External Use
TM
QorIQ Qonverge, SoC Solutions
for HetNet
M A Y . 2 0 1 5
Gino Gatto | Senior Field Application Engineer
EUF-SNT-T1476
TM
External Use 1
Agenda
• Explosion in Demand for Wireless Data Traffic and
Operators’ Challenges
• Trends in Wireless Networks
• Wireless Base Station Sites and Types
• Silicon Vendors’ Challenges
• Complete SoC Portfolio for Base Stations
• SoC Portfolio Architectures
• Freescale Software Solutions
• Rich Ecosystem of Partners
TM
External Use 2
Explosion of Traffic on Wireless Networks
Source: Ericsson (2013)
• Global mobile penetration is at 92% and growing at >100M subs per quarter
• EMEA, LAMEX, NAM & APAC* all > 100% penetration (*excluding China)
• Mobile broadband subscribers will grow 4x to reach 9.3B by 2019, 5.6B Smart Phone, 2.6B LTE
• Smart phone traffic will grow 10x driven by an average user monthly data traffic growth from 600 MB to 2.2 GB
• LTE global population coverage will be 65% by 2019, North America will be 95%
TM
External Use 3
MobileGPS
Touchpad
Notebook
Appliance
Addressing the Mobile Data Tsunami
• Multiple parallel approaches required…
• New network topologiesCloud-RAN, small cells, DAS, HetNet…
• More efficient use of spectrum: LTE/OFDM, massive/high-order MiMO
• New technologies: wireless backhaul (relay), carrier Wi-Fi® offload
• Regulatory innovation with new spectrum (e.g. 5G), white spaces, spectrum re-farming (e.g 2G/3G reuse)
TM
External Use 4
Operators Facing Multiple Challenges
• Move from voice to data-centric usage
driving 18x increase in bandwidth
demand
• User density in urban areas - by
2016, 60% of mobile traffic will be
generated in metro areas
• Limited, higher frequency spectrum
with poor building penetration
• Current deployments have large
footprints and high running costs
resulting in high OPEX
• Current deployments lead to over
provisioning and poor load balancing
resulting in high CAPEX
Source: Ericsson (2012/2013)
Month
ly P
eta
Byr
es
(10
15B
)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
0
3,000
6,000
9,000
12,000
Data: mobile PCs, tablets and mobile routers
Data: mobile phones
Voice
15,000
TM
External Use 5
Small Cells Can Help
• 3G small cell volumes have peaked
• LTE small cell deployments have started – Freescale has more than 50 customer engagements
• 2014 will see volume LTE small cell shipments on FDD-LTE and initial TDD-LTE shipments
• Trials and deployments in every region – Freescale involved in NAM, LAMEX, EMEA & APAC
• No longer coverage only but part of deployment strategies for capacity, QoS and in-building penetration
Source: Infonetics (2013)
TM
External Use 6
Pico and RRH
Dedicated Backhauls
Relay RF Backhaul
Core
Network
Femto
Internet Backhaul
Internet
Wi-Fi®
Femto
Wi-Fi Offload
Metro/Pico RRH
Relay
Two major wireless infrastructure trends are dominant:
• Rapid growth in small cells as Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet)
deployments leveraged to address coverage and capacity issues
• Macrocells driving for higher density and more centralization
TM
External Use 7
Macro RAN Solution Trends
• Higher density solutions
− Doubling in throughputs/capacity and
greater…
• Centralized base stations with
large resource pools− Layer 1, MAC scheduler, Layer 2,
transport and control
• Cloud-RAN with virtualized,
pooled resources− Specialized Layer 1, virtualized GPP for
higher level functions
RRH - Remote Radio Heads
CPRI Fiber
Connections
BBU Pool/Hotel
TM
External Use 8
High bandwidth optical transport
network:Adaptable for dynamic network load
Cloud-RAN Trend
• Reduced OPEX: Fewer sites, easier maintenance
• Baseband pooling/load balancing: Maximize equipment loading, reduced redundancy
• Centralized baseband: Collaborative multipoint, inter-cell interference coordination
Baseband Pool
BB Pool BB Pool
PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC PHY/MAC
Optical Transport Network
x2+
CPRI switch
Real-time Cloud for centralized
baseband processing:Reduce BS sites, lower power
