Preventing Drug AbusePreventing Drug Abuse
Chapter 21Chapter 21
Legal and Illegal DrugsLegal and Illegal Drugs
Drug use is part of life in the United StatesDrug use is part of life in the United StatesAt one point in our lives all of us have At one point in our lives all of us have
taken some sort of prescription or taken some sort of prescription or nonprescription drug nonprescription drug
What is the difference between the two?What is the difference between the two?Prescription drugs must be obtained Prescription drugs must be obtained
through a written prescription from a through a written prescription from a physician and can be purchased only at a physician and can be purchased only at a pharmacypharmacy
Legal and Illegal DrugsLegal and Illegal Drugs
OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS are purchased OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS are purchased legally in pharmacies and other stores that sell legally in pharmacies and other stores that sell medicine without a prescriptionmedicine without a prescription
These include pain relievers such as aspirin, These include pain relievers such as aspirin, sleep aides, cold and cough medicine etc.sleep aides, cold and cough medicine etc.
*** Prescription and over the counter drugs are *** Prescription and over the counter drugs are legal HOWEVER illegal drugs are chemicals that legal HOWEVER illegal drugs are chemicals that are unlawful because they are dangerous and are unlawful because they are dangerous and often unpredictable effects outweigh and useful often unpredictable effects outweigh and useful purposes the drug may havepurposes the drug may have
This is the improper use of drugsThis is the improper use of drugsCan prescription drugs or over the counter Can prescription drugs or over the counter
be misused?be misused?How??????How??????Drug abuse occurs when people Drug abuse occurs when people
intentionally misuse any kinds of drugs for intentionally misuse any kinds of drugs for non-medical purposes.non-medical purposes.
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Drug MisusesDrug Misuses
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Celebrity Prescription Celebrity Prescription OverdosesOverdoses
Marilyn Monroe -Sleeping Marilyn Monroe -Sleeping MedicationMedication
Elvis Presley – Sleep AidesElvis Presley – Sleep Aides
Anna Nicole Smith – Anti Anna Nicole Smith – Anti Depressant and Sleep AidesDepressant and Sleep Aides
Heath Ledger – Pain killers & Heath Ledger – Pain killers & Anti- Anxiety MedicationAnti- Anxiety Medication
Chris Penn – antihistamine & pain Chris Penn – antihistamine & pain killerskillers
Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs
These are chemicals that affect the activity These are chemicals that affect the activity of brain cells to alter perception, thought, of brain cells to alter perception, thought, and moodand mood
These include stimulants, depressants, These include stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, inhalants, alcohol, and hallucinogens, inhalants, alcohol, and chemicals found in marijuanachemicals found in marijuana
* these are also called mood altering drugs* these are also called mood altering drugsSome of these drugs have a positive Some of these drugs have a positive
medical benefit when used correctlymedical benefit when used correctly
Side EffectsSide Effects
What a drug does to your body is called What a drug does to your body is called DRUG’S ACTIONDRUG’S ACTION
What you feel or the physical and mental What you feel or the physical and mental response to the drug’s action is known as response to the drug’s action is known as the DRUG’S EFFECTthe DRUG’S EFFECT
The drug’s effect is what makes you feel The drug’s effect is what makes you feel better when it comes to controlled better when it comes to controlled substancesubstance
Side EffectsSide Effects
SIDE EFFECTS are unwanted, even SIDE EFFECTS are unwanted, even dangerous, physical and mental effects dangerous, physical and mental effects caused by a drug, such as nauseam caused by a drug, such as nauseam dizziness, or drowsinessdizziness, or drowsiness
Side effects can occur with any drugsSide effects can occur with any drugsWhen a drug is repeated used, the body When a drug is repeated used, the body
may develop a resistance or tolerance to may develop a resistance or tolerance to the drugthe drug
Side EffectsSide Effects
TOLERANCE causes a user to need TOLERANCE causes a user to need increasingly larger amount of the drug t increasingly larger amount of the drug t achieve the desired effect.achieve the desired effect.
OVERDOSE is a serious reaction to an OVERDOSE is a serious reaction to an excessive amount of a drug.excessive amount of a drug.
