Prof.dr.ing. Carmen TEODOSIUDepartment of Environmental Engineering and Management
“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Romania
e-mail: [email protected]
iWATERMAP Project- 3rdTransnational Meeting, Iasi, 25- 26 June 2019
OUTLINE
The water use cycle – research & innovation challenges
From research to pilot scale processes: the experience of 2 complex
research projects (WATUSER and SUSTENVPRO)
Sustainability assessments of the water & wastewater systems
Life cycle assessment
Environmental impact quantification index
Grey water footprint
Conclusions
Abstraction
Treatment
Distribution
Use
Wastewater
collection
Wastewater
treatment
Discharge to
surface water
I. THE WATER USE CYCLE: RESEARCH & INNOVATION CHALLENGES
Decisions
NATURAL SYSTEM ANTROPOGENIC SYSTEM
Water impacts
Health Risks
Information
Water manag.
authority
Water companies
Other Stakeholders
Water users
Policy and regulation
Information / Decisions
Technology
Hot spot / Challenges
Natural system Complexity & variability IWRM Complexity
1. INTEGRATION PERSPECTIVES
Water cycle- natural and human-related (Complexity of water systems at all scales)
Multi- and interdisciplinarity
Integration of policies and practices at the level of stakeholders, national and
international organisations (river basin oriented)
Integration with other resources management practices (energy, material resources,
etc.) and organisational management systems (ISO standards)
Integrated system design and adaptive water management - continuous
improvement
4
Teodosiu C., (2007), Challenges for Integrated Water Resources Management in Romania, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, vol. 6 (5), p. 363 – 375,
2. WATER USES - ASSOCIATED IMPACTS AND RISKS
Water resource type
Surface waters
Groundwaters
Sea water Coastal zones
Consumption:HouseholdsIndustrial
Agriculture
Impacts and risks
Energy production
Transport
Recreation
Food production
Quantitative water
depletion
Water Quality Deterioration
Ecosystem modifications
(structural)
Human Health Risks
Environmen-tal impacts and risks
Water resource type
USE TYPE IMPACTS AND RISKSWATER RESOURCE TYPE
USE TYPE
Challenge: How to minimize impacts and risks and to use the water resources in a sustainable way?
Water Resources Management Authority
Environmental Protection Agencies
Water Services Suppliers (water supply,
wastewater treatment)
Users:
Municipalities
Industry
Agriculture
Services
NGO’s & other local groups
Universities and Research Institutions
Issues:
Different Interests
Different Objectives
Different Capabilities & Skills
Different legal requirements
Different Backgrounds
(disciplines)
Different Informational needs
Communication and cooperation
difficulties
3. STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION
Challenge: How to create a common language and effective cooperation for specialists in:
• Hydrology, Hydrogeology,
• Chemistry, Hydrobiology, Ecology
• Civil engineering
• Resource management
• Environmental Engineering
• Climatology
• Economics, Sociology, etc.
Teodosiu C*., Barjoveanu G., Vinke-de Kruijf J., (2013), Public Participation in Water Resources Management in Romania: Issues, Expectations and Actual Involvement, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, vol.12, no.5, p. 1051-1063
4. SUSTAINABILITY INSTRUMENTS
Analytic
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
• Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA)
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
• Material Flow Analysis (MFA, waterfootprinting)
• Modeling, optimization, simulation
• Scenario analysis
Technical / technological
• Eco-efficiency
• Eco-Design
• Dematerialization
• Monitoring
• Advanced water and wastewater treatment
• Waste treatment
•Reforestation
•Structural changes
(room for the river)
Management / Procedures
• Environmental Management systems
• Eco-design
•Supply chainmanagement
• Corporate Social responsibility (CSR)
• Extended Producer Responsibility EPR)
Information, Communication &
Education
• Continuous education
programs
• Public information &
consulting,
•Awareness raising
campaigns
• Cooperation projects
• GIS systems
Legal requirements Economic instruments
• Compliance limits • Interdictions •Performance, Environmental and Technical Standards
• Pollution taxes• Water allocation quotas • Products and Use taxes• Tax differentiation• Subsidies
•Grants , loans• Structural funding•Environmental funds• Free crediting• Green Banking
Financial Mechanisms
•Pollution and exploitation permits trade•Consumer rights• Eco-labelling• Environmentalreporting & EPR
Marketing / PR
Challenge: How to effectively integrate these instruments in the water use cycle practices ?
