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Application layer
Link layer
Physical layer
What is Profibus DP
Profibus DP description
To summarize
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Application layer
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Physical layer
What is Profibus DP
What is Profibus DP
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PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007
Profibus = PROcess FIeld BUS
Initialized in 1987 by the German Ministry for Research and TechnologicalDevelopment.
Now managedby an association of PROFIBUS :
- Manufacturers, Users and research institutions
- More than 1100 menbers worldwide (Profibus International)
Conforms to standard EN 50 170
History
Profibus International Organization :
www.profibus.com
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Profibus versions
ProfiNet : PROFIBUS on Ethernet/TCP-IP
Sensor
level
Machine
level
Wo
rkshop
lev
el
Manag
ement
level
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PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007
Field buslevel to connect Distributed Peripherals
I/O modules
Speed drive unit
Valves
Operator terminal,
Profibus DP
Data exchange transmission types Cyclicallydata exchange : Process Data
Aperiodicalydata exchange : Parameters, Alarms and Diagnostic
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PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007
APPLICATION
LAYER7
PRESENTATION
LAYER6
1
SESSION
LAYER5
TRANSPORT
LAYER4
Profibus DP OSI model
NETWORK
LAYER3
2
PHYSICAL
LAYER
LINK
LAYER
DP functions Data exchanges, Diagnostic,
Application ProfilesRemote I/O, Speed drive,
encoder,
RS485 or Fiber optic
Multi-Masters and Master/Slaves
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Physical layer
What is Profibus DP
Physical layer
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PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007
Transmission technologies
The technologies
RS 485 (2 wires) : Universal applications
Fiber optical (multimode/singlemode) : EMC immunity and longer distances
IEC 61 158-2 (4 wires) : Process applications
RS 485 Intrinsically Safe (4 wires) : Process application in explosive areas
RS485 is the transmission technology most
frequently used by Profibus-DP.
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PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007
Profibus nodes addressing
Each node must have its own & unique address
Address range : 1 to 125
Address 126 : reserved for address assignment via the bus
Address 127 : reserved for broadcast and multicast communication
Address 1
PLC
Remote I/ODrive Remote I/O
Address 4Address 8
Address 3
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PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007
Line Topology for RS485
Bit-rate : 9,6 Kbits/s to 12 Mbits/s
125 devices max. in a fieldbus with 32 devices max. per segment
The length of a segment depends on the bit-rate
Each segment forms a line with a termination resistor at the
beginning and at the end
Device 1
Device 3
Device 4
32 max.
Bus termination
Bus terminationDevice 2
.
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PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007
Cable specification
Cable types are available for
Fixed Installation
Underground Installation
Trailing Chain
Cable ASchneider reference :
TSX PBS CA100 (100m) or TSX PBS CA400 (400m)
Parameter Cable Type A (fixed installation)
Cable design two-wire, twisted pair
Loop impedance < 110 W per km
Impedance (nominal) 135 165 W @ f = 3 20 Mhz
Wire diameter > 0.64 mm
Wire cross section > 0.34 mm
Operating capacity 30 pF / m
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Segment length
Bit rate 9.6 Kb/s 187.5 Kb/s 500 Kb/s 1,5 Mb/s 3 Mb/s
19.2 Kb/s 6 Mb/s
93.75 Kb/s 12 Mb/s
Length (cable type A) 1200 m 1000 m 400 m 200 m 100 m
The length of a network can be enlarged by the use of repeaters
The max. number of repeaters between a master and a node is
depending from the type of the repeater and is can vary between
3 and 9.
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PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007
Repeaters usingNote :Repeaters do not have
bus addresses but do count as
device (bus load) in a segment!