consumption and CAPEX/OPEX cost
High bandwidth optical transport
network:Adaptable for dynamic network load
Distributed RRU:Cooperative multi-point processing,
improve SE
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
Virtualized Control & Transport
Network load balancing. Server Pool
TM
External Use 9
Wireless Base Station Deployments and Types
Indoor
OutdoorHome Femtocell
SOHO Femtocell
Public Venue/Enterprise PicocellEnterprise Pico/Metrocell
Macrocell
Urban Area Metrocells
Cloud RAN
TM
External Use 10
Characteristics of Base Station Types
Cell Installed # Active
Users
Max Radius
(Km)
Bandwidth
(MHz)
Max RF
Power
(dBm)
Sectors MiMO
Femto Indoor 4-32 0.1 10 20 1 2x2
Pico In/outdoor 32-100 0.2 10-20 24 1 2x2
Metro Outdoor 100-250 < 3 20 - 40 < 38 1-2
2x2
&
4x4
Macro/
CRANOutdoor
250-1000
1000-10,000< 30 60-80 50-80 3
4x4
&
8x8
TM
External Use 11
Silicon Vendors’ Challenges
TM
External Use 12
Challenges for Semiconductor Solutions
• Complex mix of IP: DSP, CPU, Acceleration
• High levels of integration: Balanced resources for use case, power consumption and efficiency
• Complete solutions including entire processing chain, hardware and software
• Multiple target price/performance points driving need for scalable architecture, software compatibility/ease of use and reuse
• Relentless focus on reduction in total cost of ownership
TM
External Use 13
Silicon Vendor Software Requirements
Additional Services
Operation & Maintenance
LTE & WCDMA
Layer 1 PY
Operator/OEM
HW Independent
HW Dependent
Payload
RRC
Signali
ng/ST
CPPCDPRTP/GTP
UDP
RLC
MAC
L1 Control
IPv4/v6
IPSEC
Ethernet Control
• Closely coupled software
and hardware
− Hardware specific Layer 1,
performance optimized
• Intelligent software partitioning
− Balanced resources for use case
• System integration and testing
− End to end testing of complete stack
• Intelligent design
− Scalable architecture + software
compatibility and reuse
TM
External Use 14
Freescale’s Base Station
Solutions Portfolio
TM
External Use 15
Complete Baseband SoC Portfolio from Freescale
• Broad portfolio from Femto to Macro with on-time, on-specification release track record
• Common architecture and software tool sets including CodeWarrior Development Suite
• Software and tools ecosystem catering for Tier-1 wireless OEMs and broad market customers
• Rich third-party ecosystem for tools, operating system and application software
• Layer-1 and transport software stacks for small cell solutions to further expedite time to market
• Software compatibility across different devices
• Freescale delivering industry’s first complete SoC
portfolio from home femto to multi-sector macro base
stations
QorIQ Qonverge Base Station-on-Chip SoC Series
• Advanced core and acceleration technologies, highly-balanced architectures for baseband processing integration, advanced process technologies
(45 nm)
(45 nm)
8-32 users
32-100 users
(28nm)
128-256 users
(28 nm)
1000+ users
• Adopted by Industry leading base station OEMs
TM
External Use 16
QorIQ Qonverge B4860 SoC for
Macrocell and Cloud-RAN
TM
External Use 17
New Level of Performance in Mobile
Wireless Infrastructure
• Three 20 MHz sectors 8T/8R LTE in a single
SoC, supporting multiple standards and multimode
operation for macrocell base stations
• Future proof, provides full support and scalability
for LTE-Advanced R.11 and HSPA R.10 standards
• Complete baseband solution, integrates L1, L2,
control and transport baseband processing from
backhaul network to antenna Interface
• Competitive system cost, helps OEMs to meet
operators’ demand for lower CAPEX/OPEX
• Freescale’s R&D scale and unique ownership
of fundamental IP, combined with systems
knowledge drives competitive differentiation
• World-class silicon, 28 nm process
execution and beyond
QorIQ Qonverge B4860 SoC
Solution for Macrocell and C-RAN
TM
External Use 18
QorIQ Qonverge B4860: Block Diagram and Benefits