Teodosiu C*., Robu B, Cojocariu C., Barjoveanu, G., 2013, Environmental impact and risk quantification based on selected water quality indicators, Natural Hazards, 75 (S1), 89-105, DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0637-7
5. EMERGING & PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
• EU Initiatives and Legislation:
• Decision no. 2455/2001/EC
• Directive 2008/105/EC
• Directive 2013 / 39/ EU
• 56 priority substances (organics & heavymetals)
• Environmental (& biota) quality standards
• 10 substances on the Watchlist
• USEPA
• 126 priority pollutants
norman-network.net : reference laboratories, research
centres and related organisations for the monitoring and biomonitoring of emerging environmental substances
Emerging pollutants = substances that have been detected in the environment, but which are currently not included in routine monitoring programmes at EU level and whose fate, behaviour and (eco)toxicological effects are not well understood.
More than 1200 substances (February 2019)
Emerging pollutants Priority pollutants
Teodosiu C.*, Gilca F.A., Barjoveanu G*., Fiore S*. 2018. Emerging pollutants removal through advanced drinking water treatment: A review on processes and environmental performances assessment, Journal of Cleaner Production vol. 197 Part 1, pp. 1210-1221
Priority pollutants/ Micropollutants
• High toxicity, carcinogenic andmutagenic effects
• Low concentrations (ppm, ppb)
detection difficulties, complex analyticprocedures
• Metabolics and pathways along foodchains are not completely elucidated
• Persistence in the environment and biota
• Bioaccumulation and bioaugmentationpotential along food chains
• Type of compounds: organic and inorganic (heavy metals)
Numerous definitions & classifications
Major research topics: Identification of compounds
(watchlists) Identification and quantification of
acute and long-term effects Characterization of environmental
pathways and fate Characterization of fate in technical
systems (i.e. WTTP) Development of efficient removal
technologies
9Jitar O., Teodosiu C.*, Oros A., Plavan G., Nicoara M., (2015), Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in marine organisms from the Romanian sector of the Black Sea, New Biotechnology, Vol. 32, No.3, p.369-378, DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.11.004
Water Quality
Abstraction
Treatment
Distribution
Use
Wastewater
collection
Wastewater
treatment
Discharge to
surface water
Research Challenges in the Water Use CycleNATURAL
SYSTEM
Water impacts
Health Risks
Technology input
Research Challenges• Water availability and resilience• Monitoring & Removal of Emerging
Pollutants• Efficient treatment processes &
process optimization• Optimization of energy use in the
water use cycle• Advanced Wastewater Treatment for
recycling and reuse • Wastewater reuse• Nutrients recovery• Sludge treatment and recovery
WASTE RESOURCE
Circular Economy
Teodosiu C. et al. (2012). Sustainability in the Water Use Cycle, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, vol. 11, no. 11,p. 1987-2000
11
• Increasing energy requirements • Increasing costs
Wastewater Engineering Challenges:- Priority pollutants removal by :
- Pollutant destruction (reaction intermediaries)
- Pollutant separation (pollution transfer)
- Energy & Reagents consumption- Process modeling, optimization &
automation- Process scale-up- Material recovery (nutrients)- Energy recovery- Wastewater recycling /reuse
Conventional and advanced wastewater treatment processes
• Improved wastewater quality
• Improved removal efficiencies
Cailean D., Teodosiu C*., Ungureanu F., (2013), Engineering challenges in advanced wastewater treatment, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, vol.12, no.8., p. 1541-1551,
II. From research to pilot scale systems: WATUSER project
Coordinator:“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi
Project Director: Prof.dr.ing. Carmen Teodosiu
