Brian AlmquistOffice of Naval Research
Voice: (703) 696-3351 Fax: (703) 696-2710 [email protected]
Presented toPresented to2005 MINWARA Conference on 2005 MINWARA Conference on
Sea Mine WarfareSea Mine Warfare
2323--26 May 200526 May 2005
MINWARA Conference_Breaching 2-5May05.ppt
Surf Zone / Beach Zone BreachingWeapon System Program Elements
DEPLOY(Organic Supportability)
EMPLOY(Stand-off, In-stride)
HIT(Targeting, Guidance, & Control)
KILL(Warheads)
• Mainstream Assault Breaching MCM
• Assault Breaching Becomes Part of Air and Surface Strike Mission Areas
• Focus: Utilize Existing Navy / AF Systems for Deployment and Employment of CMCO Warheads
• Key Technology Challenges: Warhead Effectiveness and Dispense Mechanisms
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Strategy Based on Concept of Spiral Development• JDAM Assault Breaching System (JABS): Exploit existing precision
guided (JDAM) bombs
• Advanced Warhead Development: Develop countermine darts with greater kill radius & effectiveness against buried mines in water and on land.
Rapid Transition to System Level Demonstrations: Reduces risk and shortens acquisition timeline.
USN and USAF MOA for Delivery of Breaching Warheads (Signed)• Response to OMCM FNC technology developments
Mine & Obstacle Breaching S&T Strategy
Develop a Precision Mine and Obstacle Breaching Capability• Enabled by ISR and Weapon Precision Guidance• Delivery by Naval TACAIR, USAF Bombers, and Naval Guns
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JDAM Assault Breaching System (JABS)
Objective: • Characterize the tactical performance
of existing precision guided bombs
Program Description:• 18-Month Test & Evaluation Period• Phase I: BZ low tide Demo (Completed)• Phase II: SZ / BZ Demo (Completed)• Mission Planner
Systems Effectiveness Issues:• Lethality vs. Mines / Obstacles
(Tactical, as delivered)• Fuze (HOB, detonation in water)• Deployment Tactics• Integrated CONOPS
Goal is to Enable an Operational Capability by FY 2006Goal is to Enable an Operational Capability by FY 2006
Water Depth (m)Profile At Mean Tide. 6-8 ft Tidal Variations
(+3-4 ft about mean tide)
AT mines (A, B, F, G, H)
174.21 m
5m10 m 50 m10 m
AL Mine, (E, L)
4 strand fence
AP mines (K)Tanglefoot
30 m
10 m
10 m
AT
min
es a
t 6 m
spa
cing
15 m
0.6 0.9 1.1 2.0
50 yds
Type 2 AL Mines (J, M)Triple Strand Concertina Wire w/AP mines
0.3
10 m
Sea Urchins
X
Target Set for JABS Surface Mines & Light Obstacles
Team:• Boeing Phantom Works• NSWC-PC• NAWC-CL• Northrop Grumman Corporation• USAF 49th T&E Squadron - Barksdale
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MK-84
JDAM Assault Breaching System (JABS)
B-52
Target Damage
Mission Planner Screen CaptureStandoff Delivery Platform
GBU-31(V)2/B
Precision Guidance
JDAM Tail Kit
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MCIA Threat
Water Depth (m)Profile At Mean Tide. 6-8 ft Tidal Variations
(+3-4 ft about mean tide)
AT mines (A, B, F, G, H)
174.21 m
5m10 m 50 m10 m
AL Mine, (E, L)
4 strand fence
AP mines (K)Tanglefoot
30 m
10 m
10 m
AT
min
es a
t 6 m
spac
ing
15 m
0.6 0.9 1.1 2.0
50 yds
Type 2 AL Mines (J, M)Triple Strand Concertina Wire w/AP mines
0.3
10 m
Sea Urchins
60 yds
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• Tactical threat laydown provided by MCIA• Obstacle barriers consist of four-strand barb wire fence (cattle
fence), tanglefoot, triple standard concertina (TSC) wire, and sea urchins
• Includes anti-tank and anti-landing mines
MCIA Threat LaydownMines & Light Obstacles
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JABS Phase I Beach Zone Lane Clearance
• Beach Effects Testing to Characterize Weapon Lethality at Tactical Impact Burial / Height of Detonation (Static); Completed- Beach arena test- Bombs detonated above and into ground (0”, -22”, -36”, +36”, +96”)- Tactical mines & light obstacles- USAF MK-84 bombs
