Transcript
Page 1: Procedural justice: Inclusive process for inclusive growth, E. Allan Lind

Procedural Justice: Inclusive Process for Inclusive Growth

E. Allan Lind

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Page 2: Procedural justice: Inclusive process for inclusive growth, E. Allan Lind

The Passport and the iPad

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Page 3: Procedural justice: Inclusive process for inclusive growth, E. Allan Lind

The Science of Inclusion and Exclusion

• Forty years of research in psychology and cognitive neuroscience shows: – People have an economic,

problem-solving brain…and a social, relationship-oriented brain;

– The social brain plays the major role in how people react to inclusion and exclusion;

– Perceptions of fair and unfair treatment are key indicators of inclusion and exclusion.

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The Brain’s Reaction to Exclusion

Eisenberger, Lieberman, & Williams, Science, 2003. 4

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What Are Procedural Justice Judgments?

• Judgments of how fairly one has been treated • What procedural justice judgments are not:

– Not judgments about abstract fairness – Not ratings of immediate satisfaction – Not judgments about fairness of the outcome

• Perceived fairness judgments in reaction to

experiences with government are largely determined by the process encountered—hence, “procedural justice.”

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Procedural Justice: Why?

• Reason 1: Build trust in government; legitimacy and obedience to law.

• Reason 2: Increase voluntary acceptance of and compliance with regulations and decisions.

• Reason 3: Beneficence.

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Reason 1: Build Trust and Legitimacy

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Perceived Fairness of Process Legitimacy of Law

Fairness and Legitimacy—Canberra RISE Experiment

Procedural Justice Intervention Conventional Procedure

Tyler, Sherman, Stang, Barnes, & Woods, Law & Soc Rev, 2007. 7

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Reason 2: Compliance and Acceptance

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Hearing ProcessFair

Hearing ProcessUnfair

Willingness to Accept New Environmental Regulations

See, JPSP, 2009.

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Hearing ProcessFair

Hearing ProcessUnfair

% Accepting Hearing Officer's Decision

Lind, Kulik, Ambrose, & Park, ASQ, 1993.

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Reason 3: Beneficence • Just as we react to exclusion in same way we react to physical

pain, perceived fairness activates the same brain centers as does material reward:

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Tabibnia, Satpute, & Lieberman, Psy Science, 2008

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Procedural Justice: How?

• Three major factors produce higher perceived fairness if present and lower perceived fairness if absent:

– “Voice”

– Respectful and dignified treatment

– Explanations and information

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How to Improve Perceived Fairness

• Voice: – Opportunity to present

one’s views and evidence – Not direct control over

decision or outcome – But there must be

evidence of consideration

• Respect and dignity • Explanations • Example: ‘Queensland

Community Engagement Trial’ (QCET); Random Breath Testing

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Experimental RBT Conventional RBT

Perceived Procedural Fairness

Perceived Procedural Fairness

11 Mazerolle, Bennett, Antrobus, & Eggins, J Exp Criminol, 2012.

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Procedural Fairness and Training

• Sometimes procedural justice involves formal elements of process, but all three elements of perceived procedural fairness depend on how processes are executed.

• Thus, training is a key factor in enhancing the perceived fairness of regulatory design and administration experiences.

• Note the attention given to training in the Dutch “Fair Tracks” program, and the very positive procedural fairness reactions produced.

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Evaluating Perceived Fairness

• Surveys and interviews.

• Randomized experiments are of course the most useful designs. The training component offers the opportunity to use randomized roll-out and/or randomized “dosage” designs.

• Constant monitoring is very useful to maintain quality of treatment.

• Use process, perception, and outcome metrics to guide evaluations.

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Closing Remarks • Strong scientific literature on the psychology of inclusion and

perceived fairness.

• Positive reactions to inclusion and negative reactions to exclusion are not just about material outcomes—inclusion and fairness concerns are built into the human brain.

• Perceived procedural fairness promotes trust in government; compliance with decisions.

• Procedural fairness can be enhanced by improving voice, respectful and dignified treatment, and explanations.

• Careful and rigorous evaluation is critical, because so much depends on training and execution.

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