010 to 2012, there is an executive order and an
ordinance related to agriculture. These include:
1. Ordinance No 2011 – 231 (Ordinance promoting organic farming and providing tax
incentives thereof). It seeks to encourage every farmer in the municipality to practice
organic farming method by using purely organic fertilizers like compost, pesticides
and other farm inputs. Furthermore, farmers implementing the organic farming
method shall be registered with the MACO, with the office inspecting the farm unit
and issues Certified Organic Product (COP) label upon ensuring that the farm unit
passes the standard of organic farming. Moreover, the municipality shall create an
organic display center and provide incentives to farmers/dealers using the organic
farming method; and,
2. Executive Order No. 3 (Re-organizing the Bantay Dagat of the Municipality of Oton,
their composition and functions). The EO is founded on the principle that
management and control over fisheries and aquatic resources shall be affected by the
government through the active and extensive participation of the people. The EO
seeks to institutionalize the major role of the local fisherfolks and other resource
users through community-based planning and implementation of policies and
programs for the development and protection of the fisheries and aquatic resources of
the municipal waters by identifying key persons in the six coastal barangays of the
municipality.
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Delegating legislative functions from the national government enabled local government
units to be more responsive to the compelling and urgent concerns/needs of the community. In
the case of the municipality of Oton, the ordinance and executive order aim to improve its
agricultural competencies by, first, encouraging new technologies in farming and, second,
safeguarding their own resources.
The agricultural programs and projects undertaken in the municipality of Oton include
productivity programs which include trainings/field exposure on organic farming system,
research and development project, vegetable communal and school gardening and distribution of
vegetable seeds and planting materials; maintenance of municipal nursery which includes the
production of assorted planting materials/seedlings; improvement of livestock/poultry production
and management, which includes animal health management through vaccination, deworming
and treatment of farm and domesticated animals, production of Darag Native chicken; support for
Farmers Information and Technology Services (FITS) Center; supervision and monitoring of
farm-based organizations; and fisheries production which includes implementation of fishery
laws through monitoring of illegal fishing, maintenance of patrol boat and
installation/maintenance and monitoring of existing artificial reefs.
The focus would now shift towards a specific program, which is the Bantay Dagat
program of the municipality as stated in Executive Order No. 3. The Bantay Dagat program is
intended for the protection of fishery and aquatic resources of the municipality, especially from
illegal fishing practices. The T&A mechanism table was used for this purpose.
Through the T&A mechanism table, we see that the Bantay Dagat program of Oton is
made available to the public by publicizing the program through the LGU’s website, participatory
through community-based planning and implementation of the program, and the defined
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limitations of functions/duties of the council in the conduct of their responsibility. Furthermore,
strengths and weaknesses of each indicator were duly identified.
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Table 1 . Transparency-and-Accountability Mechanism Table on the Bantay Dagat Program of Oton, Iloilo
INDICATORS EFFECTIVENESS
ACCESSIBILITY
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES RECOMMENDATIONS
Transparency1 Access to information
and public recordsLeads to an informed citizenry
Made available through the municipality’s website
Allows people to review program
Accessible to the youth
Owners/operators of illegal fishing vessels have access to information which they can use at their own advantage.
Written in English, while the persons assigned to the council are fisherfolks who might not be able to comprehend the medium used
The medium used in the EO should also be written in vernacular because persons assigned to the council might not be able to comprehend the EO if it were to be still written in English
2 Disclosure of program budget
Allows external audit of budget allocated for program
Made available through the municipality’s website
People would know where their taxes go
Program budget is not mentioned in the EO
Indicate budget of the program in the EO
Accountability1 Community Viewed legal by the There are Citizens are provided Some citizens Create communication
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participation populace because it is within their purview
identified persons assigned with key responsibilities
with opportunities to offer and incorporate their own suggestions to the solution/program
have inherent bias against the program, especially among families who fish illegally
No linkage between MACO and the council
Opportunity for community participation can be limited especially if assigned person is not capable of tapping constituents
channels between MACO and the council
Bantay Dagat council should conduct community meetings to multiply opportunities for community participation
2 Rule-based procedures Key responsible individuals would know their limitations in terms of function
Functions and limitations of the council has been duly identified
No overlapping of duties/responsibilities
Duties/functions are not quantified/specific
Specify/quantify the duties/functions of the Bantay Dagat council
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The Local Government Code of 1991 enabled the transfer of responsibility, personnel
and facilities for the delivery of basic services like agriculture from the national government to
the local level. The code has been specific on the duties and responsibilities of local governments
especially on agriculture. These include extension and support systems to farmers through the
distribution of the means for agricultural production like seeds, seedlings and fingerlings,
research and development projects and provision of infrastructures that assist farmers.