Partner 1: Politehnica University of Timişoara
Partner group leader: Prof.dr.ing. Florica Manea
Partner 2: SC AQUATIM SA Timişoara
Partner group leader: General Manager, Dr.ing. Ilie Vlaicu
Partner 3: SC APAVITAL SA Iaşi
Partner group leader: Dr.ing. Dan Popovici
12
“INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN – RELATED IMPACTS AND RISKS IN THE WATER USE CYCLE”, 2012- 2016
PN II Collaborative Research Project, contract 60/2012, Value: 700000 Euro
WATUSER project objectives and research directions
Development and implementation of an integrated system of innovative technologies and management instruments for reducing environmental impacts and associated human health risks caused by water quality issues over the whole water use cycle
Innovative Technologies • Water Treatment
(nitrites, nitrates, NOM)
• Wastewater treatment (Priority organic pollutants)
Management instruments ( identification and quantification)
• Environmental Impacts& Risks
• LCA, GWF
• Human Health Risks
Research Directions
Pilot scale applications
WATUSER- Project concept and activities
Water Use Cycle Impacts and Risks Assessement
Technological development
Water SupplyAbstractionTreatment
Distribution
Water Use
Wastewater Management:
CollectionTreatment
Discharge (reuse)
Human Health RisksContaminants
Microorganisms, (Toxic) inorganic and
organic pollutants
Environmental Impactsand Risks:
Insufficiently treated wastewater discharge
Advanced Water Treatment
Technologies
Advanced Wastewater Treatment
Technologies
Integrated Monitoring System
Integrated environmental impact and risk
assessment
Human health risks assessment
Grey water footprint
Life cycle assessment
System evaluation
LCA,WF, EIQ,
HHRA Pilot system foradvanced
wastewater treatment
(Iasi)
Pilot system for advanced
water treatment
(Timisoara)
WATUSER PROJECT PILOT SCALE PHASE (2015- 2016)
Parameter Value
Membrane Surface, 0.9 m2
Maximum Permeate Flux, 45 L/m2*h
Average permeate flux
(netto)
37.5 L/m2*h
Membrane Productivity 82.92%
Continuous filtration time 55 minutes
Permeated Backwash time 45 sec
Backwash Flux 230 L/m2*h
Design flow 180 L/h
Average inlet flow 170 L/h
Average permeate flow 150 L/h
Average backwash flow 10 L/h
Average chemical cleaning
flow
10 L/h
Total cleaning flow Avg.20 L/h
Utrafiltration Pilot System at APAVITAL SA Iasi
“INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE PROCESSES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CLEAN-UP,
WASTEWATER REUSE AND WASTE VALORIZATION” – SUSTENVPRO, 2018-2020
Complex project realized in research, development & innovation consortia; Contract no. 26PCCDI/2018
Value: 5.287.500 Lei (1,125,000 Euro)
From research to pilot scale systems: SUSTENVPRO project
Coordinator: Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi
Project Director: Prof.dr.ing. Carmen TEODOSIU
Partner 1: ”Politehnica” University of Bucharest
Responsible: Prof.dr.ing. Cristian PREDESCU
Partner 2: ”Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Iaşi
Responsible: Dr. Habil., CS II Mihai Marcela
Partner 3: ”Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi
Responsible: Prof. univ.dr. habil. biol. Mircea NICOARA
Partner 4- ”Politehnica” University of Timisoara
Responsible: Prof. univ.habil.dr.ing. Florica Manea
Partner 5 - National Research and Development Institute for Environmental Protection Bucharest
Responsible: Dr. CS I Deak GYORGY
North - East
Region
West Region
București-Ilfov
Region
București-Ilfov
Region
North - East
Region
North - East
Region
SUSTENVPRO project objectives and research directions
Project objective:
Increase of institutional performance in the Environmental field of a consortium of 5 public research
organisations with tradition/recognised research performances and 1 R&D institute under
consolidation, through an integrative approach which supports/develops the existent research
competencies and transfer capacities of results with applicative and innovative potential.