• BZ Lane Clearance Demo to Prepare for Flight Demo (Static); Completed- 10 bombs tactically positioned and detonated- Tactical mines & light obstacles- USAF MK-84 bombs
• BZ Lane Clearance Demo to Characterize Weapon Lethality (Flight); China Lake / NAWC, CA; Completed- USAF B-52 will deploy 10 MK-84 bombs- Tactical mines & light obstacles- Low tide conditions
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JABS BZ Lane Clearance DemoNAWC-CL Flight Test - 13 Jan 2004
0900 – B-52H Left Barksdale AFB, LA1330 – Cold Pass 1345 – Hot Pass
BeforeSLIDEVIDEO
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• Met All Objectives
• Successfully Employed 10 of 10 Weapons from 1 USAF B-52
• Craters can be Avoided with Appropriate Fuze Settings
Beach Zone DemonstrationObservations & Results
January 13, 2004
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• Water Effects Testing to Characterize Fuze Performance in the Water Column (Flight); Completed- USN F-18 aircraft drop of 2 inert MK-84 bombs
• Water Effects Testing to Characterize Weapon Lethality at Tactical Impact / Height of Detonation (Static); Completed- Water arena test- Tactical mines & light obstacles- USAF MK-84 bombs- Parameters: Water depth, depth of weapon detonation, seabed penetration,
cavity formation
• SZ / BZ Lane Clearance Demo to Prepare for Flight Demo (Static); Completed- Several bombs tactically positioned and detonated- Tactical mines & light obstacles- USAF MK-84 bombs
• SZ / BZ Lane Clearance Demo to Characterize Weapon Lethality (Flight); Completed- Four USAF B-52 aircraft to drop multiple MK-84 bombs- Tactical mines & light obstacles arrayed on land and in water
JABS Phase II Combined SZ / BZ Lane Clearance
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JABS Water Effects Testing
VIDEO (Flight)
VIDEO (Test)VIDEO (Model)Field Test Slide
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JABS Combined SZ/BZ DemoNAWC-CL Flight Test - 9 Sept 2004
Before
0900 – 4 B-52Hs Left Barksdale AFB, LA1400 – Hot Pass
VIDEO
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JABS Combined SZ / BZ Demo Preliminary Observations & Results
• Met All Objectives
• Successfully Employed 40 of 42 Weapons from 4 USAF B-52s
- Aircraft Malfunction Caused One Weapon Failure
- Tail Kit Malfunction Caused One Weapon to Fall Short
• Water Depth Plays a Key Role in Determining the Correct Weapon Configuration
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JABS Mission Planner
Mission Planner
Desired Point of Impact (DPI) Locations
Allows Expeditionary Strike Group to Plan a JABS Breaching Mission
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JABS Status
• Transitioned to PMS-495
• Initiated Independent Statistical Assessment of Results
- Determine Confidence Levels
- Identify Critical Areas for Acquisition Testing
• Initiated Testing Against Buried Mines & Mines in 10’ Water Depth
• Stand-Alone Mission Planner
- Initiated Integration with MEDAL
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Advanced Warhead Development
• NSWC - IHD• NSWC - PC• NAWC - CL
Team: • Boeing Phantom Works• Lockheed Martin Adv Projects• SAIC
Demonstrate Technology by FY 2007Demonstrate Technology by FY 2007
Strategy: • Precision Guided CMCO
Warheads Delivered by Naval TACAIR, USAF Bombers and Naval Guns- Countermine Darts- Continuous Rod Warhead
Concepts:• Best Buy Projectile (NGFS)• TMD / Guided Munitions (Hydra-7)• BLU-109 / JDAM Tail Kit (MODS)
Effectiveness Issues:• Lethality vs. Mines / Obstacles• Dart Dispensing• Integrated CONOPS
High Threat Scenario
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Countermine Darts
Chemical Dart Detonating Dart
VIDEO (HE Dart Test)