• Includes 64-bit e6500 dual-threaded cores, built on Power Architecture® technology, offering industry-leading DMIP/MHz performance with AltiVec technology for dramatic L2 scheduling acceleration
• Includes SC3900FP fixed/floating-point StarCore DSP cores providing 2x DSP performance compared to competitive offerings
• 20 GHz of programmable performance
• Smart hardware acceleration for Layer 1, 2, control and transport allows for best in class performance, power and cost
• Large-scale SoC integration allows for simpler programming models and easier load balancing
• Rich I/O mix including backhaul and antenna interfaces provide flexibility, interoperability and reduces overall system cost
TM
External Use 19
Smart Acceleration for Optimal Performance
MAPLE-B
Innovative Layer-1
AccelerationWork distribution between cores
and accelerators
MAPLE-B Layer-1 Hardware Accelerators
Standards supportLTE, WCDMA, WiMAX, GSM and
LTE-Advanced
ThroughputsVery high throughputs enabling low
processing latencies
Programming Simple API
Multimode operations LTE, LTE-A, WCDMA
Advanced MiMO
Innovative MiMO Equalizer for
improved spectral efficiency and
reduce processing latencies compared
to conventional techniques
StreamingDirect streaming to/from antenna
without core intervention
Internal Embedded
Flows
Internal embedded flows for
PUSCH/PDSCH Uplink/Downlink
processing without core intervention
Completely offloads extensive Baseband algorithms
Security acceleration for offload of
Transport functionality
Integrated vector processing unit for
accelerating L2 schedulingDPAA Control/Transport Hardware Accelerators
FMAN
Frame Manager
>20 Gbps aggregate throughput,
Parse, Classify, Distribute
BMAN
Buffer Manager
Manages buffer pools for accelerators
and network interfaces
QMAN
Queue Manager
Simplified sharing of network
interfaces and hardware accelerators
by multiple cores
RMAN
Rapid IO ManagerSeamless mapping sRIO to DPAA
SEC
Security
SNOW-3G, Kasumi, ZUC, IPSec,
AES, DES, MD5, SHA-1/2….
Saving CPU Cycles for higher value work
TM
External Use 20
3-sector 20 MHz LTE Macrocell
with 5 major components
3-sector 20 MHz LTE Macrocell
using Single SoC
Benefit of Intelligent Integration vs. Traditional Discrete
Solution
Multicore
MPUsRIO
Switch
Layer-1
Layer-2/3
Transport
& Control
DSP
CP
RI
I2C
UART
SPI
GE
sRIO
CPRI
Flas
hDDR2 DDR1
Flas
h
Antenna
10 Gbps
1Gbps
DDR
3DDR3
Back Haul
Maint.
PHY
PHYAntenna
DSP
DSP
CPRI
B4860
POWER
4x Cost Reduction
3x Power Reduction
B4860 SoC
TM
External Use 21
Cloud-RAN with BBU Pooling and Control Pooling
• Expense to deploy fiber creates a practical limit on number
and distance of connections to BBU pool
• QorIQ Qonverge (B4860) processor addresses needs unique
to BBU
− More efficient (silicon size and power) for L1 processing
compared to a GPP
− Hardware-based accelerators for standard and repetitive
algorithms
− Low latency and deterministic behavior with L1 and L2
processed on same device
− 10 GbE connections for BBU balancing within the pool
• The base station-on-a-chip approach provides scalable
solution to suit varying capacity needs
• 10G backhaul connectivity is required
• QorIQ (T4240) ideal for Cloud-RAN, data-centric servers
− Lower power than competitor’s GPP
− SoC mimics cloud compute system architecture
− Strong processing assist technology for security,
compression and packet processing
• Ideal for virtualization of core, RNC, gateway, etc.
− Power Architecture® technology leads wireless market
share
− Ecosystem and virtualization solutions exist
Remote Radio Heads
CPRI Fiber
Connections
B4860-Based BBU Pool/Hotel
Mobile Core Infrastructure QorIQ T4240-based Servers
10Gb10Gb
TM
External Use 22
• Based on advanced Power Architecture, StarCore, CoreNet and MAPLE technologies
• First SoC in 28 nm technology node for wireless infrastructure
• Supports the most advanced mobile wireless standards
High-Density Baseband Solution
LTE-Advanced SOLUTION
60 MHz sector on a chip
1.8 Gbps Aggregated Throughput
LTE/LTE-A SOLUTION
Base station on a chip
3-sector, 20 MHz, 8T8R Ant.