Research directions:
1. Complex evaluations of priority pollutants present in various water matrixes and risk identification on theecosystems and human health
2. Water treatment processes optimization and development of innovative materials for the prioritypollutants removal
3. Valorisation of biomass resources for the development of innovative processes for wastewatertreatment and priority pollutants removal
4. Metallic waste valorisation for innovative wastewater treatment process development and removal ofpriority pollutants
5. Sustainability assessments of water/ wastewater treatment and waste valorization processes based onlife cycle assessment
SUSTENVPRO
characteristics
Integration into Circular
Economy objectives(recycling, waste
recovery/valorisation)
Inter- and multi-
disciplinarity
Complementarity and
scientific and
institutional synergy (research infrastructures,
human resources)
Integration of research
topics, objectives and
scientific activities
Originality and
scientific novelty
Common approach of
new research directions,
innovation activities
Surface water
Water abstraction
Water treatment(drinking)
Water distribution/use
Wastewater collection
Wastewater discharge (recycling)
Innovative treatment processes
Development of innovative materials
Biomass valorisation
Metallic waste valorisation
Project 5
Project 1
• Priority pollutants monitoring
• Ecotoxicity studies
• Impact and risk assessment
• Update characterization
factors
Project 2
Project 4
Project 3
Wastewater treatment
Expected results and
impacts
Young& Senior
researchers
development
Strengthen of the
innovation capacity
Strengthen of the
research capacity
Strengthen of
institutional capacity
and sustainability
Intensifying inter-
institutional
cooperation and
development of viable
collaboration with
economic environment
Valorization/common
dissemination of
research /innovation
results
International visibility
SUSTENVPRO Project concept
Component Projects (research in partnership)
PC1: Complex evaluations of priority pollutants present in various water matrixes and
risk identification on the ecosystems and human health (TRL 1/ TRL 3)
PC2: Water treatment processes optimization and development of innovative materials
for the priority pollutants removal (TRL 2/ TRL 4)
PC3: Valorisation of biomass resources (Rapeseed waste) for development of
innovative wastewater treatment processes & priority pollutants removal (TRL 2/ TRL 4)
PC4: Metallic waste valorisation for innovative wastewater treatment process
development and priority pollutants removal (TRL 2/ TRL 5)
PC5: Sustainability assessments of water/ wastewater treatment and waste valorization
processes based on life cycle assessment (TRL 2/ TRL 3)
Laboratory for Analysis and Control of Environmental Factors - LACMED
• Founded in 2013 in TUIASI, coordinated by prof.dr.ing. Carmen Teodosiu
• Accredited by the Romanian Accreditation Association - RENAR, on 18.03.2015,
18.03.2019, Certificate no. LI 1054/2015 (www.renar.ro ; www.lacmed.ro)
• Servicies for analysis-consultancy- research:
Pollution prevention and control:
Monitoring, process analysis, wastewater treatment
Design/ upgrade/ modernization of wastwater treatment plants
Study of advanced wastewater treatment processes for wastewater recycling and reuse.
Environmental performance evaluation of processes, products and services:
Integrated assessment of environmental impacts and risks
Water and Carbon footprint assessment
Life cycle assessment
Website: www.lacmed.ro E-mail: [email protected]
III. SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENTS OF WATER & WASTEWATER SYSTEMS
Research challenges:
How to correlate monitoring strategies with actual emerging/priority pollutants concerns?
How to measure local environmental impacts and legal requirements of water systems?
How to correlate legal monitoring requirements with data needs for impact quantification methodologies (EIA, LCA)?
How to facilitate understanding of MWWTPs performance and environmental impacts by other stakeholders?
Human Health
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
22
Single Score
Ecosystem Quality ResourcesImpact classes
Life Cycle Inventory (indicators)
Life Cycle Processes (system limits, goals and scope)
Mid -point
End-point
identifies the materials, energy and waste flows of a product/process throughout its life cycle and their environmental impacts
WATER as a product
Impact categories depending on LCIA Method(10- 18 Impact categories)
23
LCA on Water services systems – Iasi Case Study
Abstraction
Treatment
Distribution
Use
Wastewater
collection
Wastewater
treatment
Discharge to
surface water
LCA on Water services systems – ResultsEnvironmental profile of the water
system in Iasi City
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
AD AC EU GWP ODP HT FET MET TE PO
Rela
tiv
e i
mp
act,
%
Impact categories