Moreover, the Local Government Code of 1991 states that a higher level of local
government can augment or provide the production/delivery of basic services if in case the
assigned lower level of local government cannot provide. This can come in the form of aid to
barangays, in the case of municipal governments.
Furthermore, the Local Government Code paved way for a much responsive planning
structure through the presence of national government agencies at the local level. There is the
Office of the Municipal Agriculture and Cooperative (MACO) in the municipality of Oton, which
provides technical expertise to formulation, implementation, and evaluation of policies relative to
agriculture.
Through the use of the transparency and accountability (T&A) mechanism table, the
researcher was able to assess the mechanisms of transparency and accountability of the local
government unit of Oton in the formulation and implementation of the Bantay Dagat program.
The Bantay Dagat program is made accessible to the people through the use of the LGU’s
website, participatory through enabling community-based planning and implementation, and
limitations of the council were duly identified.
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CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, this study was able to present that the Local Government Code of 1991 has
an effect on the production and delivery of goods and services along the sector of agriculture. It
was proven in the results and discussion of the study that the Local Government Code enabled a
much more responsive action from the local government unit through policies and programs that
address the concerns of the populace.
The study was also able to describe the provisions of the Local Government Code of
1991 which are specific to agriculture. These provisions are usually geared towards support and
extension services to farmers through capacity enhancement.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Through the results and discussion of the study, the researcher suggests the following:
1. Provide a translated version of executive orders . As in the case of the EO No. 3, which
intends to inform the local fisherfolks regarding their responsibility as members of the
Bantay Dagat, the use of English as the medium can be a disadvantage. This is because
fisherfolks, though not all, may not be able to comprehend the EO. A translated version
of executive orders, or even ordinances, would depend on the target beneficiaries. If the
target beneficiaries were able to understand English, then there exists no need to provide
for the translation.
2. Indicate the allocated funds in ordinances/executive orders. To provide as potential
source for policy evaluation, the allocated funds for the implementation of
program/project stated in ordinances/executive orders should be stated. This will
enhance the transparency mechanism of the program.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brilliantes, Alex. Innovations and Excellence. Understanding Local Government in the
Philippines. Manila: Center for Local and Regional Governance, National College of
Public Administration and Governance, University of the Philippines, 2003.
www.oton.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines, Republic Act 7160.
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A: Ordinance Number 2011 – 0231
AN ORDINANCE PROMOTING ORGANIC FARMING
AND PROVIDING TAX INCENTIVES THEREOF.
AS PROPOSED by Hon. Jafet P. Salinas, ON MOTION of the Committees on
Agriculture and Aquatic Resources, composed of Hon. Leonida C. Alison, Hon. Serafin N. Clavel
II and Rodolfo Z. Alconga Jr. and Ways and Means, composed of Hon. Juan Miguel M. Flores,
Hon. Leonida C. Alison and Hon. Margarito T. Clavel III and duly seconded by Hon. Juan
Miguel M. Flores
BE IT ORDAINED by the Sangguniang Bayan of Oton, Iloilo, that:
Section 1. Introductory Clause. Organic Farming is embodied in Republic Act No. 10068, An
Act Providing for the Development and Promotion of Organic Agriculture in the
Philippines and for other Purposes.
Organic farming will cumulatively condition and enrich the fertility of the soil,
increase farm productivity; reduce pollution and destruction of the environment, prevent
the depletion of natural resources, further protect the health of farmers, consumers and
the general public, and save program for the promotion of community based – organic
agriculture systems.
