ENGLISH GRAMMARBY

I GST AYU ADE PURNAMA SARI (1012021114) NI MADE ARIATI(1012021101)

PREFER & WOULD PREFER• Prefer to do or prefer – ing to say what you prefer

in general. Example:

I don’t like cities. I prefer to live in the country. Or I prefer living in the country.

• Would prefer to say what somebody want in particular situation(not in general). Example:

would you prefer tea or coffee?

• We say would prefer to do( not doing). Example :

I’d prefer to go by car.(not I’d prefer going).

• Would rather (I’d rather)= would prefer( to do) after would rather we use the infinitive without to. Example : I’d rather go by car (not to go)

• The negative is I’d rather not (do something).

• The structure ( I’d rather do something than do something else). Example : I’d rather stay at home than go to the beach.

• I’d rather you did something. When you want somebody to do something. Example:I’d rather you came with us.

• In this structure we use the past,but the meaning is present or future, not past.Exampe : I’d rather you cooked the dinner now.(not I’d rather you cook).

The negative form is I’d rather you didn’t.

Preposition (in/for/about/etc)+ing• If a preposition is followed by a verb, the verb

ends in – ing. ( preposition + ing). Examples: are you interested in working for us?

• Before –ing and after ing. Example:Before going out, I phoned Ari.what did you do after leaving school.

• By –ing( to say how something happens). Example: you can improve your English by reading more.

• Without- ing. Example: I ran ten km without stopping

• To –ing is often part of the invinitive(to do/ to see). Example: we decide to go out.• But to is also a preposition. Example:

We drove from Seririt to Singaraja.• If a preposition is followed by a verb,

the verb in- ing. Example: I prefer driving to travelling by plan.

BE/GET USED TO SOMETHING (I’M USED)

• I’m used to do something = it is not strange for me. Example: Ari lives alone for 15 years,it’s not strange for her ,she used to living alone.

• After be/ get used you cannot use the invinitive. (to do/to drive). We say: she is used to driving on the left. ( not she is used drive).

• But we used I am used to (to is a preposition) not mean a part of the invinitive. Example: ari is used to living alone

• I am used to doing something= something is not strange or new for me. Example : iam used to the weather in this country.• I am used to do something= I did

something regularly in the past but no longer do it. This structure only for the past not for present or future. Example: we used to live in small village, but now we live in London.

Verb+preposition + ing• The structure verb+ preposition(

in/for/etc)+object. Example : we talked about the problem.• If the object is another verb, it ends

–ing. Verb+preposition+ ing. Example:• We talked about going to London.

Some more verbs

• Succeed in• Insist of• Think of• Dream of• approve of decide against• Feel like• Look forward to• We say apologize to somebody for.

• Verb+ preposition+ somebody+ ing. Example: we are looking forward to ari coming here.• Some verbs can have structure (verb+

object+ preposition+ ing) example:• I Congratulated Ari on passing the

exam. • The following verbs have this

structure, they are :

Congratulate(on) Accuse(of) Suspect(of) Prevent(from) Stop(from) Thank(For) forgiveFor) Warn(againt) Some of these verbs are often used in the

passive. Example: I was accused of telling lies

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