untreated wastewater
wastewater treatment
wastewater collection
water distribution
water treatment
water abstraction
Barjoveanu, G., Comandaru I-M, Rodriguez-Garcia, G. Hospido A, Teodosiu C.*, Evaluation of water services system through LCA. A case study for Iasi City, Romania, 2014, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19 (2) 449-462, 10.1007/s11367-013-0635-8
• Before-tap system : highest impacts (approx. 75%)
• Energy consumption = most important impact generator
• After-tap system: 25% of impacts, due to Eutrophication (EU)
• N, P discharge via wastewater contributes to Eutrophication
LCA on Water services systems –Results
25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AD AC EU GWP ODP HT FET MET TE PO
Rela
tiv
e i
mp
act,
%
Impact categories
2010 All scenarios
Iasi water services system environmental profile when considering improvement scenarios:
1. Water supply exploitation changes2. Decrease in Water distribution losses,3. Improvement of wastewater connectivity4. Improvement of wastewater treatment performance
Barjoveanu G., Comandaru I.M., Garcia G.R., Hospido A., Teodosiu C*., (2014), Evaluation of Water Services System Through LCA:A Case Study for Iasi City, Romania, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, February 2014, Volume 19, Issue 2, pp 449-462
Study Area Iasi MWWTP & Bahlui River – (WATUSER project)
Bahlui Basin Area: 5,469 km2
L – 119 km
Qriver = 2.99 m3/s
QWWTP = 2.34 m3/s
Teodosiu C.*, Barjoveanu G, Robu Sluser B-M, Popa S-A, Trofin O, 2016, Environmental assessment of municipal wastewater discharges: a comparative study of evaluation methods, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21 (3) 395-411, DOI: 10.1007/s11367-016-1029-5
Study Area: Iasi MWWTP & Bahlui River – (WATUSER project)
Nr Water Quality IndicatorNo.of
samples
Pollutant concentrations in:
WWTP
effluent, cdet
River spring
section, cspring
River (just
upstream
discharge point),
criv
Max. conc. in
effluent, cmax
(MAC)
Max. conc. Class
II river quality,
cmax ambient water
- mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
1 Total suspended solids 1138 14.82 56.48 19 35 -
2 COD 1138 37.13 20.134 31.00 125 25
3 Ammonia nitrogen (N-NH4+) 1135 0.32 0.068 1.62 2 0.8
4 Nitrite (NO2-) 265 0.68 0.040 0.196 1 0.1328
5 Nitrate (NO3-) 180 49.55 2.697 10.82 25 13.28
6 Phosphorous (P) 63 1.71 0.153 0.75 2 0.4
7 Phenolics (Phe) 39 0.04 0.012 0.024 0.3 0.005
8 Copper (Cu2+) 5 0.057 0.006 0.37 0.1 0.03
9 Zinc (Zn2+) 5 0.112 0.031 0.31 0.5 0.2
10 Chromium (Cr3++Cr6+) 5 0.00264 0.009 0.081 1 0.05
11Total ionic iron
(Fe2+ + Fe3+)50 0.45 2.028 0.36 5 0.5
12 Nickel (Ni2+) 5 0.004767 0.007 0.006 0.5 0.025
LCA Evaluation of Iasi MWWTP- ReCiPe method LCI : WW discharge + Sludge
management + electricity
LCIA : ReCiPe Method (midpoint)
Highest impacts:
Nutrients in Freshwater and Marine Eutrophication
Heavy metals in Freshwater and Marine Eco-Toxicity
LCIA results depends on data availability:
ReCiPe method does not account for COD (1138 samples/year), but accounts for individual organic pollutants (no data available)
0
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
Imp
act
Po
ints
(R
eCiP
e M
idp
oin
t (H
) V
1.12
/ E
uro
pe
Rec
ipe
H)
WW Discharge Sludge Management Electricity
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
CC
OZ
TA
F-E
u
M-E
u
HT
PO
F
PM
T
TE
T
FE
T
ME
T IR
AL
O
UL
O
NL
T
WD
MD
FD
Teodosiu C.*, Barjoveanu G, Robu Sluser B-M, Popa S-A, Trofin O, 2016, Environmental assessment of municipal wastewater discharges: a comparative study of evaluation methods, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21 (3) 395-411, DOI: 10.1007/s11367-016-1029-5
• Adapted for river basin applications
• Focuses on 1 environmental component: surface water
• Quantifies impacts considering local conditions :
• wastewater discharge
• receiving water body flow and pollutant concentrations
•Environmental impacts are calculated based on water quality indicators:
COD, TSS, NH+4, NO2
-, NO3-, Pt, phenolics, heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Fe)
Environmental impact quantification index
Teodosiu C*., Robu B, Cojocariu C., Barjoveanu, G., 201, Environmental impact and risk quantification based on selected water quality indicators, Natural Hazards, 75 (S1), 89-105, DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0637-7
Environmental impact quantification index
EIQ - environmental impact quantification index
(dimensionless);
cdet – measured concentration for indicators in the
MWWTP effluent (mg/L);
criv – measured concentration for indicators
upstream of the MWWTP discharge point (mg/L);
cref – reference concentrations of water quality
indicators considered as reference for EIQ
calculations. (a. river spring section- cspring) or b
(upstream of the MWWTP (cref=criv);
Qdet – the discharged municipal wastewater flow
(m3/s);
Qriv – the river flow (m3/s).