Organic farming proves to be more profitable than the age old traditional farming
methods. It has been found that organic farming reduces the production cost by about 25
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– 30%, as it does not involve the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which thus
makes organic farming cost effective.
Soil is the most important component in farming and organic farming preserves
soil by reducing soil erosion up to a large extent. Organic farming also enables the
farmers to use the soil for a longer period of time to grow crops as soil fertility is
maintained for a long time.
Organic farming has a positive effect on the ecosystem, as it proves vital in
supporting the survival of wildlife in the lowlands. It even provides safe pasture lands
for grazing animals. This practice is not only beneficial for farmers, but it also has
proved useful for the dairy industry. Cattle grazing on organic farmlands have been
found to be less prone to diseases and yield more milk. These are definitely good signs
for a consumer of these dairy products from health perspective and for a dairy
organization from the profit perspective.
The original nutritional content of food is preserved due to the absence of
synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.
Organic products moreover are tastier than the products yielded from traditional
farming. Scientific studies have proven that organic farming foods are healthier than the
inorganic ones.
Eating organic foods may in fact reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke and cancer
for individuals who abstain from consuming products produced through conventional
farming methods. Thus, this Ordinance is created for purposes of promoting organic
farming.
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Section 2. Definition of Terms. As used in this Ordinance, the following terms are defined as
follows:
a) Organic Farming – includes all agricultural systems that promote the environmentally,
socially and economically sound production of food and fibers. These systems take
local soil fertility as a key to successful production, by respecting the natural capacity
of plants, animals and the landscape. The method dramatically reduces external
inputs by refraining from the use of chemo–synthetic fertilizer, pesticides and
pharmaceuticals.
b) Organic Production System – is a system designed to:
1) enhance biological diversity within the whole system;
2) increase solid biological diversity;
3) maintain long – term solid fertility;
4) recycle wastes of plant and animal origin in order to return nutrients to the
land, thus minimizing the use of nonrenewable resources;
5) rely on renewable resources on locally organized agricultural systems;
6) promote the healthy use of soil, water and air as well as minimize all forms of
pollution thereto that may result from agricultural practices;
7) develop and promote the use of biotechnology in agriculture;
8) handle agricultural products with emphasis on careful processing methods in
order to maintain the organic integrity and vital qualities of the product at all
stages; and
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9) become established on any existing farm through a period of conversion, the
appropriate length of which is determined by site–specific factors such as the
history of land and type of crops and livestock to be produced.
c) Conventional Agriculture – farming systems dependent on the input of artificial
fertilizers and / or pesticides.
d) Conversion Period – refers to the time between the start of the organic management
and the certification of crops, animal husbandry or aquaculture products as organic.
e) Labeling – any written, printed, or graphic presentation that is affixed to a product.
f) Farm Unit – an agricultural area or production managed organically, which a farmer or
a group owns or in any other way responsible for.
g) Certified Organic Product (COP) – a crop or livestock production that is certified by
the Municipal Agriculture and Cooperative Office (MACO) utilizing a system of
organic production.
Section 3. Regulation. Every farmer in the municipality of Oton is encouraged to practice
organic farming method. It shall use purely organic fertilizers such as compost,
pesticides and other farm inputs.
Section 4. Registration. Every farmer implementing the organic farming method shall register
with the MACO. The farmer shall indicate its farm produce and the date it started the
conversion to organic farming method. The MACO shall make validation as to the
farming methods used.
Section 5. Accreditation. Process of Accreditation:
a) The farmer will apply at the MACO for COP.
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b) The MACO shall inspect the farm unit and will issue COP if it passes the standard of
organic farming.
c) If the items are ready for the market, the farmers or dealers will label the products as
witnessed by the MACO representative.
Section 6. Labeling of Farm Products. False or Misleading Marks and Labels.
a) It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to sell products which claim or
labeled as organic without the approval of the MACO.
b) No article shall be sold or offered for sale to any person, natural or juridical, under any
name or other making or labeling which is false or misleading.