A segment consists of up to 32 bus loads
The beginning and the end of a bus/segment must be terminated
(termination resistors)
The termination resistors must always be supplied with voltage
Device 1
Device 3
Repeater
Bus termination
Bus terminationDevice 2
Device 31
Device 32
Repeater
Device 60Bus termination
Device 61
The repeater(s) allows to increase the length
of the bus or/and the devices number
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Bus termination
VP* (6)
B (3)
A (8)
DGnd* (5)
VP* (6)
B (3)
A (8)
DGnd* (5)
390 W
220 W
390 W
390 W
220 W
390 W
A (8) B (3)
Device 2
A (8) B (3)
Station 3
Data line A
Data line B
Device 3
* Each device must provide the power supply for the termination resistor (VP=5 VDC)
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D-SUB connector
9 pin DSUB male connectors recommended for IP20
The socket (female) is on the device
Schneider offer :-490 NAD 911 03 : with termination resistor
-490 NAD 911 04 : without termination resistor
-490 NAD 911 05 : with selection of termination resistorInput Bus Output Bus
Station 3
Pin Signal Description
1 Shield Shield/Protective earth
2 M24 ground for 24V output voltage
3 RxD/TxD-P * Transmit-/Receive data positive (B line), color = red
4 CNTR-P Repeater control signal positive
5 DGND * Data Ground
6 VP * Supply voltage for the termination resistors (5V)
7 P24 Output voltage positive 24V8 RxD/TxD-N * Transmit-/Receive data negative (B line), color = green
9 CNTR-N Repeater control signal negative
* Every device must provide the mandatory signals
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Application layer
Link layer
Physical layer
What is Profibus DP
Link layer
To summarize
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PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007
Hybrid access method
PROFIBUS uses a hybridaccess method
Active stations communication is based on the token ring concept.
Passive stations (slaves) uses the master-slave concept.
Active stations = master devices
Passive stations = slaves devices
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Hybrid access method
It is a special telegram master which must be passed around thelogical token ring once to all masters within a (configurable) maximumtoken rotation time.
Token ring
It ensures that the bus access right is assigned to each master within a
precisely defined timeframe.
Master Slave conceptIt permits the master which currently owns the token to access the
assigned slaves (passive devices) and to other masters.
The transmit message send to the slaves and it answer is called PPO (Parameter Process Object).
Note :The Profibus DP module for Premium PLC doesnt support the muti-Master mode
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Frame security mechanisms
Data frame structure example
Start
DelimiterLength
Destination
address.
User Data
(max. 244 bytes)
Frame check
sequence
End
delimiter
Security mechanisms
-Start delimiter and End delimiter
-Parity bit
-Slip-free synchronisation
-Frame Sequence Check (CRC)
-Distance hamming = 4
Note :Profibus DP device can transfert up 244 bytes of input and output data.
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Application layer
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Communication profiles
DP Master class 1 (DPM1)
Central devices which exchanges I/O data with remote field devices
cyclically. Typical devices are PLCs and PCs
DP Master class 2 (DPM2)
Tools using acyclically communication functions for parameter setting,
diagnostic functions or monitoring. Typical devices are engeneering tolls.
DP Slave
Peripheral device performing cyclical exchanges with "its" active
station.
F i li f h P fib DP
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Functionnality of the Profibus DP
Basic functions : DP-V0
Cyclic Data Exchange between PLC and Slave devices
Diagnostic functions : diagnostic message are transmitted over the bus
and collected by the master
Bus configuration via device electronic file (GSD file)
Extended functions : DP-V1
All functions DP-V0 and,
Acyclic Data Exchange between PC or PLC and Slave devices :
-Parameter assignment,
-Alarm and status handling of intelligent devices
C li l d t h
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When the master sends a request 2 types of exchanges are
included in the cyclical frame
Cyclical exchanges :I/O data
A periodic exchanges :Set up parameters, configuration, diagnostics
Cyclical data exchanges
Aperiodic exchanges are included in the cyclical frames.