•
rivrefriv
rivriv
Q
Q
cQQ
QcQcEIQ det
det
detdet 1
)(
)()(
NATURAL SYSTEM
Discharge to
surface water
Cref = cspring
Contribution to total river basin impact
cref=criv
Individual impact contribution
EIQ- results and interpretation
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
EIQ
Impact category
Impacts compared to river spring section (natural background concs.)
Impacts compared to upstream of discharge
• All concentrations except for NO3
- are below MAC
• EIQ analysis shows problems related to nutrients (WWTP was not fitted with nutrient removal)
• Significant Heavy metal contribution compared only to natural state
Reference Impacts
Grey water footprint – instrument for WWTP impact assessment
det
_max_
det
max
Qcc
ccQ
cc
ccGWF
springwaterambient
riveffl
nat
acteffl
GWF = the grey water footprint (Mm3/month)
Ceffl=cdet – measured concentration of each of the water quality indicators in the MWWTP effluent (mg/L);
cact = criv - measured concentration of each of the water quality indicators upstream of the MWWTP discharge
point (mg/L);
cmax =cmax_ambient_water – concentration for ambient water quality standard which is the maximum allowed
concentration for a given river quality, (mg/L)
cnat = cspring – natural background concentration – concentration in the spring section of the river, mg/L;Qeffl=Qdet – wastewater flow, m3/month
max( )tot iGWF GWF
Dillution Factor
7.70.0
31.822.2 23.6
0.04.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Gre
y w
ater
fo
otp
rin
t, M
m3 /
mo
nth
GWF-MAC Actual GWF
Grey water footprint - results
2 scenarios:
Maximum allowed conc. (GWF-MAC)
Actual GWF
Results show that:
MAC scenario would greatly impact the local river conditions (NB: Qwwtp ≈ Qriv)
Actual impact << MAC impact
Some nutrient contribution compared to background conc. (still Class II river)
Teodosiu C.*, Barjoveanu G, Robu Sluser B-M, Popa S-A, Trofin O (2016), Environmental assessment of municipal wastewater discharges: a comparative study of evaluation methods, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21 (3) 395-411, DOI: 10.1007/s11367-016-1029-5
Conclusions (1)
Sustainable water use cycle faces complex challenges :
Natural System Complexity & variability better understanding of human impacts (emerging pollutants) and climate change (extreme events, water resources availability)
Technology Challenges:
• Removal of emerging/priority pollutants
• Engineering Challenges (optimization, transfer of pollution, energy costs)
• Process integration
• WWTPs - as a resource recovery facility
Management Challenges:• Develop and integrate management instruments • Integration of policies and practices at the level of stakeholders, national and international
organisations• Integration with other resources management practices (energy, material resources, etc.)
and organisational management systems (ISO standards)
Conclusions (2)
Sustainability in the water use cycle should rely on:
Integrating the actions of various stakeholders,
Developing and integrating an array of environmental technologies and management instruments :
Complying with stricter environmental targets& Ensuring wastewater recycling
Providing conditions for priority pollutants removal
Providing complete environmental assessment of processes /integrated processes
(Waste) water management has to consider specific local conditions (rivers quality) to meet new challenges
Research & Innovation collaboration and implementation
Dissemination and Public awareness
Thank you very much for your attention !
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
These studies were supported by:
• A grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNDI–
UEFISCDI, project no. 60/2012, “Integrated System for Reducing
Environmental and Human-related Impacts and Risks in the Water Use
Cycle” (WATUSER), within PNCDI II.
• A grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation, CCCDI-
UEFISCDI, project no. 26PCCDI/01.03.2018, “Integrated and sustainable
processes for environmental clean-up, wastewater reuse and waste
valorization” (SUSTENVPRO), within PNCDI III.
• The support of SC APAVITAL SA Iasi, the regional water operator is also
highly acknowledged.