Section 7. Creation of Organic Display Center. The Municipality shall provide space for the
farmers or producers producing organic products. The following shall be given priority
in the display center:
a) production of vermi-compost and its pricing;
b) production of organic traditional rice such as: white, red and black rice;
c) preparation of concoction for natural farming system.
Section 8. Incentives. The farmer or dealer using the organic farming method shall avail the
incentives of:
a) discount on the vermi-compost purchased at the vermi-compost facility of the
Municipality.
b) shall be exempted from the payment of taxes and other miscellaneous fees charged by
the Municipality but not to exceed five (5) years from the start of the operation.
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Section 9. Penalty Clause.
a) Any person violating the preceding sections shall be meted a fine of P1,000 or
imprisonment of not more than ten (10) days at the discretion of the court and in
addition thereto, forfeit the benefits granted by this Ordinance.
Section 10. Repealing Clause. All municipal ordinances or parts of any municipal ordinance
inconsistent with the provisions of this Ordinance are hereby repealed or modified
accordingly.
Section 11. Separability Clause. If any provision of this Ordinance is held invalid, the other
provisions not affected thereby shall continue in operation.
Section 12. Effectivity Clause. Based on Section 511 of the Local Government Code, this
Ordinance with penal sanctions shall take effect either on the day following its
publication, or at the end of three (3) consecutive weeks period of posting, whichever
occurs later.
Section 13. Copies. This Ordinance shall be furnished to the Office of the Mayor; MACO;
MPDO; Farmers Associations; MTO; MBO; Actg. Office and the Sangguniang
Panlalawigan of Iloilo for information, guidance and review respectively.
UNANIMOUSLY APPROVED.
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APPENDIX B: Executive Order Number 03
RE-ORGANIZING THE BANTAY DAGAT OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF OTON,
THEIR COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONS
WHEREAS, it is a declared policy of state to ensure that management and control over fisheries
and aquatic resources shall be affected by the Government through the active and extensive
participation of people;
WHEREAS, the subsistence fisherfolk have been seeking the enhancement of their empowerment
through meaningful participation in the management, development and protection of fisheries and
aquatic resources for sustainable productivity;
NOW THEREFORE, I, VICENTE B. FLORES, JR. Mayor, Municipality of Oton, by virtue of
the powers vested in me by the law do hereby order:
Section 1. To institutionalize the major role of the local fisherfolks and other resources users thru
community-based planning and implementation of policies and programs for the development
and protection of the fisheries and aquatic resources of the municipal waters as defined by the
Local Government Code, there is hereby re-organized BANTAY DAGAT in the Municipality of
Oton, to be composed of the following:
Brgy. Alegre Galdwin Ganancial Rogelio Gavilangoso Brgy. Poblacion East Luis Cordova Ruperto Molina
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Brgy. Poblacion South Franklin Minerva Ruben Suarez Ulyses Rodrigo Enrico Contemplo Jose Tesoro Brgy. Trapiche Ernesto Mirasol Crispin Gela Rene Octavio Hernanie Guevara Brgy. Botong Domingo Caurao Patricio Tamon Jomar Domago Brgy. Cabanbanan Ramon Acosta Dante Palma Luis Tahum Kenneth Bustillo
Section 2. Functions – The Bantay Dagat shall have among their primary functions the following
1. To cooperate and augment government law enforcement agencies in strict enforcement of
related municipal ordinances and fishery laws.
2. Cooperate with the Fishery and Aquatic Resource Management Council (FARMC) in
raising the level of community awareness with regard to coastal protection and fisheries
management.
3. Be responsible on data gathering and monitoring of illegal fishing vessels entering the
municipal waters.
Section 3. Deputation of Bantay Dagat members – the members of the Bantay Dagat shall
undergo training and be deputized as fish wardens. The appropriate government units such as the
Municipal Agriculture Office is hereby instructed to ready the process and necessary activities for
deputation the Bantay Dagat members and officers.
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Section 4. Technical Assistance – The Municipal Agriculture Office, General Services Office,
Municipal Treasurer’s Office, FARMC’s, and Oton PNP are instructed to extend technical
assistance to Bantay Dagat members.