Slots added to improve performance against proud
mines
2.5 mL DETA 5 mL DETA
VIDEO (Chemical Dart vs. Mine in Water)VIDEO (HYDRA-7 Dart Test)
35 CAL DARTPrimer: M42C2Free Volume: .22 cm3Delay : LEAD SALTMain Fill: PBXN-5
Mass 38.5 grams (21g subpenetrator)7.5 mL of DETA
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Countermine Darts
MODS Dispenser
Packed Canister of Darts
Controlled Dispense of Countermine Darts
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Dart Dispenser Concepts
MODS Forward Ejection NGFS Timed Tangential ReleaseVIDEO (Dispense) VIDEO (Sled Test)
VIDEO (Target)
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MODS Flight Test MODSMine/Obstacle Defeat System
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Advanced Warhead Development Status
• Reactive material dart put on the shelf; Focus investment on chemical and detonating darts
• CRW put on shelf; Focus investment on precision guided bombs for obstacle clearance
• Initiated Live System Demonstration
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FY 05• Conduct MODS Inert Flight Test with Dispense• Complete Chemical Dart (BZ Only)• Down-select Dart for Live Demonstration• Initiate Live Demonstration Effort
FY 06• Conduct Live Demonstration
FY 07• Complete Transition to Acquisition (PMS – 495)
Advanced Warhead DevelopmentPlans
MINWARA Conference_Breaching 2-5May05.ppt
Summary
• System Technologies Transform Assault Breaching to a Strike Mission
• JABS Provides a Contingency Capability
• Integration of Mission Planner with MEDAL provides an Initial Fielded Capability
- Spiral to include countermine darts
• Combination of Countermine Darts & JABS will Enable a Full Operational Capability
Brian AlmquistOffice of Naval Research
Voice: (703) 696-3351 Fax: (703) 696-2710 [email protected]
Presented toPresented to2005 MINWARA Conference on 2005 MINWARA Conference on
Sea Mine WarfareSea Mine Warfare
2323--26 May 200526 May 2005
MINWARA Conference_Breaching 2-5May05.ppt
JABS Combined SZ / BZ Threat Laydown NAWC China Lake
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BZ Field Test vs. Threat Laydown (Static)
Beach Zone Test Eglin AFB12 September 2002
Demonstrated:• Effectiveness against light obstacles• Effectiveness against mines
MINWARA Conference_Breaching 2-5May05.ppt
JDAM ASSAULT BREACHING SYSTEM NEAR-TERM SURF ZONE / BEACH ZONE REQUIREMENTS
MINIMUM NEAR-TERM REQUIREMENT
THRESHOLD OBJECTIVE ANTI-LANDING MINES, TYPE 2 P
ANTI-LANDING MINES C ANTI-PERSONNEL MINES (PLASTIC OR STEEL CASE) R
ANTI-TANK MINES, PLASTIC C MINES
ANTI-TANK MINES, STEEL CASED C CONCRETE CUBES (4’ x 4’ x 4’) R
CONCRETE TETRAHEDRONS (DRAGON’S TEETH) R H E A V Y CONCRETE JERSEY BARRIERS
(REINFORCED CONCRETE – 12’ LENGTH x 2.75’ HT) R
STEEL HEDGEHOG (SH) (4’ x 4’ x 3/8” ANGLE IRON) R
STEEL TETRAHEDRON (ST) (4’ x 4’ x 5/8” ANGLE IRON) R M E D I U M
LOG POSTS (LP) (16” DIA / BURIED 5’ DEEP / 30” – 48” ABOVE GROUND) R
SEA URCHINS (SU) C TRIPLE-STRAND CONCERTINA WIRE (TSC) (36” DIAMETER / ENGINEER STAKES @ 12’) C
TANGLEFOOT WIRE (TF) C
OBST
ACLE
TYP
ES
L I G H T
4-STRAND BARBED WIRE FENCE (BW) C COMBINED ANTI-PERSONNEL MINES WITH TANGLEFOOT R
10’ WATER DEPTH PLUS 6” OVERBURDEN P 10’ WATER DEPTH P 6’ WATER DEPTH C
3’ WATER DEPTH PLUS 6” OVERBURDEN P 3’ WATER DEPTH C
ON BEACH (PROUD) C
ENVIRONMENT
ON BEACH PLUS 6” OVERBURDEN P
Reference: JDAM Assault Breaching System (JABS) Interim Requirements Letter dated 1 Dec 04 signed by OPNAV N75
P – Pending ONR FY05 Test; R – Requirement; C - Completed
JABSPerformance Parameters Matrix
MINWARA Conference_Breaching 2-5May05.ppt
Mk 84 Test, Summer 99 Mk 83 Test, Spring 01 Mk 83 Water Test
Arena Tests are Used to Characterize Weapon LethalityArena Tests are Used to Characterize Weapon Lethality
Arena Tests (Static)
