Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Software: Systems and Application Software
Chapter 4
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• When selecting an operating system, you must consider the current and future needs for application software to meet the needs of the organization. In addition, your choice of a particular operating system must be consistent with your choice of hardware.
– Identify & describe the functions of the 2 basic kinds of software.– Outline the role of the operating system & identify the features of
several popular operating systems.
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• Do not develop proprietary application software unless doing so will meet a compelling business need that can provide a competitive advantage.
– Discuss how applications software can support personal, workgroup, and enterprise business objectives.
– Identify 3 basic approaches to developing applications software and discuss the pros and cons of each.
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• Choose a programming language whose functional characteristics are appropriate to the task at hand, taking into consideration the skills and experience of the programming staff.
– Outline the evolution of programming languages.
• The software industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends and issues to be effective in their business and personal life.
– Differentiate among the five generations of programming languages.
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
An Overview of Software
• Computer program - sequences of instructions for the computer
• Documentation - describes program functions
• Systems software - coordinates the activities of hardware & programs
• Applications software - helps users solve particular problems
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
The Importance of Software in Business
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Operating Systems
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Operating Systems
• Perform common hardware functions• Provide a user interface• Provide hardware independence• Manage system memory• Manage processing• Control access to system resources• Manage files
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
The Role of the Operating System
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Common Hardware Functions
• Accept keyboard input• Store data on disks• Send data to output devices
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
User Interface
• Command-based interfaces• Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Hardware Independence
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Memory Management
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Processing Tasks
• Multitasking - more than one program can run at a time using a single processor
• Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously use the resources of a single processor
• Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or tasks
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Access to System Resources
• Protection against unauthorized access• Logins and passwords
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Workgroup Operating Systems
• Netware• Windows NT Server 4.0• Windows 2000 Server• Unix• Red Hat Linux• Mac OS X Server
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Enterprise Operating Systems
• IBM’s OS/390• HP’s MPE/iX (Multiprogramming Executive with
integrated POSIX)• IBM’s z/OS• Linux
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Consumer Appliance Operating Systems
• Windows CE.NET• Mobil Linux• Windows XP Embedded• Handheld PC• Pocket PC• Palm OS
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Nokia 7650
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Utility Programs
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Types and Functions of Applications Software
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Sources of Software
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal Application Software
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal and Application Software
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal and Application Software
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
TurboTax
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Quicken
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Word Processing
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Spreadsheet Analysis
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Database Applications
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Graphics Programs
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
On-Line Information Systems
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Software Suite
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Workgroup Application Software
• Groupware
• Collaborative computing software
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Group Scheduling
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Examples of Enterprise Application Software
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Enterprise Application Software
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Programming Languages
• Commands and statements combined according to a particular syntax
• Different languages have different characteristics
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Programming Languages
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
First-Generation Languages
• Machine language• ASCII (American Standard Code for Information
Interchange)
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Second-Generation Languages
• Assembly languages• Assemblers• Symbolic language
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Third-Generation Languages
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Fourth-Generation Languages
• 4GLs• Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not
how to get them• Examples: SQL, SAS
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Fifth-Generation Languages
• 5GLs• Uses a visual or graphical development interface
to create source language• Examples: Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual
C++
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Object-Oriented Programming Languages
• Objects - data and actions that can be performed on the data
• Encapsulation - group items into an object• Polymorphism - one procedure can work with
multiple objects• Inheritance - an object in a particular class gets
attributes of that class
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Object-Oriented Programming Languages
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Software Issues & Trends
• Software bugs • Open source software • Software licensing• Software upgrades• Global software support• Antitrust issues for software
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
How to Deal with Software Bugs
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Summary
• Software - consists of programs that control the workings of the computer hardware
• Operating system - set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware
• Application - software that applies the power of the computer to solve problems and perform specific tasks
• Programming languages - provide instructions to a computer to perform some processing activity