April 2013
PV-Diesel-Hybrid Systems for Industrial Applications – Why it makes sense to combine Diesel systems with PV
Diesel Genset PV
+
SMA Solar Technology AG 2 Source: SMA
Why do we talk about supplementing Diesel Gensets with PV?
“Price of diesel 'hits new record high‘. It is thought the rise will even have a
knock-on effect on food prices.”
- BBC news UK
„By upgrading our conventional Diesel Gensets to a PV-Diesel-Hybrid system, we save up to 450,000 liter Diesel fuel every year. This really provides a great business case for our company.“
- Statement from SMA project example (1MWp PV-Diesel-Hybrid
installation on a mining site in South Africa)
“PV system cost have gone down by 50% within the last three years. Now,
new business models become attractive.”
- Intersolar Conference 2012
SMA Solar Technology AG
Agenda
3
1 Introduction to SMA
2 The PV-Diesel-Hybrid Business Model
3 SMA’s System Solution for PV-Diesel-Hybrid Applications
4 Why SMA?
SMA Solar Technology AG
SMA Solar Technology AG – Key Facts
4
Founded in 1981
Sales 2012: EUR 1.5 billion
Over 30 GW installed SMA inverter power worldwide
Well-positioned in 21 markets all over the globe
More than 5500 employees
More than 1 000 professionals in research and development
1 Introduction to SMA
Source: SMA
Headquarters Foreign companies Subsidiaries
Headquarter
SMA Solar Technology AG 5
Being technology and global market leader for PV inverters, SMA serves all market segments worldwide
On-grid
Residential 2 kW to 30 kW
Industrial To > 1 MW
Crystalline modules
Thin film
Concentrator modules Backup
Off-grid
All PV applications All performance ranges All module types
Residential < 2 kW
Commercial 30 kW to 500 kW
SMA has strong partnerships with all relevant PV stakeholders: module manufacturers, developers, wholesalers, EPCs, etc …
1 Introduction to SMA
Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
SUNNY BOY/SUNNY MINI CENTRAL/SUNNY TRIPOWER Max. AC Power (kW)
* reactive-power compatible inverter
Small and medium power class – Complete product range for customized system design
6
With transformer
Without transformer
UL-listed
1 2 3 5 4 6 9 7 17 11 20
1200 3300, 3800
2100TL
6000A 5000A
6000,7000,
8000TL
4600A
10000TL,12000TL,
15000TL,17000TL*
3000US
4000US
3000, 4000,
5000TLUS 5000, 6000,
7000, 8000US
7000HV-11*
2000HF, 2500HF, 3000HF
2000, 2500,
3000HFUS
1300TL 1600TL
4000TL 5000TL 3000TL 3600TL
2500TLST 3000TLST
15000,20000TLEE
240
240US 6000,7000,
8000TLUS
9000,10000,
11000TLUS
9000,10000,
11000TLRP*
8000TL 9000TL 5000TL 6000TL 7000TL
1 Introduction to SMA
8 Due to the wide product range SMA string inverters fit to all applications.
Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG 7
500 1000 800 1250 1800
500MV 630MV 800MV 1000MV 1250MV
TCS500 TCS630 TCS800 TCS1000 TCS1250 TCS1600
600 700
TCS900 TCS1800
500HE-US 500, 630, 720, 760, 800CP-US,
1600MV
500CP XT/ 500CP-JP 630, 720, 760, 800, 850, 900CP XT
. . .
Without transformator
MV-Stations
UL-listed
SUNNY CENTRAL
Power Plant Solutions – inverters and system solutions for every plant design
Max. AC Power (kW)
1 Introduction to SMA
8 SMA offers a complete range of central inverters for industrial applications (incl. MV stations).
Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
Routine Tests
8
Product quality is key at SMA – Leading technology through advanced tests
Endurance Tests
Advanced Tests
Optical inspection / Wiring test
Protective conductor inspection
High-voltage test / Function test
1000-h endurance test at max. temperature & full
power
Powercycle: 1000 cycles “start-operation-stop”
Humidity
Climate
Dust Source: SMA
Seismic Electromagnetic
1 Introduction to SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
Each day, over 20 MW of SMA PV inverters are installed worldwide
9 1. > 400 Mio. € net liquidity (cash and cash equivalents) as of 30.9.2012 2. Total Cost of Ownership Source: SMA project example
Why they chose SMA: Reliability (Technology & Company) Bankability of SMA1
Experience (over 30 GW installed capacity) Grid Management Capability Financial Performance (SMA Inverters increase yield + reduce TCO2)
Risk reduction
RoI maximization
53 MWp, Germany 85 MWp, Italy 14 MWp, South Korea 44 MWp, Thailand
16 MWp, USA 10 MWp, UAE 10 MWp, Greece 22 MWp, Spain
1 Introduction to SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
Reliable service offering is essential to deliver highest yield to our customers
10
Maintenance (New: remote/preventive)
