Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Production of Large Area Picosecond Photo-Detectors
(LAPPDTM):
Status Update
Alexey Lyashenko
Incom Inc.
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI 2
Head office:294 Southbridge Rd,Charlton MA01507508-909-2200www.incomusa.com
Incom Inc.
LAPPD Manufacturing242 Sturbridge Rd,Charlton MA01507
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI 3
LAPPD development group:
• A. V. Lyashenko ([email protected]), B. W. Adams, M. Aviles, S. Butler, T. Cremer, C. D. Ertley, M. R. Foley, C. J. Hamel, M. J. Minot, M. A. Popecki, T. Rivera, M. E. Stochaj, Incom Inc, Charlton, MA
• A. U. Mane, J. W. Elam, Argonne National Laboratory
• O. H. W. Siegmund, University of California, Berkeley
• H. J. Frisch’s group (E. Angelico, A. Elagin, E. Spieglan), University of Chicago
• M. Wetstein’s group, Iowa State University
• R. Wagner, J. Xie, Argonne National Laboratory
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
TTS 0.1nS TTS 1.28nS
C. Aberle et al., JINST 9 (2014), arXiv:1307.5813
Benefits of fast timing
Neutrino: High vertex resolution in large scale experiments
Neutrino: More efficient background rejection
0bb decay: Directionality information
M. Sanchez, NUFACT2015
https://people.nscl.msu.edu/~witek/Classes/PHY802/betadecay2017a.pdf
M. Sanchez, NUFACT2015 Neutrino, rare decay : Precise track reconstruction
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HEP applications:Precise TOF & PID
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
LAPPD enabling technology: Incom MCPs
Al2O3
MgO
Gain >107
Dark count rate 0.03 Hz/cm2
Gain Uniformity in 203mm X 203mm MCP
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Glass capillary arrays functionalized in-house with ALD
MCPs Standard dimensions DIA33mm, SQ53mm, SQ60mm, SQ127mm, SQ200mm. Curved MCPs.
O. H. W. Siegmund et. al.,AMOS12
Gain map high res
O. H. W. Siegmund et. al., SPIE Proc. 10397
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI 6
Incom MCPs
MCPs are marketed as a separate product line. Standard dimensions DIA33mm, SQ53mm, SQ60mm, SQ127mm, SQ200mm. Curved MCPs.
O. H. W. Siegmund, AMOS12
O. H. W. Siegmund, AMOS12
O. H. W. Siegmund et. al., SPIE Proc. 10397
Launched Dec 2018
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI 7
LAPPD Basics
50Ω impedance
Typical Single PE Pulses
FWHM: 1.1 nsecRise time: 850 psec
Image CourtesyIowa State University, Matt Wetstein, ANNIE Program
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Baseline LAPPD features
Active area 92%
IncomMCPs
• Borosilicate Glass body• Borosilicate Glass window• 20um pore MCPs• QE >15% w/bi-alkali photocathode• Picosecond timing resolution: TTS<100pS• Gain >106
• Dark Noise <1kHz/cm2 @ 200V on PC• mm spatial resolution• No photocathode degradation
23mm
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Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Baseline LAPPD process is well established
<1KHz/cm2
79ps with 63ps FWHM laser pulses
50ps estimated
No degradation after 8 months
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107
Baseline LAPPD characteristics
PHD Gain
Transit Time Spread Dark rate
A. V. Lyashenko et. al., NIMA https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162834, https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.10399
200VLow TTS
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Baseline LAPPDs have no character
Predictable dark rate of few 100Hz/cm2 @ gain ~5*106 ensuring lowest TTSSeveral 100Hz/cm2 @ gain ~107
107 107
107
6*106 4*106
6*106
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI 11
Time Resolution
64 psec with 40pS FWHM laser pulses
Assuming σMeas2 = σLAPPD
2 + σLaserWidth2 the extracted TTS is ~50pS
Electronics Limited
60 psec with 20pS FWHM laser pulses
79 psec with 64pS FWHM laser pulses
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Spatial Resolution
DRS4 waveform samplers
Pulses observed at both ends of a strip.