When the master receives an answer from the slave, the same
process occurs (2 types of exchanges are included in return)
Cyclical exchanges :I/O data
A periodic exchanges :Parameters monitoring, diagnostics
C li l d t h
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- Periodic exchanges are always used and refreshed (device control & monitoring)
- Aperiodic exchanges are used where necessary
BUT : all words are exchanged cyclically
Cyclical data exchanges
Master sends a cyclical request to slave
PZD
1st word
PKE
PWE
PZD1
PZD2
PZD3
PZDn
last word
aperiodicexchange
periodicexchange
PKW
Output Data
Master receives a cyclical response from slave
1st word
last word
PZD
PKE
PWE
PZD1
PZD2
PZD3
PZDn
aperiodicexchange
periodicexchange
PKW
Input Data
PKW(Parameter - Kennung - Wert): Logical address value
PKE(Parameter - Kennung) : Logical address
PWE(Parameter - Wert): Value of parameter with address in PKE
PZD(Prozedaten) : Process data
A i di h PKW i
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PKE output :
Bits 0 to E : Modbus address of the variableBit F : = 0 Single write or read
= 1 Permanent write or read
R/W output :
= 16#0052 Read
= 16#0057 Write
PWE output :
= If write : Value to be written
PKE input :
Copies of output PKE value
R/W/N input :
= 16#0052 Correct read
= 16#0057 Correct write
= 16#004E Write or read error
PWE input :
If correct read value of the variable
If correct write value of output PWE
If error = 0 : incorrect address
= 1 : write operation refused
Aperiodic exchanges - PKW using
PKW Description
Word 1 PKE output
Word 2 R/W output
Word 3 0
Word 4 PWE output
Output Data
PKW Description
Word 1 PKE input
Word 2 R/W/N input
Word 3 0
Word 4 PWE input
Input Data
Application profile
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PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007
Profibus provides some profiles depending of the application to define
an interoperability between similar devices for different vendors.
Application profile
Profile examples
PROFIdrive (Speed drive device)
It specifies the behavior of devices and the access procedure to data for variablespeed drives.
Low-voltage switchgear
It defines data exchange for low-switchgear (motor staters, switch-disconnectors,etc.) on Profibus DP.
Encoders
It describes the interfacing of rotary, angle and linear encoders with single-turn ormulti-turn resolution.
Panel devices (HMI)
It describes the interfacing of simple human machine interface devices (HMI) tohigher-level automation components.
ATV71
TeSys U TeSys T
GSD files
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GSD files
It is readable ASCII text file and contains both general and device-specific specifications supported by the device.
Configuration tool allows :
-Reads the device identification, the adjustable parameters, the data type and
the permitted values for the configuration of the device.
It is provided by the manufacturer for all Profibus devices.
Structure of the GSD file
General specifications
-Contain information on vendor and device names, Hardware & software versions,
supported transmission rates
Master specifications
-Contain all master related parameters, such as: the maximum slaves number that
can be connected, or upload and download options.
Slaves specifications
-Contain all slave related specifications such as: the number and type of I/O channels,
diagnostic texts & information on the available modules in the modular devices case.
Performances typical mono Master system
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The transmission speedmust be fixedin accordancewith :
- The stations capabilities
- The bus length
Performances - typical mono Master system
2
6
10
14
18
5 10 20 30
Bus cycle time [ms]
DP Slaves
Conditions: Each slave has 2 byte input and 2 byte output data.
The minimum slave interval is 200 micro seconds.
The standard default bus parameters are set.
To summarize
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Application layer
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What is Profibus DP
To summarize
To summarize
To summarize Physical layer
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Topology: Bus with line terminations
Maximum length: Depends on the medium & the data rate
Min.: 100 m for 12 Mbits/s without repeater
Max.: 4800 m for 9.6 kbits/s with 3 repeaters
Data rate: 9,6 Kbits/s to 12 Mbits/s
Max. no. of devices: 32 per segment
125 with repeaters
To summarize - Physical layer
To summarize - Link and Application layer
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Medium access: Token ring between masters
Master slave between master & slaves
Transmission security: Frame Sequence CheckStart & stop delimitersParity bitSlip-free synchronization
Application
level
Data exchanges: Process Data : cyclicallyParameters, diagnostic : aperiodically
Max. useful data size: 244 bytes of PPO for each device
Interoperability: Products certified by Profibus
organization
Interchangeability: Communication & application profiles
To summarize - Link and Application layer
Link
level