Spare parts guarantee
Diagnosis & Repair
Inverter Availability
8 With more than 30 GW installed base & 750 highly trained service professionals we can handle any PV plant.
Risk reduction
PV plant downtime reduction
Quick and reliable trouble-shooting
No „it‘s not me“ discussion
Yield increase
Optimized power generation in any
environment (seamless integration/
efficient parameterization)
Key Service Offerings
Reduced risk and higher yield
Source: SMA
1 Introduction to SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
With over 20 years of experience in small hybrid installations, we now see a clear business case for industrial applications
11
SMA reference example:
Mining site in South Africa 2x800 kVA Perkins Gensets + 500 kVA grid connection Upgraded with 1 MWp PV
Modules: 4170 high-efficiency 240W poly-Si Inverter: 63 STP 17000 + FSC1
PV power production: ca. 1.8 GWh p.a. Annual savings: approx. 450,000 liter Diesel fuel
1. Fuel Save Controller Source: SMA
1 Introduction to SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
Agenda
12
1 Introduction to SMA
2 The PV-Diesel-Hybrid Business Model
3 SMA’s System Solution for PV-Diesel-Hybrid Applications
4 Why SMA?
SMA Solar Technology AG
Why PV-Diesel-Hybrid systems?
13
Already today, we see a significant cost advantage of PV-Diesel-Hybrid systems compared to conventional Diesel Gensets. This gap will become even bigger in the future.
Source: SMA
Time
Electricity Cost ($/kWh)
Today
PV system cost decreased by > 50% in the last 3 years
Fuel cost for Diesel Gensets are steadily rising
PV-Diesel-Hybrid applications provide a good business opportunity for
Genset operators/end customers Players from the Genset world Players from the PV world
2 PV-Diesel-Hybrid Business Model
SMA Solar Technology AG
PV-Diesel-Hybrid applications cover a wide range of use cases
14
Utilities/ IPP2
(in off-grid/weak-grid regions)
2 PV-Diesel-Hybrid Business Model
8 What benefit brings a PV-Diesel-Hybrid system compared to genset pure play?
Criteria for a favorable industrial Hybrid case PV-Diesel-Hybrid use cases
Remote industries (e.g. mining, oil&gas, desalination)
Tourism (e.g. hotels, resorts)
Real estate (e.g. offices, warehouses)
Big Agriculture (e.g. irrigation systems)
Significant amount of 24/7 base load gensets
Fit of load curve and daily profile of PV power
Sufficient space available for PV installation
Application size for PV: > 0.5 MW
Effective Diesel fuel cost3 > 1 USD/liter for genset operator
End user mindset: need to save OpEx1, CO2 obligations, and/or will to ‘go green’
1. Operational Expenditures 2. Independent Power Producer 3. Effective cost at point of consumption including fuel transportation and storage cost etc. Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
PV-Diesel-Hybrid is already a real business case in high irradiation regions with effective Diesel cost > 1 USD/liter
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Payback time (years)
Diesel cost1 (USD/l)
2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
Annual PV full load time
1. Effective cost at point of consumption including fuel transportation and storage cost etc. Assumptions : 1 MW PV plant; 100% consumption of PV power possible; CapEx=2,000 USD/kWp; OpEx= 2% of CapEx p.a.; PV financing with 30% equity/70% debt with 7% interest rate and amortization time of 5 years; Genset efficiency 3.5 kWh/l (net electricity production); CapEx and Maintenance cost for Diesel genset not included, since PV is considered as add-on here, not as genset hardware substitution Source: Web search, SMA analysis
8 Given the Diesel price volatility and genset industry mindset, a short payback time is crucial.
Volatility span 2009-2012
Actual effective Diesel cost for genset operators in remote areas
Financially attractive area
2 PV-Diesel-Hybrid Business Model
2100 kWh/kWp (sunniest spots worldwide)
1800 kWh/kWp (e.g. Australia)
1500 kWh/kWp (e.g. India)
1200 kWh/kWp (e.g. Italy)
900 kWh/kWp (e.g. Germany)
SMA Solar Technology AG
A detailed cashflow analysis clearly shows the financial attractiveness of PV-Diesel-Hybrid
17 1. PV system cost will significantly depend on country and project specifications 2. Discounted Cash Flows Source: SMA analysis
Assumptions (Base Case) DCF2 Analysis
System is designed such that all generated PV energy can be used
No annual increase of fuel cost included!