Jitter in Δt for a fixed laser position
Along a Strip
Center of Mass of five adjacent strip signals
Across Strips
FWHM2.4mm
St. dev. from linear fit 0.75mm
Reconstructed positionvs laser position
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Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Development of Na2KSb photocathodes: Present Status
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• Focus on photocathode uniformity and process repeatability• >20% QE @ 365nm has been routinely achieved• Baseline process established
Mean QE28%
Mean QE23%
Mean QE24%
Mean QE29%
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
QE vs Wavelength
Borosilicate WindowFused Silica Window
High sensitivity in the UV has been demonstrated
PRELIMINARY
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI 15
Linearity
Good Linearity up to counting rate of ~500KHz/cm2
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI 16
LAPPD Pilot Production Status
• Baseline LAPPD has been defined
• 2020 Production Plan: 4 baseline LAPPDs + 2 Development LAPPDs a month → 72 starts a year
• Parallel operation of two Integration and Sealing systems
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI 17
20 μm pores 10 μm pores
20 μm pores
Conservative
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Goals:• Provide particle ID for all particles in the test-beam
facility as a permanent diagnostic tool• Factor of >100 improvement on present TOF
system• Fully characterize LAPPD sensitivity/resolution to
charged particles
Status: have measured ~1000s of charged particle events synchronized to beam spills with 2-LAPPDs, 120 channels of PSEC4 readout
LAPPD characterization in the July 2-6, 2019 Fermilab Test Beam
Acknowledging the support of the DOE, Office of HEP and Dr. Helmut Marsiske
A Collaboration between U of Chicago, FNAL, Incom Inc., and the ANNIE Program
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Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Background:Unprecedented luminosity for SoLID imposes new requirements on detector technology, trigger design and data acquisition.
Goals and objective:1. Investigate hit patterns for Cerenkov photons that
belong to good particle tracks.2. Understand how the MAPMTs and MCP-PMT/LAPPD
behave in a very high-rate environment. 3. Evaluate DAQ electronics in such environment.
Setup:1. LAPPD #41 – On Loan from Incom Inc. 2. Hall C “open” environment3. Particles: scattered electrons, photons, neutrons4. Radiator medium: CO2
5. Trigger: scintillator & calorimeter 6. DAQ: FADC
Preliminary Indications: Confirmed Cerenkov event with multiple adjacent striplinereadout (Nhit = 5 or 6)
JLABs Telescope Light Gas Cerenkov for SoLIDTeam: Dr. Junqi Xie, Dr. Zein-Eddine Meziani (ANL), Alexandre Camsonne, Mark Jones (JLABs), Dr.
Mark Popecki, Dr. Camden Ertley (Incom Inc)
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
GEN II LAPPD• A robust ceramic body• Capacitive signal coupling: to an external PCB anode• Pixelated anodes: to enable high fluence applications
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CapacitivelyCoupled Readout Board
Sealing process established, high QE demonstrated, Baseline GEN II process is being defined
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Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
High Resolution Imaging using GEN II LAPPD Capacitively Coupled to a Cross Delay Line Anode
200mm square cross delay line anode. X and Y delay lines are connected by through-hole-via to surface pads.
(Courtesy of UC Berkeley)
Preliminary high resolution image formed using a cross delay line
anode capacitively coupled to GEN II LAPPD #44.
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Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Development of New 10 cm × 10 cmHigh Rate Picosecond Photodetector (HRPPD)
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FeatureLarge Area Picosecond
Photodetector (LAPPDTM)
High Rate Picosecond
Photodetector (HRPPD)
Application Picosecond Time of Flight PET, TOF, UV Imaging
Detector Size 20 cm × 20 cm 10 cm × 10 cm
UHV Package
Design
X-Spacers window support ->
creates dead zones
X-Spacer free -> large effective
area
Window Fused Silica, B33 Glass UV Fused Silica, MgF2
λ Sensitivity 200 (300 for B33) - 600 nm 115 - 400 nm
Photocathode Bialkali UV optimized Bialkali
MCP Pore Size 20 µm & 10 µm 10 µm
MCP Stack B-Field Optimized B-Field Optimized
Anode
Direct readout of thick film
strips or capacitive readout with
application specific patterned
anode
High density pixelated anode
with direct or capacitive
readout
Lower Tile
Assembly
Side walls hermetically sealed
to anode
Side walls hermetically sealed
to anode
ConnectionsThrough Frit Seal -> 2 side
abuttable
Through anode -> 4 side
abuttable with minimum dead
space
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Current Gen-II 10 cm Detector Development
• Scaled down Gen-II LAPPD – no X-spacer– Smaller gap spacing– 10 or 20 µm pore MCPs
• Intended to develop fixturing compatible with sealing tanks and test chamber.
• Qualify the unsupported 10 cm window seal
• Oversized anode to improve connectivity and grounding
• Will test multi-size pixelated anode readout board (currently being designed).
HV Feedthroughs
Anode Feedthroughs
Ground Feedthroughs
Resistive Anode
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Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Current Gen-II 10 cm Detector Development
Anode Plate Anode Plate Fritted to Sidewall
First detector is expected to be sealed in 02/2019
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Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Early Adopters
• Opinion leaders able to influence the adoption of LAPPD for established or future technical programs.
