Prediction and Preventionof Type 1 Diabetes
Helping to defuse the diabetes
The number of people in the world currently with type 1 diabetes is around17 million and increasing rapidly. Already there are hundreds of thousands ofdeaths directly resulting from the disease. In order to halt, and reverse thisrise we need to be able to detect and treat the disease at the earliestpossible stage, before physical symptoms become apparent.
2
Type 1time-bomb
Although there is still no cure for juvenile diabetes early detectioncan reduce the likelihood of long-term complications, bothimproving the quality of life and reducing the costs that resultfrom repeated hospitalizations. PerkinElmer Life and AnalyticalSciences methods provide the information needed to allowdoctors to prepare for treatment to delay or prevent clinical onsetof diabetes. As possibilities for therapy develop, the full valuebehind PerkinElmer’s early detection philosophy will be realized.
Global estimates of diabetes type 11985 - 2025 (Million)
25
20
15
10
5
01985 2000 2005 2010 2025
The number of cases of type 1 diabetes is increasing in almostall countries.
3
PerkinElmer Life andAnalytical Sciences probesspecific for HLA andnon–HLA alleles are currentlyused exclusively for researchto discover the genes involvedin conferring a genetic risk of,or protection from developingtype 1 diabetes.
To investigate which alleles are present, thegene segment of interest is amplified fromthe baby’s blood cells dried on a bloodcollection card.
This technique for large scale screening canidentify those children at risk and who thenneed careful follow up. This knowledgeincreases awareness and understanding inthe parents, which will ultimately lead tobetter care for the child.
Products for genetic testing*DQB1 probesDQA1 probesDRB1 probesCTLA-4/INS probes
*These products are available for researchpurposes only.
Genetic Screening to find those at risk
4
DQB1-hybridization assay
Blood spot sample
PCR amplificationreaction of thegene segmentof interest
Binding of the PCR product ontothe SA-well
Denaturation of thePCR-product
Hybridization withallele-specificprobes
Measurement ofEu/Sm and Tbsignal
stringentwashes
wash
wash
BTb
Eu
B
Eu EuEu
SmSmSm
Tb TbTb
B
B
5
Once the DNA in a blood sample is amplified,the presence of particular alleles relating totype 1 diabetes can be determined by ahybridization reaction using allele-specific,short oligo-nucleotides labeled withlanthanide chelates.
Autoantibody monitoring to
help fight disease onsetOnce the children at risk of developing
diabetes have been identified, they can
be monitored to indicate pre-clinical
development of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is a multifactorial, autoimmune diseaseinvolving the progressive destruction of the insulin-producing ß-cells of the islets of Langerhans in thepancreas. Approximately 95% of the cells are destroyedby the time clinical symptoms of the disease appear.Before this happens, certain autoantibodies appear in thecirculation of around 90% of individuals who will go onto develop the disease. Detecting these autoantibodies toGAD65, IA-2 and insulin by immunological methods canbe used to predict onset of the disease.
6
Products for autoantibodymonitoring*DELFIA GAD65 Ab KitDELFIA IA-2 Ab KitDELFIA IAA Kit
* These products areavailable for researchpurposes only.
Many new approaches are being explored in order to findmethods of preventing or delaying the onset of type 1diabetes. Regardless of how future treatment strategiesdevelop, PerkinElmer will have prepared the ground. Withits products, those at risk and those showing signs ofdisease can be identified.
MONITORI??
Sophisticated data
management for type1
diabetes researchers
7
PerkinElmer has developed sophisticated data managementsoftware specifically for diabetes type 1 researchers.
Purpose-designed tool for collecting and managing clinicalresearch data including• test results• demographics• weight & height• nutrition• infections• vaccinations• family connections
www.perkinelmer.com
1244
-972
1-03
Sep
tem
ber
2003
Prin
ted
in F
inla
nd b
y O
ffset
Hou
se O
y N
aant
ali 2
003
Worldwide Headquarters: PerkinElmer Life Sciences, 549 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118-2512 USA (800) 551-2121
In Europe: PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Imperiastraat 8, BE-1930 Zaventem Belgium +32 2 717 7911 / Turku, Finland, PO Box 10, +358 2 2678 111
Technical Support: in Europe: [email protected] in US and Rest of World: [email protected]
Belgium: Tel: 0800 94 540 • France: Tel: 0800 90 77 62 • Netherlands: Tel: 0800 02 23 042 • Germany: Tel: 0800 1 81 00 32 • United Kingdom: Tel: 0800 89 60 46
Switzerland: Tel: 0800 55 50 27 • Italy: Tel: 800 79 03 10 • Sweden: Tel: 020 79 07 35 • Norway: Tel: 800 11 947 • Denmark: Tel: 80 88 3477 • Spain: Tel: 900 973 255
Wallac and PerkinElmer are trademarks of PerkinElmer, Inc.