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Debating : an introduction
Seminar on Debate
Central Sulawesi
October, 19 2010
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Getting to know debating
Debating is a clash of argumentations amongthe Government team and Opposition team
Everything starts from the word motion
Competitive debating aims to simulate aliving, breathing parliamentary debate
The soul of debating is to argue on policies, or
propositions of thought; good or bad,effective or not effective, useful or useless
Who shouts the loudest does not win!
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Competitive Debating 101
Situated in tournaments; competition of
supremacy among teams
The many formats; British Parliamentary,World Schools, Asian Parliamentary,
Australasian Parliamentary -> the generally
used formats
Winners of a debate is determined by a or a
team of adjudicator(s)
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Competitive Debating 102
Motion release; prepared and impromptu
Liason Officers; chairperson and timekeepers
Casebuilding time; a 30 minute preparationtime for team members only! Printed
materials are the only source of reference
allowed, no electronics.
Government team casebuilds inside the room,
Opposition team casebuilds outside the room.
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Competitive Debating 103
Except for British Parliamentary, a teamcomprises of 3 (three) debaters who would playthe role of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd speakers
A reply speaker closes the case for each team;this role can only be assumed by either the 1st
and/or 2nd speaker
Each substantive speaker (1st to 3rd) is allowed thesame duration of floor time, some formats withPOI times (contd in slide 15)
A reply speaker is usually given between 3 to 4minutes to conclude the teams case
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Competitive Debating 104 :
The map of chronologies
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What it looks like
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Keywords nice to take note of by now..
Motion
Casebuilding
Speaker roles Government/Positive/Proposition team
Opposition/Negative/Refuting team
Tournament format
Adjudicators
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World Style System It is a system applied in WSDC thus implemented also in
NSDC
World Style debate put emphasis on the philosophical
argumentation instead of the practical one.
The job of affirmative team is to propose that there is a
(or some) significant underlying principle(s) to supportthe motion reflected through the team stance
Meanwhile the oppositions job is to provide negation to
the particular stance. The main job of negative is to
simply proof that affirmative team is wrong. It is notimperative for negative to provide a solution.
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Depth of Debating 101
MOTION
Is the topic, a full propositional statement that stateswhat the debate is/shall be about
Usually proposes a policy, against the status quo, oraffirming the virtue (goodness) of a state or condition
A Government team must defend the motion, and theopposition team must negate the motion -> in a
nutshell what competitive debating is aboutEXAMPLE : This house would oblige Developed Nations to
grant development aids to the Developing Countries.
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Depth of Debating 102.1
Definition
Is a need to clarify what the debate is specificallyabout, per keyword of motion if necessary. But it
is not a dictionary explanation of per wordmeaning. But what room of debate the wordsformulate.
Scopes down a motion; to achieve a mutualagreement among both teams on theinterpretation of the motion thus the entry pointfor a debate -> room of debate
A Government team holds the right to determineand offer the definition of a debate, while the
opposition can accept, broaden or challenge the
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Depth of Debating 102.2
A definition is ideal if :
Provides interpretation of a motion that is logicaland acceptable by common sense
It is simply aimed to clarify the debate from themotion wording
In setting a definition there should be room foropposition to negate the debate
Examples of reasonable vs unreasonabledefinition.
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Depth of Debating 103.1
ARGUMENTS
Are points of view that supports the teamstance (support/refute)
It must be logical and make sense
Structure (the AREL theory)
1. Assertion
2. Reasoning3. Evidence/Example
4. Link Back
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Depth of Debating 103.2
Argument Management
Pool of arguments should be evenly and
strategically spread between the 1st
and 2nd
speakers.
Arguments should be consistent within the
teams main stance (theme/team line).
The workload of each speaker is distributed
and is called team split.
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Depth of Debating 104
REBUTTALS
Are responses on your opponents arguments
Its not as simple as accusing things
Simply saying your oppositions arguments areinferior does not constitute a good rebuttal
Rebuttals must logically explain and analyze the
weaknesses of an argument
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Depth of Debating 105
Points of Information (POI)
Allowance to briefly interrupt a standing speaker
Stand up, raise hand, and offer your POI
Standing speaker has absolute right toaccept/deny your POI
If given permission to POI, the maximum time is
15 seconds, so be concise! POI barging is a bad strategy for a team to do and
can be penalized!
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Depth of Debating 106
CASE of a team
All of the above from 101-105 is the anatomy
of the case of a team, which is practicallythe body of what the team is proposing in the
debate
The exciting part is that teams have mostly 30
minutes to do all of that, except for prepared
motions!
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Questions?
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Role of Speakers
1st : Lays out the basic fundaments of the teamscase, including elementary argumentations
2nd : Continues the case by responding, rebuild
the case and provide continuity analysis ofargumentations
3rd : Reviews the overall case of opponent andprovide a more thorough ballistics of response to
argument. No new matter!
Reply : Provide an overview of the debate andwhy their team deserves the debate
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Strategy that must not be named!!
DEFINITIONAL CHALLENGE
Highly not encouraged, it ends up in non-dynamicdebates
Only when the given definition is unfair andundebatable! -> Truistic, Squirelling, Tautological,Time Place setting
But when a challenge is needed, it becomescompulsory for the opposition team to execute!
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Questions?