• Incom will try to support any qualified early adopter’s that are committed to evaluate LAPPD.
– Participate in an Early Adopter Workshop
– Buy a Tile if you are budgeted to do so
– Use a Tile on short term loan if needed to prepare a grant application for funding to purchase a tile.
• Discussions underway to explore joining end user programs as a collaborator or sub-contractor rather than just a vendor.
• Revenue from the sale of tiles is used to off-set Incom’s non-reimbursed investment not covered by grants.
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Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
PI, Sponsor PROGRAM TITLE LAPPD Sales
Mayly Sanchez and Matthew Wetstein, Iowa State
ANNIE - Atmospheric Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment
4 sold, 1 on loan, 5-15 projected
Erik Brubaker, Sandia National Lab/CA Neutron Imaging Camera 1 sold
Henry Frisch, Evan Angelico (U of Chicago) , Sergey Nagaitsev, Petra Merkel (Fermilab)
Fermilab Testbeam Facility, IOTA (Integrable Optics test Accelerator), KOTO (Rare Decays)
1 GEN II sold, 3 on loan
Matthew Malek (U of Sheffield), Silvia Gambetta, Matthew Needham, Franz
Muheim (U of Edinburgh), WATCHMAN, UK STFC 2 pending sale (2020 delivery)
Gabriel D. Orebi Gann ( UC Berkeley) CHESS, WATCHMAN, THEIA 1 on loan
Zein-eddine Meziani (JLAB), Junqi Xie(ANL)
SoLID (CD0 mid-2020) 1 on loan, 10-30 projected
Andrey Elagin (U of Chicago) Neutrino-less Double-Beta Decay TBD
Sun Il Kwon, Simon Cherry, Stan Majewsky(UC Davis)
PET 1 on loan, 1 projected
Thomas Hemmick, Sanghwa Park (Stonybrook U), Mickey Chiu (BNL)
Phenix Project - “eIC Fast TOF” TBD
Bill Worstell (PicoRad Imaging) PET 1 projected
Marc-André Tétrault (Université de Sherbrooke – Quebec)
PET 1 projected
Yordaka Ilieva (JLAB) eRD14 EIC PID (CD0 Dec 2019) TBD
Lindley Winslow (MIT) Neutrino-less Double-Beta Decay (NuDot) TBD
Andrew Brandt, Varghese Anto Chirayath(UT Arlington)
Life Testing of LAPPD 1 GEN II on loan
Silvia Dalla Torre (INFN Trieste) Confidential/TBD TBD
LAPPDTM Early Adopter Programs
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Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
• One price for all buyers.
• Low volume (1-10 units) discounts.
• Encourages PIs to aggregate needs
within their organization, department,
or programs for tiles purchased,
invoiced, billed and delivered to the
same address.
• Provide visibility toward future high
volume pricing (hundreds of units, for
example).
• Full Manufacturing High Volume
Price Target = $10,000 / LAPPD.
• 50 LAPPDs → 1.75m2 active area →
$952,400/m2
• 100 LAPPDs → 3.5m2 active area →
$818,100/m2
# Sold Unit Price Sales
1 $ 50,000 $ 50,000
2 $ 47,044 $ 94,088
3 $ 43,440 $ 130,319
4 $ 41,461 $ 165,842
5 $ 40,111 $ 200,557
6 $ 39,095 $ 234,571
7 $ 38,284 $ 267,988
8 $ 37,611 $ 300,890
9 $ 37,038 $ 333,343
10 $ 36,540 $ 365,398
20 $ 36,100 $ 721,995
50 $ 33,334 $ 1,666,694
75 $ 30,000 $ 2,250,007
100 $ 28,633 $ 2,863,335
300 $ 27,702 $ 8,310,468
500 $ 24,414 $ 12,206,898
750 $ 23,021 $ 17,265,691
1000 $ 21,972 $ 21,972,132
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Baseline LAPPD Pricing: Available Now
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Summary & ConclusionsI. Baseline GEN I - defined and is being produced
A. Baseline GEN I LAPPD - Available Today! o Major artifacts has been resolved
o Life Testing is on-going
o Providing early adopters a means to explore potential of PSEC timing.
o Present production pace is 4 LAPPDs per month (expandable with demand)
B. “Typical” performances meet early adopter needs: o Gain >106
o Mean QE > 20% @ 365nm >80% uniformityo Time Resolution < 70 Picoseconds, and mm Spatial Resolutiono Dark rate <1000Hz/cm2 @ gain 107
II. Baseline GEN II – is being defined
Capacitive coupling works, ceramic package demonstrated, high QE demonstrated.