1.4 Gbps Aggregated Throughput
LTE, LTE-A,
WCDMA, TD-
SCDMA, GSM
Simultaneous
Multi-mode
LTE+WCDMA
Supports
Macrocells
Supports
Multi-RAT:
WCDMA SOLUTION
Base station on a chip
up to 6 cells, 5 MHz, 2T2R ant.
318 Mbps Aggregated Throughput
QorIQ Qonverge B4860 SoC - Industry Leading
Throughputs/Capacity
TD-SCDMA SOLUTION
Base station on a chip
30 carriers with a single device
TM
External Use 23
QorIQ Qonverge BSC9132
Picocell Solution
TM
External Use 24
QorIQ Qonverge: BSC9132 Block Diagram
Multicore Fabric
4-Lanes SERDES
512KB Shared L2 Cache
StarCore
SC3850 DSP
512KB L2 Cache
USB 2.0
IFC
USIM
1x SPI
SD/MMC
GPIOs
Timers
2x I2C
2x
PC
Ie5
G
2x C
PR
I 6
.1G
4x J
ES
D20
7
Power™
e500mc
Power™
e500mc
StarCore
SC3850 DSP
32 KB
D-Cache
32 KB
I-Cache
32 KB
D-Cache
32 KB
I-Cache
32 KB
D-Cache
32 KB
I-Cache
32 KB
D-Cache
32 KB
I-Cache
Security
Engine
512KB L2 Cache
32-bit
DDR3
Memory
Controller
32-bit
DDR3
Memory
Controller
2x
SG
MII
+ 1
58
8v2MAPLE-B2P
LTE WCDMA
32 KB
Shared
Memory
TDM
Single Chip – Picocell Base Station• Standards support: LTE (Rel. 8/9), WCDMA (Rel.
99/7/8/9), 802.16e
• Bandwidth: 20 MHz or 2x 10 MHz
• 100 LTE or 32 HSPA active users
• Multimode support
• LTE throughputs: 150 Mbps DL / 75 Mbps UL with 2x4 ant.
• HSPA+ throughputs: 84 MbpsDL /23 Mbps UL
• WiMAX 802.16e: up to 50 Mbps DL/13 Mbps UL
• 2G/3G Sniffing and GPS support
• Secured boot and trust architecture support
• Proc. layers: PHY-MAC-RLC-PDCP-Transport
Architecture• Dual e500mc cores, built on Power Architecture®
technology (1 GHz/1.2 GHz)
• Dual StarCore SC3850 DSPs (1 GHz/1.2 GHz)
• MAPLE-B2P Baseband Accelerators Platform
• Security engine - IPsec, Kasumi, Snow-3G
• Dual DDR3/3L, 32-bit,1.333 GHz, w/ ECC
• IEEE® 1588 v2, NTP
• USB 2.0
• 4 SerDes lanes, combining:
• 2x Ethernet 1G SGMII
• 2x CPRI v4.1 @ 6.144G antenna interface
• 1x PCIe @ 5G x2 lanes
• Quad JESD207 RF transceiver interfaces
• NAND/NOR Flash controller, eSDHC, USIM
• I2C, eSPI
• Package – FCPBGA, 23mmx23mm, 0.8mm
TM
External Use 25
QorIQ Qonverge BSC9131
Femtocell Solution
TM
External Use 26
QorIQ Qonverge: BSC9131 Block Diagram
Multicore Fabric
USB 2.0
IFC
USIM
1x SPI
SD/MMC
GPIOs
TDM
2x I2C
Power™
e500mc
256KB L2 Cache
StarCore
SC3850 DSP
512KB L2 Cache
Power™
e500mc
32 KB
D-Cache
32 KB
I-Cache
32 KB
D-Cache
32 KB
I-Cache
32-bit DDR3
Memory
Controller
3x J
ES
D20
7/M
AX
PH
Y
Security
Engine
2x
RG
MII
+ 1
58
8v2MAPLE-B2F
LTE WCDMA
Timers
Single Chip Femtocell Base Station
− SMB Femtocell up to 16 users – BSC9131
− Multimode
SoC Architecture
− e500 core, built on Power Architecture®
technology (800 Mhz – 1 GHz)
− StarCore SC3850 core subsystem (800 MHz –1 GHz)
− MAPLE-B2F Baseband Accelerators Platform
eTVPE – Turbo/Viterbi Decoder
DEPE – Turbo Encoder w/ rate match
CRCPE – CRC check & insertion
FTPE – FFT/DFT
PDPE, PUPE
UMTS Chiprate
− Security engine – IPsec, Kasumi, Snow-3G
