PRIMATE EVOLUTIONPRIMATE EVOLUTION
Chapter 16Chapter 16
Primate Adaptation & Primate Adaptation & EvolutionEvolution
Ch. 16, Sec. 1Ch. 16, Sec. 1
PrimatesPrimatesPrimatesPrimates = group of animals that includes = group of animals that includes
lemurslemurs, , monkeysmonkeys, , apesapes, and , and humanshumansCommon traits among primates:Common traits among primates:
Large brains (relative to body size)Large brains (relative to body size)Social interactionsSocial interactionsFlexible shoulder & hip jointsFlexible shoulder & hip joints
Opposable ThumbOpposable Thumb = = thumb that can cross thumb that can cross the palm to meet the the palm to meet the other fingertipsother fingertips
Adaptation for griping Adaptation for griping & climbing& climbing
Binocular VisionBinocular Vision = = both eyes in the frontboth eyes in the front Better depth Better depth
perception, jumping perception, jumping from tree to treefrom tree to tree
Color VisionColor Vision allows allows primates to find food primates to find food that has most nutritionthat has most nutrition Ex: Unripe vs. Ripe Ex: Unripe vs. Ripe
fruitfruit
Primate OriginsPrimate OriginsPrimates share evolutionary historyPrimates share evolutionary historyFossilFossil, , anatomicalanatomical, , DNADNA evidence show a evidence show a
close relationshipclose relationshipPrimates classified into 2 groupsPrimates classified into 2 groups
Primate Ancestors
StrepsirrhinesHaplorhines
Anthropoids
HominoidsHominids
Old World monkeys
Gibbons Orangutans
African apes
Humans
New World monkeys
Tarsiers
Lemurs Lorises, Pottos and Galagos
Humanlike Primates EvolveHumanlike Primates EvolveAnthropoidsAnthropoids = humanlike primates; = humanlike primates;
hominoidshominoids, , New World monkeysNew World monkeys, , Old Old World monkeysWorld monkeys
New World monkeysNew World monkeys found in Central & found in Central & South AmericaSouth America
Arboreal (live in trees)Arboreal (live in trees)Prehensile TailPrehensile Tail = can be used as a 5 = can be used as a 5thth
limblimb
Old World monkeysOld World monkeys found in Africa & Asia found in Africa & AsiaNo prehensile tailNo prehensile tailCan live in trees or on the groundCan live in trees or on the ground
HominoidsHominoids = apes & humans = apes & humansApesApes
No tails, walk on 2 legs w/ support from handsNo tails, walk on 2 legs w/ support from handsHumansHumans
Large brains, walk uprightLarge brains, walk upright
Human AncestryHuman Ancestry
Ch. 16, Sec. 2Ch. 16, Sec. 2
HominidsHominids5-8 mya in Africa a common ancestor 5-8 mya in Africa a common ancestor
branched off into 2 groups (chimps & branched off into 2 groups (chimps & humans)humans)Supported by DNA evidence, comparison of Supported by DNA evidence, comparison of
similar proteins similar proteins HominoidsHominoids = primates that = primates that cancan walk on 2 walk on 2
legs (gorillas, chimps, bonobos, humans)legs (gorillas, chimps, bonobos, humans)HominidsHominids = bipedal primates, = bipedal primates, onlyonly walk on walk on
2 legs2 legs
Early HominidsEarly Hominids AustralopithecineAustralopithecine = =
early hominids w/ early hominids w/ apelike and apelike and humanlike qualities, humanlike qualities, intermediateintermediate between between chimp and humanchimp and human
““Lucy”Lucy” Smaller brains, Smaller brains,
bipedalbipedal
Modern HumansModern HumansHumans are Humans are Homo sapiensHomo sapiensOther hominids are also classified in the Other hominids are also classified in the
genus genus HomoHomo2.5 mya earliest hominids in the genus 2.5 mya earliest hominids in the genus
Homo Homo
Mill
ions
of y
ears
ago
H. sapiens H. neanderthalensis
H. heidelbergensisH. erectus
H. antecessorH. ergaster
Homo habilis
P. robustu
sP. boisel
A. garhiParanthropusaethiopicus
A. bahrelghazaliA. afarensis
Kenyanthropusplatyops
AustralopithecusanamensisArdipithecus
ramidus
H. rudolfensis
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/evolutiohttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/evolution/#n/#
http://dsc.discovery.com/tv/ardipithecus/arhttp://dsc.discovery.com/tv/ardipithecus/ardipithecus.htmldipithecus.html