III. “Early Adopter” programs to make LAPPDs available for test & evaluation.
IV. Smaller format 10cm X 10cm detector is being developed
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Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Current Funding & Personnel Acknowledgements
• DOE, DE-SC0015267, NP Phase II – “Development of Gen-II LAPPDTM Systems For Nuclear Physics Experiments”
• DOE DE-SC0019821, Phase I –”Development of Advanced Photocathodes for LAPPD”
• DOE, DE-SC0011262 Phase IIA - “Further Development of Large-Area Micro-channel Plates for a Broad Range of Commercial Applications”
• DOE DE-SC0017929, Phase II– “High Gain MCP ALD Film” (Alternative SEE Materials)
• DOE DE-SC0018778 Phase II “ALD-GCA-MCPs with Low Thermal Coefficient of Resistance”
• NASA 80NSSC18P2032 Phase II “Curved Microchannel Plates and Collimators for Spaceflight Mass Spectrometers”
• NASA Phase I “Improvement of GCA center to edge for high timing/spatial resolution applications”
• DOE (HEP, NP, NNSA) Personnel: Dr. Alan L. Stone, Dr. Helmut Marsiske,, Carl C. Hebron, Dr. Kenneth R. Marken Jr, Dr. Michelle Shinn, Dr. Elizabeth Bartosz, Dr. Gulshan Rai, Dr. Manouchehr Farkhondeh, Dr. Donald Hornback, Dr. Manny Oliver.
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Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
For more information
Dr. Alexey LyashenkoSr. Photodetector Research Scientist, Incom Inc.
[email protected]: 508-909-2226
Dr. Michael J. MinotDirector R&D, Incom Inc.
Office: 508-909-2369Cell: 978-852-4942
Thank you!30
Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Selected LAPPD References & Links• http://www.incomusa.com/mcp-and-lappd-documents/
• Lyashenko, Alexey et al., “Performance of Large Area Picosecond Photo-Detectors (LAPPD)” NIMA https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162834, https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.10399
• Craven, Christopher A. et al - “Recent Advances in Large Area Micro-Channel Plates and LAPPD™” TIPP’17 International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, May 22-26, 2017
• Lyashenko, Alexey et al “Further progress in pilot production of Large Area Picosecond Photo-Detectors (LAPPDTM)” New Technologies for Discovery III: The 2017 CPAD Instrumentation Frontier Workshop, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM October 12-14, 2017
• Angelico, E. et al, “Capacitively coupled pickup in MCP-based photodetectors using a conductive metallic anode”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 846 (2017) 75–80
• Ertley, Camden et al, “Microchannel Plate Imaging Detectors for High Dynamic Range Applications”, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2017.
• Siegmund, Oswald et al, “Microchannel plate detector technology potential for LUVOIR and HabEx”, Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 10397, id. 1039711 14 pp. (2017)
• Siegmund, Oswald et al, “Single Photon Counting Large Format Imaging Sensors with High Spatial and Temporal Resolution”, Proceedings of the Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance (AMOS) Technologies Conference, 2017.
• Michael J. Minot, et. al., “Pilot production and advanced development of large-area picosecond photodetectors” SPIE 9968, Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVIII, 99680X (30 September 2016); doi: 10.1117/12.2237331
• Adams, B.W et al. “A Brief Technical History of the large-Area Picosecond Photodetector (LAPPD) Collaboration” - Submitted to: JINST arXiv:1603.01843 [physics.ins-det] FERMILAB-PUB-16-142-PPD, March, 2016
• M.J. Minot, et al., Pilot production & commercialization of LAPPD™, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 787 (2015) 78–84
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Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
1.000E-01
1.000E+00
1.000E+01
1.000E+02
1.000E+03
1.000E+04
1.000E+05
1.000E+06
1.000E+07
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Resistance(M
ohm)
Temperature(K)
-1.0E-05
0.0E+00
1.0E-05
2.0E-05
3.0E-05
4.0E-05
5.0E-05
6.0E-05
7.0E-05
8.0E-05
-2.0E-08
0.0E+00
2.0E-08
4.0E-08
6.0E-08
8.0E-08
1.0E-07
1.2E-07
1.4E-07
1.6E-07
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
MCPCurrent(A,150K,200K)
MCPCurrent(A)
Voltage(V)
9.5K
10K
50K
75K
100K
150K
200K
INCOM MCPs at cryogenic temperatures
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RRT = 200 KW
I-V curves for cryogenic temperatures
MCP current takes off indicating thermal runaway
LAr
LXe
Tfitrange:90to160K
b = - 0.07 K-1