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JABS BZ Lethality Data
Regression analysis used to evaluate kill / no kill data
Kill - All Mechanisms
00.20.40.60.8
11.2
0 20 40 60 80 100
Type AType BType FType GType H
Fragment KIlls
00.20.40.60.8
11.2
0 20 40 60 80 100
Type AType BType FType GType H
Pressure Kills
00.20.40.60.8
11.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Type AType BType FType H
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Compilation of JABS Test DataExample
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 >50 A 1/1 1/1 2/2 2/3 5/8 10/10 4/4 3/4* 0/2 62 B 1/1 1/1 2/2 5/5 7/7 3/3 1/2 4/4 1/1 66 F 1/1 0/0 0/0 2/2 2/2 6/6 4/5 2/2 2/2 1/1 72 G 1/1 0/0 0/0 5/5 3/3 4/4 3/4 2/4 1/1 1/1 63 H 1/1 0/0 0/0 3/3 3/3 4/4 1/1 4/4 5/5 1/1 72
BZ A F BZSZ B * Upper end of bin
3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24-27 27-30 30-33 33-36 E(0.6m) 0ms 2/2 1/1 1/3 2/2 1/2 1/1 0/0 0/1 0/1 0/0 0/1 E(1.1m) 0ms 2/2 3/3 2/3 0/2 0/1 0/0 0/0 0/1
E(2.0m) 10ms 0/0 0/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 0/1 1/1
MINWARA Conference_Breaching 2-5May05.ppt
• Joint Air Force / Navy Program
• GPS – Aided Guidance- Guidance commands provided by INS; GPS aids INS- 2.5 meter CEP without target location error
• Affordable, Adverse Weather, Accurate Guidance Kit- Attaches to the existing 500, 1,000 and 2,000-lb
general purpose bombs- Uses controlled tail fin movements to guide the weapon
• Production Began May 1998- Current production rate is 3000 kits / month
JDAM
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Staggered Column
The effects against this target lay-down were sufficient for a cleared lane for an AAV equipped unit.
Beach Zone Test Eglin AFB - 12 September 2002
BZ Field Test vs. Threat Laydown (Static)
MINWARA Conference_Breaching 2-5May05.ppt
JABS Mission Planner / OBSCLR
• MP Predicted 50 Weapons - Lethality from Single Weapon Arena Tests
- Conservative Estimate
• OBSCLR Predicted 42 Weapons- Monte Carlo Analysis
- Accounts for Effects from Multiple Weapons
• Flight Demo Estimate- Based on Experience to Reduce Uncertainty
• Adjusted Weapon Laydown Due to Lower Water Levels- No Time to Run the MP or OBSCLR
• Dropped 42 Weapons
Sequence of Planning Events:
Brian AlmquistOffice of Naval Research
Voice: (703) 696-3351 Fax: (703) 696-2710 [email protected]
Presented toPresented to2005 MINWARA Conference on 2005 MINWARA Conference on
Sea Mine WarfareSea Mine Warfare
2323--26 May 200526 May 2005
MINWARA Conference_Breaching 2-5May05.ppt
BZ Lane Clearance DemoNAWC-CL Flight Test - 13 Jan 2004
After Back
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Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM)Unitary Warhead
Back
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BZ 3
Back
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JABS SZ Flight Test
BACK
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3 FT Fill
BACK
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BACK
Model
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Back
JABS BZ/SZ Lane Clearance DemoNAWC-CL Flight Test - 9 Sept 2004
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SZ Field Test vs. Threat Laydown (Static)
Back
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Chemical Dart vs. Mine in Water
Back
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HE Dart Test
Back
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MODS Sled Test
Back
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Back
NGFS Timed Tangential Release
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NGFS Timed Tangential ReleaseDarts on Target
Back
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MODS First Flight TestDecember 16, 2004
Back
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HYDRA-7 Dart Test
Back