PV plant size: 2 MWp
Solar irradiation: 1600 kWh/kWp p.a.
PV system cost1: 2000 USD/kWp CapEx (+ OpEx 2% p.a.)
Effective fuel cost: 1.30 USD/liter
Genset efficiency: 3.5 kWh/liter
PV financing: 30% equity, 70% debt (with 7% interest rate and 5 year amortization time); cashflow discount factor: 8%
Payback time of the investment for PV-Diesel-Hybrid is just 4-5 years.
After 10 years, effective (net) savings are nearly 4 Mio. USD.
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
12 10 9 8 7 6 5
Effective savings2 (Mio. USD)
Years
20 18 16 14 4 3 2 1 0
Debt
Equity
Break-even after 4-5 years
2 PV-Diesel-Hybrid Business Model
SMA Solar Technology AG
Agenda
18
1 Introduction to SMA
2 The PV-Diesel-Hybrid Business Model
3 SMA’s System Solution for PV-Diesel-Hybrid Applications
4 Why SMA?
SMA Solar Technology AG
Industrial loads in remote areas are typically supplied by conventional Genset systems
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
Genset System The main component in
the electricity supply system
Powerhouse Includes main busbars, genset controllers, etc.
Industrial Load e.g. Mining facility, cement
factory, metal works
SMA Solar Technology AG
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
Adding Photovoltaics is the first step towards a future-proof system...
PV Modules/BOS1
All module technologies supported PV inverter
The heart of SMA‘s solution for hybrid
systems
SMA equipment 1. Balance of System (e.g. cabling, module racks, etc)
Genset System The main component in
the electricity supply system
Powerhouse Includes main busbars, genset controllers, etc.
Industrial Load e.g. Mining facility, cement
factory, metal works
SMA Solar Technology AG
... but a smart communication between Genset and PV is mandatory to leverage the full hybrid potential
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
Data Acquisition Module Measures the actual load both active and reactive
PV Main Controller Module Monitors genset status and
computes maximum allowed PV power
Interface Module Acts as a data concentrator and data logging device for
Sunny Tripower inverters
PV Modules/BOS1
All module technologies supported
Genset System The main component in
the electricity supply system
Powerhouse Includes main busbars, genset controllers, etc.
PV inverter The heart of SMA‘s solution for hybrid
systems
Industrial Load e.g. Mining facility, cement
factory, metal works
SMA equipment 1. Balance of System (e.g. cabling, module racks, etc)
Integration of storage will be the next step in order to increase the PV penetration
Data Acquisition Module Measures the actual load both active and reactive
PV Main Controller Module Monitors genset status and
computes maximum allowed PV power
Interface Module Acts as a data concentrator and data logging device for
Sunny Tripower inverters
PV Modules/BOS1
All module technologies supported
Genset System The main component in
the electricity supply system
Powerhouse Includes main busbars, genset controllers, etc.
Battery Inverter (optional2, for increased
PV penetration)
PV inverter The heart of SMA‘s solution for hybrid
systems
Industrial Load e.g. Mining facility, cement
factory, metal works
SMA equipment
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
1. Balance of System (e.g. cabling, module racks, etc) 2. Available by end of 2013
SMA Solar Technology AG
The SMA Fuel Save Controller enables intelligent communication between PV, gensets, and load
23 1. Ratio between nominal PV power and nominal genset power (of gensets running at the same time) 2. Accounting e.g. for minimum genset load and spinning reserve Source: SMA analysis
8 With the Fuel Save Controller + SMA Inverters, we can achieve PV penetration levels1 up to 60% while still securing overall system stability and smooth genset control2.
