Working principlesof pumps
History of Reciprocating pumps
In 17th century Egyptians in Alexandria built reciprocating fire pump and and it had all the parts of todays pump.About 1805 Newcomen (Great Britain) built a reciprocating pump using steam engine as the driver.He was the first man to use seam for driving purposes.
In 1840-50 Worthington (U.S.A) developed a steam engine driven pump.Then many developments came.
History of Centrifugal pumps pumps
The inventor ca not be name with assurance.In the 17th century Jordan, an Italian had made some drawing of a centrifugal pumps.In the early 18 century French physicist Papin built a centrifugal pump of primitive design.In 1732 Demouir pumps was put on service in France,In 1818 Andrews ( USA) built a single stage centrifugal pump.Then many developments came in the industry...
History of best pump
Human heart. Everybody knows Who invented.
100 Bar
200meters
M
Pumps are used to move liquids from a lower pressure system to higher pressure From a lower elevation to higher elevationFrom one place to another place at different/same elevation and pressure.
10 kms
100 Bar
10 kms
200meters
M
Pumps add pressure energy to over come
elevation needs ( potential energy)
Frictional losses
Delta pressure requirements
Energy needed for pumps= volumetric flow*pressure
Pow
er r
equi
red
for
pum
ping
Power = mass X dynamic head
Power ( kW)= H Q
H = Total head in meters Q=Flow M3/H
Density ing
Power ( kW)= H Q
H = Total head in barA Q= Flow M3/H
Density ing
Please refer Perry
Pleased divide by efficiency for actual power
How to give energy ?
Centrifugal force
(throwing)
Positive displacement
(physically pushing)
Centrifugal pumps
Working principles centrifugal pumps
Parts of a centrifugal pump
1. Impeller
2. Casing
3. Eye
4. Seal/packing
5. Wear ring
Adv
anta
ges
of c
entr
ifuga
l pum
ps
1. It simple and easy to construct. Available in different materials .
2. Absence of valves. Less maintenance.
3. High rpm design. Can be coupled to a motor directly.
4. Steady delivery.
5. No damage in delivery is blocked.
6. Smaller in Size when compared to reciprocating type for the same capacity.
7. Can handle slurries.
Dis
-Adv
anta
ges
of c
entr
ifuga
l pum
ps
1. For high pressure we need multistage pump which are complex to construct.
2. Efficiency is high only over a range.( explain graph)
3. Usually not self priming
4. Non return valve is needed in the delivery to avoid back flow.
5. Very viscous fluid can not be handled/
Types centrifugal pumps
Typical classification
Single stage
Multistage
Explain why and how
Sing
le s
tage
Mul
ti s
tage
Multistage pumps are used to limit rpm and whenever we have high DP. Example BFW pumps.
Thrust balance centrifugal pumps
1. Double suction pumps
2. Thrust balance in multistage pumps
Stage arrangement
3. Thrust balance line and thrust disk and bearing
Double suction pumps
Sea water
Double suction pumps 323-J UREA
Multistage pumps
Thrust balance in a multi-stage pump
Multistage BFW Pump Ammonia
Multistage pumps
Thrust balance in a multi-stage pumpExplain the principle of balance disc
Thrust balance line and caution
In Out
Multistage pump
Explain thrust balance
Positive displacement pumps
Positive displacement pumps
Reciprocating
Rotary
Reciprocating Pumps
Piston type Vertical& Horizontal & double acting
Plunger type
Diaphragm pump
Reciprocating pumps
Explain double acting, plunger type , vertical, horizontal,
multistage
Diaphragm pumps
Diaphragm pumps
Diaphragm Reciprocating pumps
Basic principle is similar to a reciprocating plunger pump/
Plunger pressurizes the hydraulic oil which when pressurized pushes the diaphragm and discharge starts.
Stroke length can be adjusted and hence the dosing flow rate.
No direct contact of plunger with the solution.