This order shall take effect immediately.
Signed this 1st of March 2010 at the Municipality of Oton, Iloilo, Philippines.
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APPENDIX C: Annual Investment Program, Municipality of Oton
Program/Project/Activity Description
Implementing Office/
Department
Schedule of Implementation
Expected Outputs Appropriation
Amount (in '000)
Starting Date
Completion Date
Actual Amount
Balance%
Accomplished
I. Expansion and Rehabilitation of Productivity Programs
1. Conduct trainings, field days/trips on organic farming system, IPM, Palay-Check, Livestock Production & Mngt. & Fisheries Production & Other Farmer's Activities (Farmer's/Night & Sandiya Festival)
MACO January December 10 trainings/year, 1 Sandiya Festival 1 Farmer's/Family Night
100,000.00 5,400.00 94,600.00 5%
2. Research and Development Project
MACO May December 4 Demo-Farm (Varietal trials, INM, Natural Farming Tipid Abono
50,000.00 0 50,000.00 0%
3. Vegetable Communal & School Gardening
MACO January December 37 barangays/schools 150,000.00 130,000.00 20,000.00 87%
4. Distribution of Vegetable MACO January December 37 Barangays/16 60,000.00 39,647.50 20,352.50 66%
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Seeds & Planting Materials elem. schools
II. Maintenance of Municipal Nursery
1. Production of assorted planting materials seedlings
MACO January December production and distribution of 6,000 assorted planting materials/seedlings
60,000.00 26,445.00 33,555.00 44.1%
III. Improvement of Livestock/Poultry Production and Management
1. Animal Health Mngt. Thru Vaccination, Deworming & Treatment of farm and domesticated animals
MACO January December at least 90% of the animal population vaccinated & dewormed
300,000.00 255,082.00 44,918.00 85%
2. Production of Darag Native Chicken
MACO January December purchase of stocks and IEC on Native Chicken production
50,000.00 28,100.00 21,900.00 56%
IV. Support for:
1. Farmers Information and Technology Services (FITS) Center
MACO January December 50% database farmers profiling 6 technology training 50% informative & technology services FITS Day
60,000.00 0 60,000.00 0%
V. Supervise and Monitor MACO January December 1 MAFC/1 200,000.00 102,479.00 97,521.00 51.2%
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Farm Base Organizations:
MAFC, FARMC, FA, RIC, FYDP, OCAI and Cooperatives
FARMC/1 FA (Fed) 1 RIC/1cutflower/1 FYDP/1 COOP
VI. Fisheries Production both Marine and Aquaculture
1. Implementation of Fishery Laws thru Monitoring of Illegal Fishing
MACO January December continuous operation of Bantay Dagat on illegal fishing
150,000.00 59,119.25 90,880.75 39.4%
2. Maintenance of Patrol Boat
MACO January December 2 units Patrol Boat maintained
60,000.00 31,263.50 28,736.50 52.1%
3. Installation/Maintenance and Monitoring of existing Artificial Reefs
MACO January April maintained artificial reefs
50,000.00 1,700.00 48,300.00 3.4%
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APPENDIX D: STATEMENT OF FUND OPERATION OF MUNICIPALITY OF OTON (2011)
Budget Year 2011
Province of ILOILO, Municipality of OTON
FUND/SPECIAL ACCOUNT: General Fund
ParticularsGeneral Public Services
Social ServicesEconomic Services
Other Services
Total
I. Beginning Cash BalanceII. ReceiptsTax RevenueOperating & Miscellaneous Income
P8,435,000.00P91,763,249.00
Total Operating & Miscellaneous Income
P100,198,249.00
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III. ExpendituresA. Current Operating Expenditures1.Personal Services