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
SMA Solar Technology AG
How a typical day could look like (1/10)
24
PV Plant Generator power house
Diesel Gensets
Genset controllers
FSC10CONT(PV Main controller)
Loads
FSC10DAQ(Data acquisition)
FSC10IFM(Interface Module)
STP and PV
SCADA systemPlant controller
Internal control bus
100 kW
1 000 kW
100 kW
400 kW
0 kW
400 kW
0 kW
400 kW
0 kW
800 kW
0 kW
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
0:0
0
2:0
0
4:0
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6:0
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8:0
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10
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14
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16
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18
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20
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22
:00
24h load and PV energy generation profile
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
How a typical day could look like (2/10)
25
PV Plant Generator power house
Diesel Gensets
Genset controllers
FSC10CONT(PV Main controller)
Loads
FSC10DAQ(Data acquisition)
FSC10IFM(Interface Module)
STP and PV
SCADA systemPlant controller
Internal control bus
800 kW
1 000 kW
300 kW
400 kW
300 kW
400 kW
0 kW
400 kW
200 kW
800 kW
560 kW
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
0:0
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2:0
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24h load and PV energy generation profile
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
How a typical day could look like (3/10)
26
PV Plant Generator power house
Diesel Gensets
Genset controllers
FSC10CONT(PV Main controller)
Loads
FSC10DAQ(Data acquisition)
FSC10IFM(Interface Module)
STP and PV
SCADA systemPlant controller
Internal control bus
800 kW
1 000 kW
120 kW
400 kW
120 kW
400 kW
0 kW
400 kW
560 kW
800 kW
560 kW
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
0:0
0
2:0
0
4:0
0
6:0
0
8:0
0
10
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14
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18
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20
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22
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24h load and PV energy generation profile
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
How a typical day could look like (4/10)
27
PV Plant Generator power house
Diesel Gensets
Genset controllers
FSC10CONT(PV Main controller)
Loads
FSC10DAQ(Data acquisition)
FSC10IFM(Interface Module)
STP and PV
SCADA systemPlant controller
Internal control bus
800 kW
1 000 kW
240 kW
400 kW
0 kW
400 kW
0 kW
400 kW
560 kW
800 kW
560 kW
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
Spinning reserve from one genset
not sufficient
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
0:0
0
2:0
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4:0
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6:0
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10
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12
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14
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16
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18
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20
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22
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24h load and PV energy generation profile
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
How a typical day could look like (5/10)
28
PV Plant Generator power house
Diesel Gensets
Genset controllers
FSC10CONT(PV Main controller)
Loads
FSC10DAQ(Data acquisition)
FSC10IFM(Interface Module)
STP and PV
SCADA systemPlant controller
Internal control bus
800 kW
1 000 kW
380 kW
400 kW
0 kW
400 kW
0 kW
400 kW
420 kW
800 kW
420 kW
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
Reduce PV setpoint to force 2nd genset
to start!
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
0:0
0
2:0
0
4:0
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6:0
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8:0
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10
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12
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14
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16
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18
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20
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22
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24h load and PV energy generation profile
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
How a typical day could look like (6/10)
29
PV Plant Generator power house
Diesel Gensets
Genset controllers
FSC10CONT(PV Main controller)
Loads
FSC10DAQ(Data acquisition)
FSC10IFM(Interface Module)
STP and PV
SCADA systemPlant controller
Internal control bus
800 kW
1 000 kW
190 kW
400 kW
190 kW
400 kW
0 kW
400 kW
420 kW
800 kW
420 kW
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
0:0
0
2:0
0
4:0
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6:0
0
8:0
0
10
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12
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14
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16
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18
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20
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22
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24h load and PV energy generation profile
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
0:0
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24h load and PV energy generation profile
How a typical day could look like (7/10)
30
PV Plant Generator power house
Diesel Gensets
Genset controllers
FSC10CONT(PV Main controller)
Loads
FSC10DAQ(Data acquisition)
FSC10IFM(Interface Module)
STP and PV
SCADA systemPlant controller
Internal control bus
800 kW
1 000 kW
360 kW
400 kW
360 kW
400 kW
0 kW
400 kW
80 kW
800 kW
420 kW
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
How a typical day could look like (8/10)
31
PV Plant Generator power house
Diesel Gensets