Commonly Abused DrugsCommonly Abused Drugs
DepressantsDepressants
These are psychoactive drugs that slow These are psychoactive drugs that slow down brain and body reactionsdown brain and body reactions
They slow down heart rates, breathing They slow down heart rates, breathing rates, blood pressure, relax muscles and rates, blood pressure, relax muscles and relieve tensionrelieve tension
Sedatives, anti-anxiety and narcotics are Sedatives, anti-anxiety and narcotics are types of depressantstypes of depressants
Sedatives and Anti-Anxiety DrugsSedatives and Anti-Anxiety Drugs
SEDATIVES are depressants that relax a SEDATIVES are depressants that relax a person and induce sleepperson and induce sleep
A BARBITURATE is a type of sedative A BARBITURATE is a type of sedative ( relax a person) in small doses, in high ( relax a person) in small doses, in high doses they induce sleepdoses they induce sleep
Some barbiturates are used to treat those Some barbiturates are used to treat those who suffer from seizureswho suffer from seizures
BarbiturateBarbiturate
Are incredibly addictiveAre incredibly addictiveAbusers usually develop a tolerance very Abusers usually develop a tolerance very
quicklyquicklyBarbiturate abusers do everything slowly, Barbiturate abusers do everything slowly,
walk, slur speech, and even react slowly to walk, slur speech, and even react slowly to their environmenttheir environment
Anti-Anxiety DrugsAnti-Anxiety Drugs
Are also known as tranquilizersAre also known as tranquilizersThey slow down nerve activity, lower They slow down nerve activity, lower
alertness, relax muscle tensionalertness, relax muscle tensionExamples: lexapro, xanax, prozac, Examples: lexapro, xanax, prozac,
cymbalta, paxil, klonopin, valium, zoloftcymbalta, paxil, klonopin, valium, zoloft
NarcoticsNarcotics
NarcoticsNarcotics
A NARCOTIC is an addictive drug that A NARCOTIC is an addictive drug that alters mood and behavior, reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, reduces pain, and induces sleep and stuporand induces sleep and stupor
This is chemically similar to opiumThis is chemically similar to opiumOPIUM is a drug from the seed of a poppy OPIUM is a drug from the seed of a poppy
plantplant * Morphine and codeine ( pain killers) are * Morphine and codeine ( pain killers) are
natural compounds that are contained in natural compounds that are contained in opiumopium
HeroinHeroin
Is one of the most frequently abused Is one of the most frequently abused narcotics in the United Statesnarcotics in the United States
This is usually injected and is created from This is usually injected and is created from morphine in a labmorphine in a lab
Users usually ignore pain and fear and Users usually ignore pain and fear and seemed to be dazedseemed to be dazed
Addiction begins after only a few usesAddiction begins after only a few uses withdrawal symptoms include sweating, withdrawal symptoms include sweating,
shaking, chills, nausea, and crampsshaking, chills, nausea, and cramps
HeroinHeroin
Heroin addicts are at risk for overdose, Heroin addicts are at risk for overdose, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, depression, comaHIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, depression, coma
Dealings “ cut” or dilute heroin with Dealings “ cut” or dilute heroin with additives, such as laxatives, sugar and additives, such as laxatives, sugar and even rat poison!even rat poison!
StimulantsStimulants
These are drugs that speed up the These are drugs that speed up the activities of the central nervous systemactivities of the central nervous system
They increase heart rates, blood pressure They increase heart rates, blood pressure and breathingand breathing
Amphetamines and cocaine are both Amphetamines and cocaine are both stimulantsstimulants
AmphetaminesAmphetamines
These are artificially made stimulantsThese are artificially made stimulants It is a prescription drug that are often sold It is a prescription drug that are often sold
illegallyillegally It gives feeling of well being and high It gives feeling of well being and high
energy, once the effects wear off the user energy, once the effects wear off the user is left feeling depressedis left feeling depressed
this causes the user to take more and this causes the user to take more and begins the vicious cycle of abusebegins the vicious cycle of abuse
CocaineCocaine
Short acting stimulant that affects the Short acting stimulant that affects the nervous systemnervous system
This is often sniffed into the user’s nose or This is often sniffed into the user’s nose or injected in blood streaminjected in blood stream
Cocaine is highly addictiveCocaine is highly addictiveUser’s “ crash” when they come down User’s “ crash” when they come down
from the drug meaning they get depressedfrom the drug meaning they get depressedCocaine can induce seizure, heart failure Cocaine can induce seizure, heart failure
and respiratory failureand respiratory failure
CrackCrack
Crack is when individuals’ “ free base” Crack is when individuals’ “ free base” cocainecocaine
This is burning the substance and inhaling This is burning the substance and inhaling the fumesthe fumes
Because this is so potent it has SHORT Because this is so potent it has SHORT but powerful effects ( these effects occur but powerful effects ( these effects occur within 8 seconds of being smoked)within 8 seconds of being smoked)
HallucinogensHallucinogens
Psychoactive drugs that alter perception, Psychoactive drugs that alter perception, thought, and moodthought, and mood
They are illegal and have no medical useThey are illegal and have no medical use
LSDLSD
Strongest known hallucinogen known as Strongest known hallucinogen known as lysergic acid diethylamidelysergic acid diethylamide
Their effects are unpredictable, they can Their effects are unpredictable, they can either stimulate or depress the central either stimulate or depress the central nervous systemnervous system
LSD can lead to frightening episodes of “ LSD can lead to frightening episodes of “ bad trips”, users become so frightened bad trips”, users become so frightened they fear they are in real dangerthey fear they are in real danger