Salaries & WagesPersonnel Economic Relief AllowanceRepresentation AllowanceTransportation AllowanceClothing AllowanceSubsistence & Laundry AllowanceProductivity Enhancement IncentivesHazard PayCash GiftChristmas BonusLife & Retirement Insurance PremiumPAG-IBIG ContributionsPHILHEALTH ContributionsECC ContributionsTerminal Leave PayOther Personnel Benefits (Monetization)Other Personnel Benifits (Merit Bonus)Other Personnel Benifits (Loyalty)
P18,738,056.40P2,376,000.00P1,461,240.00P1,461,240.00P352,000.00
P0.00P990,000.00
P0.00P495,000.00
P1,561,666.60P2,248,606.64P374,800.00P225,000.00P106,305.00P97,605.00P742,578.00P176,000.00P60.000.00
P4,767,643.60P696,000.00P162,000.00P162,000.00P116,000.00P557,100.00P290,000.00
P1,042,000.00P145,000.00P397,302.80P572,127.00P95,364.00P56,700.00P32,573.00
P0.00P189,962.00P58,000.00P20,000.00
P4,444,944.00P600,000.00P118,800.00P118,800.00P100,000.00
P0.00P250,000.00
P0.00P125,000.00P370,412.00P533,406.00P88,820.00P53,400.00P29,070.00P10,000.00P177,101.00P50,000.00P10,000.00
P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00
P27,950,644.00P3,672,000.00P1,742,040.00P1,742,040.00P612,000.00P557,100.00
P1,530,000.00P1,042,000.00P765,000.00
P2,329,381.40P3,354,139.64P558,984.00P335,100.00P157,948.00P107,605.00
P1,109,641.00P284,000.00P90,000.00
Total Personal Services
P31,466,097.64 P9,359,772.40 P7,079,753.00 P0.00 P47,949,623.04
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2. Maintenance &Other Operating Exp.Travel ExpensesTraining &Seminar ExpensesOffice Supplies ExpensesGeneral ServicesOffice Equipment MaintenanceMiscellaneous ExpensesMotor Vehicle MaintenanceMass WeddingComputerization of Civil Reg. FilesAuditing ServicesAccountable FormsPublic AuctionFidelity BondDay Care Worker AllowanceHonoraria for Senior CitizenHonoraria for PWD PresidentSupport Fund for Res./Ord.Drugs and Medicines ExpensesRepresentation Exp. BHWOther Non-Office Expenditure
P850,000.00P555,000.00P935,000.00
P2,715,000.00P305,000.00P632,963.71P800,000.00P25,000.00
P0.00P0.00
P300,000.00P100,000.00P30,000.00
P0.00P0.00P0.00
P50,000.00P0.00P0.00
P10,712,600.00
P230,000.00P100,000.00P160,000.00P329,000.00P25,000.00P10,000.00
P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00
P819,000.00P60,000.00P36,000.00
P0.00P200,000.00P528,000.00
P1,510,000.00
P250,000.00P100,000.00P130,000.00P95,000.00P45,000.00P70,000.00
P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00
P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00
P1,286,000.00P755,000.00
P1,225,000.00P3,139,000.00P375,000.00P712,963.71P800,000.00P25,000.00
P0.00P0.00
P300,000.00P100,000.00P30,000.00P819,000.00P60,000.00P36,000.00P50,000.00P200,000.00P528,000.00
P12,222,600.00
Total Maintenance & Other Oper. Expenses
P18,010,563.71 P4,007,000.00 P690,000.00 P0.00 P22,707,563.71
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3.Capital Outlays 4.Budgetary Requirements20% Development Fund5% Calamity FundAid to BarangayDebt ServicingDiscretionary Fund
P220,000.00
P2,370,000.00P0.00
P636,400.00P0.00
P150,000.00
P30,000.00
P7,709,649.80P5,009,012.45
P0.00P0.00P0.00
P0.00
P9,760,000.00P0.00P0.00
P3,500,000.00P0.00
P0.00 P200,000.00
P0.00P0.00P0.00P0.00
P250,000.00
P20,039,649.80P5,009,012.45P636,400.00
P3,500.000.00P150,000.00
Total Budgetary Requirements
P3,156,400.00 P12,718,662.25 P13,260,000.00 P200,000.00 P29,335,062.25
TOTAL
P52,853,061.35 P26,115,434.65 P21,029,753.00 P200,000.00 P100,198,249.00
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