Protecting Infrastructure:The Role of Standards
John HooperDirector of Earthquake EngineeringMagnusson Klemencic Associates
John HooperDirector of Earthquake EngineeringMagnusson Klemencic Associates
Haiti—January 12, 2010 Over 220,000
casualties
Over 300,000 homes damage/destroyed
Over 1.5 M people affected
No Codes or Standards
MW 7.0
MW 8.8
Chile—February 27, 2010 Under 500 casualties
Estimated damage: $30B US
Building Codes and Standards similar to US
Performance of Chilean Buildings Post 1985
Buildings that collapsed: 4 (approximately) Buildings to be demolished: 50 (estimated) Number of buildings 9+ stories: 1,939 Failures of 9+ stories: 2.8%
Christchurch—February 22, 2011 181 deaths Estimate damage: $16B Aftershock intensity
exceeded the initial earthquake
Modern building codes and standards
MW 6.3
Grand Chancellor- Reinforced concrete- 19 stories- mid-1980s- Core wall (up to 7th story)- Perimeter frame (above 7th story)
Courtesy of Dr. Ken Elwood and EERI
Building Seismic Performance Matrix
Frequent Earthquakes
(25-50 years)
Design Earthquake
(300-600 years)
MaximumConsidered Earthquake
(1000-2500 years)
Gro
un
d M
oti
on
Levels
Building Seismic Performance Matrix
Building Performance Levels
Operational Immediate Occupancy
Life Safe
Collapse Prevention
Frequent Earthquakes
(25-50 years)
Design Earthquake
(300-600 years)
MaximumConsidered Earthquake
(1000-2500 years)
Gro
un
d M
oti
on
Levels
Building Seismic Performance Matrix
Building Performance Levels
Operational Immediate Occupancy
Life Safe
Collapse Prevention
Frequent Earthquakes
(25-50 years)
Design Earthquake
(300-600 years)
MaximumConsidered Earthquake
(1000-2500 years)
Gro
un
d M
oti
on
Levels New Buildings/Basic Retrofit Objective
Building Seismic Performance Matrix
Building Performance Levels
Operational Immediate Occupancy
Life Safe
Collapse Prevention
Frequent Earthquakes
(25-50 years)
Design Earthquake
(300-600 years)
MaximumConsidered Earthquake
(1000-2500 years)
Gro
un
d M
oti
on
Levels New Essential Facilities/Enhanced Retrofit Objective
New Buildings/Basic Retrofit Objective
Other Infrastructure Codes & Standards
Bridges Life safe performance, on par with buildings
Lifelines (water, sewer, gas, power, etc.) No consistent, national standards Performance will be inconsistent