Genset controllers
FSC10CONT(PV Main controller)
Loads
FSC10DAQ(Data acquisition)
FSC10IFM(Interface Module)
STP and PV
SCADA systemPlant controller
Internal control bus
800 kW
1 000 kW
190 kW
400 kW
190 kW
400 kW
0 kW
400 kW
420 kW
800 kW
420 kW
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
0:0
0
2:0
0
4:0
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6:0
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8:0
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10
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12
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14
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16
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18
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20
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22
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24h load and PV energy generation profile
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
How a typical day could look like (9/10)
32
PV Plant Generator power house
Diesel Gensets
Genset controllers
FSC10CONT(PV Main controller)
Loads
FSC10DAQ(Data acquisition)
FSC10IFM(Interface Module)
STP and PV
SCADA systemPlant controller
Internal control bus
950 kW
1 000 kW
250 kW
400 kW
250 kW
400 kW
250 kW
400 kW
200 kW
800 kW
360 kW
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
0:0
0
2:0
0
4:0
0
6:0
0
8:0
0
10
:00
12
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14
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16
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18
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20
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22
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24h load and PV energy generation profile
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
How a typical day could look like (10/10)
33
PV Plant Generator power house
Diesel Gensets
Genset controllers
FSC10CONT(PV Main controller)
Loads
FSC10DAQ(Data acquisition)
FSC10IFM(Interface Module)
STP and PV
SCADA systemPlant controller
Internal control bus
1 000 kW
1 000 kW
330 kW
400 kW
330 kW
400 kW
340 kW
400 kW
0 kW
800 kW
360 kW
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
30 .. 100 %
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
0:0
0
2:0
0
4:0
0
6:0
0
8:0
0
10
:00
12
:00
14
:00
16
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18
:00
20
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22
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24h load and PV energy generation profile
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
Source: SMA
SMA Solar Technology AG
SMA’s solution allows for a scalable deployment of PV
35 1. Ratio between PV peak power and genset nominal power Source: SMA
PV Inverters
Robust design proven in harsh environments
High tolerance for wide voltage and frequency ranges
Integrated management functions for weak grid
Up to 20% PV
penetration1 possible
Battery Inverters
Storage integration to substitute spinning reserve/idle genset operation
Spinning Reserve
Grid Manager
Increased PV penetration of 100-120% to reach economic optimum, including support for diesel off-mode
Fuel Save Controller
Intelligent and fast interfacing between load, genset and PV inverter
Several operation modes for maximum compability
Together with SMA inverters: up to 60% PV penetration1 possible
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
PV Penetration
up to 60 %
100 % + up to 20 %
PV PENETRATION of 20 % means: For each 1 MW installed Genset capacity
you can add 200 kW of PV
PV PENETRATION of 60 % means: For each 1 MW installed Genset capacity
you can add 600 kW of PV
SMA Solar Technology AG
SMA provides tools for optimal system design and translates this directly into financial benefit for the end customer
36
Optimal system design Simulation of financial benefit
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Years
Effective Savings (cumulative discounted cashflows)
Savings (´000 USD)
Specific solar irradiation, genset power and load
profile are considered to determine the optimal PV
system
Genset specifications (minimum load, spinning
reserve etc.) are also taken into account
Power Audit and grid stability analysis is offered as
additional service
Payback time for PV investment is analyzed as a
function of the fuel price
For a fixed fuel price, the overall saving potential
for the hybrid plant owner is analyzed based on a
DCF1 simulation
1. DCF = discounted cash flow Source: SMA analysis
8 With quick, transparent and reliable information on technical and financial feasibility, we support our customers to find the best solution!
3 SMA‘s Hybrid System Solution
SMA Solar Technology AG
Agenda
37
1 Introduction to SMA
2 The PV-Diesel-Hybrid Business Model
3 SMA’s System Solution for PV-Diesel-Hybrid Applications
4 Why SMA?
SMA Solar Technology AG
Superior system technology leads to higher saving potential
38 Source: SMA
PV-Diesel-Hybrid system technology … Optimized system solution …
4 Why SMA?
… and highest fuel saving potential … plus superior system know-how
SMA Solar Technology AG
Project example: 500 kWp hybrid system in Thailand running successfully since April 2004
39
500 kWp PV plant with SMA central inverters
2 x 250 kVA SMA battery inverters
Local grid powered with 5 MVA hydro and
6 MVA diesel gensets
Saves ~ 200 000 L of diesel p.a. and 483
tons of CO2 emissions
4 Why SMA?
Source: SMA project example
SMA Solar Technology AG
307 kWp PV system
Sunny Tower solution
5 CAT gensets available
Only 3h per day of grid availability
6 000 USD savings in first 3 months
of operation
Operated in highly unstable seismic
zone 3D
40
Project example: Hybrid system for US-Embassy in Bujumbura (Burundi)
4 Why SMA?
Source: SMA project example
SMA Solar Technology AG
SMA has been awarded repeatedly for its innovative strength
41
Photon inverter test
”sehr gut +” for
Sunny Tripower 20000TL-HE
INTERSOLAR Award 2010
for Sunny Central 800CP
Best Innovator Award
2010/2011
8 Continued technological innovation is one of the main drivers of our success.
Source: SMA analysis
4 Why SMA?
SMA Solar Technology AG 42
Thank you for your attention!
Jörg Fischmann Sales Manager for Indonesia and Malaysia
Joerg. [email protected] Mobile+4915116820720