− Secured boot
− Single DDR3 Controller 32-bit 800 MHz
− IEEE® 1588 v2, NTP
− USB 2.0
− 2x Ethernet RGMII and IEEE1588v2
− 3x JESD207/MAXPHY RF transceiver interfaces
Multi-standard Architecture
− Standards support: LTE (Rel. 9), WCDMA (Rel. 99/7/8)
− LTE – 20 MHz single sector -10 0Mbps / DL 50 Mbps UL
− HSPA – 5 MHz single sector 42 Mbps / DL 11 Mbps UL
− Processing Layers: PHY-MAC-RLC-PDCP-NTP
− Enabled with 2x2 MiMO
− 2G/3G sniffing and GPS support
TM
External Use 27
Software Solutions from
Freescale and Our Partners
TM
External Use 28
Freescale Small Cell Software Solution
• Comprehensive, commercial grade
L1, L2, L3 and Transport Software
solution for small cells integrated
and tested
− LTE-FDD/TDD and LTE-Advanced L1
software stack (licensed by Freescale)
− L2/L3 software for LTE-FDD/TDD and
LTE-Advanced (licensed by partners)
− Transport software, including IPsec,
QoS backhaul, etc. (licensed by
Freescale and partners)
− Development tools and operating
system software (available through
Freescale and partners)
RRC
L1 Control
MAC
RLC
PDCP
Ethernet Control
IPSEC
IPv4/v6
UDP
GTPSignalin
g
/ STCP
Payload
Operation & Maintenance
LTE & LTE-A
Layer-1 PHY
Additional services
SD
OS
OS
Lin
ux
OS
Freescale OEM/Partners SP/OEM
TM
External Use 29
Hardware Abstract Layer
Hardware & OS Abstract Layer
Freescale - LTE/LTE-A Software Libraries for Macrocell
SC3900 e6500
SDOS
MA
PL
E
LTE/LTE-A Library
LTE L2-L1 API
Linux Kernel Space
Standard, FSL API
Linux User Space
Std
Libs
FMAN
Network
Stacks
QoS
pthreads
Drivers
Eth-Net
Custom
er Libs
Sockets
ASFIPSEC
File
Systems
Rman
Driver
SRIO
Driver
Qman
Driver
USDPA
A LibSEC Lib
Bman
Driver
Std Libs
ApplicationsL2 L3
Std
Apps
Customer
Apps
Optimized and compliance tested reference Layer-1 software
components library for FDD & TDD LTE/LTE-A processing chains
DP
AA
DL Ctrl
PDSCH
PUSCHPRACH
PUCCH
SRSMBSFN
L1 FWK
ANT IFL2-L1 IFDebug
RT Sch
TM
External Use 30
Comprehensive IDEs that provide
a visual, automated framework,
with optimizing compilers to
accelerate development of
complex applications
Leading providers for LTE
commercial Layer 2/3 and
Layer 1 software stacks as
well as system integration
services
Leading providers of
commercial operating systems,
middleware and development
tools
Operating systems with
optimized drivers for CPU, DSP,
accelerators, interfaces
Freescale provides complete
LTE & LTE-A software stacks
for Layer-1 PHY and
Transport
RF boards and test equipment
hardware partners
Platform developed by
Freescale, integrated with RF,
to enable end-to-end system,
introduced with silicon samples
Modular, cost-effective
development platform pertinent
to software and system
development
Reference
Design
Linux SDK
SmartDSP-OS
Complete Solution, Rich Ecosystem
TM
© 2015 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | External Use
www.Freescale.com