Direct contact is only with diaphragm ( neoprene, Teflon etc)
Dia
phra
gm R
ecip
roca
ting
pum
psFigure 1: The air valve directs pressurized air to the back side of diaphragm "A". The compressed air is applied directly to the liquid column separated by elastomeric diaphragms.
The compressed air moves the diaphragm away from the center block of the pump. The opposite diaphragm is pulled in by the shaft connected to the pressurized diaphragm. Diaphragm "B" is now on its air exhaust stroke; air behind the diaphragm has been forced out to atmosphere through the exhaust port of the pump. The movement of diaphragm "B" toward the center block of the pump creates a vacuum within the chamber "B". Atmospheric pressure forces fluid into the inlet manifold forcing the inlet ball off its seat. Liquid is free to move past the inlet valve ball and fill the liquid chamber.
Dia
phra
gm R
ecip
roca
ting
pum
psFigure 2: When the pressurized diaphragm, diaphragm"A", reaches the limit of its discharge stroke, the air valve redirects pressurized air to the back side of diaphragm "B". The pressurized air forces diaphragm "B" away from the center block while pulling diaphragm "A" to the center block. Diaphragm "B" forces the inlet valve ball onto its seat due to the hydraulic forces developed. These same hydraulic forces lift the discharge valve ball, forcing fluid flow to flow through the pump discharge. The movement of diaphragm "A" to the center block of the pump creates a vacuum within liquid chamber "A". Atmospheric pressure forces fluid into the inlet manifold of the pump. The inlet valve ball is forced off its seat allowing the fluid being transferred to fill the liquid chamber.
Diaphragm Reciprocating pumps
Figure 3: Upon completion of the stroke, the air valve again redirects air to the back side of diaphragm "A", and
starts diaphragm "B" on its air exhaust stroke. As the pump reaches its original starting point, each diaphragm
has gone through one air exhaust or one fluid discharge stroke. This
constitutes one complete pumping cycle. The pump may take several
cycles to become completely primed depending on the conditions of the
application.
Gear and screw pumps
High pressure and viscous fluids
Used in Samd for lube and seal oil pumps air booster of ammonia, 102-J
Gear pumps
High pressure and viscous fluids
Example : lube/ seal oil pumps
See the solution is pushed out of the pump physically
Only one gear is used ( Explain)
Screw pumpsHigh pressure and viscous fluids
Example : lube/ seal oil pumps
SCREW PUMP
Talk about selection, parallel operation, reverse running etc.
SCREW PUMP
SCREW PUMP
Talk about selection, parallel operation, reverse running etc.
SCREW PUMP
Talk about selection, parallel operation, reverse running etc.
Sealing in pumps
Sealing in pumps
Fixed sealing Packing
Centrifugal and reciprocating
Rotating Mechanical seal
Centrifugal, gear pumps etc
Gland Packing
Impe
ller
Stuffing boxG
land
pac
king
prin
cipl
es
Explain packing stuffing box , heat generation and cooling techniques. , Lantern rings ,flushing ,Cost and choice etc.
Pack
ing
Explain packing stuffing box , heat generation and cooling techniques. , Lantern rings ,flushing ,Cost and choice etc.
Pack
ing
Mechanical seal
Impe
ller
1
2
3
FixedRotating
Three sealing points of a mechanical seal ( 1,2, and 3)
Stuffing box
Mechanical seals
Mechanical seals
Mechanical seals
Explain working , heat generation and cooling techniques, flushing ,Cost and choice etc.
Mechanical seals
Seal types
Mechanical seals
Mechanical seals
Dou
ble
seal
s H
azar
dous
liqu
ids
Explain need, sealant glycol, flushing etc.
Special Magnetic seals for hazardous/ expensive / corrosive fluids
Submersible pumps
Self-priming as they are inside the liquid.Lube oil consoles , sump tanks, hazardous solution pumping etc.
End of part 1
Working principles of pumpsSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Slide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Slide 60