Download ppt - Practical Applications for Digital Audio Networking

Practical Applications for Practical Applications for Digital Audio Networking Digital Audio Networking

II II

Umberto Zanghieri - ZP Engineering srl(The Smart Guy who is not here today and would be happy to talk about this topic for two days)

Bob Vanden Burgt - Link USA/Link Italy(The Not So Smart Guy doing the Presentation who promises to be done inone hour)

People and Products connecting the world of entertainment


History of Digital Audio Networking

AES & Evolution of OSI Layers

The Current State of the Industry (fragmented at best)

Transport Protocol Wars

Remote Control & Monitoring

Connectivity Challenges & Practical Examples

Where are We Going from Here?


Analog DistributionAnalog Distribution


Digital DistributionDigital Distribution


Analog v. Digital CablingAnalog v. Digital Cabling


48-channel balanced analog multicore

Weight approx. 1,3 kg/m; 97 kg for 100m + 25kg cable drum

Cost approx. 20 times the cost of a CAT5e ruggedized cable

Outer diameter 28 mm

2 x CAT6 + 2 x AES (Eurocable)

Weight approx. 0,38 kg/m

Outer diameter 18 mm

vsvs

Moving Audio Around Moving Audio Around DigitallyDigitally in in a Live Production Environmenta Live Production Environment

Quality (Fidelity)Speed & Priority (Latency - milliseconds/microseconds, QoS)Synchronization (Clocking)Distance (Coax, CAT6, MMF, SMF)Flexibility / Compatibility (Topologies / Sharing Hardware)CostReliability / RedundancyCompatibility / Standards AES, IEEE


What do we need to care about?What do we need to care about?

History of Digital History of Digital Networking Networking


Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) & Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) & SamplingSampling

In 1924 while working for AT&T In 1924 while working for AT&T Harry Nyquist studied this Harry Nyquist studied this sampling technique and sampling technique and developed the Nyquist developed the Nyquist Sampling Theorem. This Sampling Theorem. This theorem states that an analog theorem states that an analog signal can be uniquely signal can be uniquely reconstructed, without error, reconstructed, without error, from samples taken at equal from samples taken at equal time intervals if the sampling time intervals if the sampling rate is equal to, or greater than, rate is equal to, or greater than, twice the highest frequency twice the highest frequency component in the analog signal.component in the analog signal.

Sampling Rate = 2(BW) = 2(3300 Sampling Rate = 2(BW) = 2(3300 Hz) = 6600 Samples per SecondHz) = 6600 Samples per Second

Pro Audio & PCMPro Audio & PCM


Linear PCM (uncompressed), typ. Wordlength (bit depth) from 16 to 24 bits with sampling Linear PCM (uncompressed), typ. Wordlength (bit depth) from 16 to 24 bits with sampling frequencies between 44-192kHzfrequencies between 44-192kHz

Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog signals. It is the standard form for digital audio in computers and various Blu-ray, DVD and signals. It is the standard form for digital audio in computers and various Blu-ray, DVD and Compact Disc formats, as well as other uses such as digital telephone systems. Compact Disc formats, as well as other uses such as digital telephone systems. A PCM A PCM stream is a digital representation of an analog signalstream is a digital representation of an analog signal, in which the magnitude of the analog , in which the magnitude of the analog signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals, with each sample being quantized to the signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals, with each sample being quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital steps.nearest value within a range of digital steps.

PCM streams have two basic properties that determine their fidelity to the original analog PCM streams have two basic properties that determine their fidelity to the original analog signal: the signal: the sampling ratesampling rate, which is the number of times per second that samples are , which is the number of times per second that samples are taken; and the taken; and the bit depthbit depth, which determines the number of possible digital values that each , which determines the number of possible digital values that each sample can take.sample can take.



Public Switched Telephone Network Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)(PSTN)

CoCoder-der-DecDecoder (CODEC) or ADC / DACoder (CODEC) or ADC / DAC

History of Digital History of Digital NetworkingNetworking

Pulse Code Modulation Pulse Code Modulation


Public Switched Telephone Network Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)(PSTN)

CODECs use a method CODECs use a method called Pulse Code called Pulse Code

Modulation (PCM) to Modulation (PCM) to convert the analog convert the analog signals to digital bit signals to digital bit streams. PCM uses a streams. PCM uses a

technique called sampling technique called sampling to obtain instantaneous to obtain instantaneous

voltage values at specific voltage values at specific times in the analog signal times in the analog signal

cycle. This sample cycle. This sample generates a Pulse generates a Pulse

Amplitude Modulated Amplitude Modulated (PAM) signal.(PAM) signal.

Audio-over-EthernetAudio-over-Ethernet


Linear PCM (Reference – CD is 16 bit resolution, 44.1kHz)Linear PCM (Reference – CD is 16 bit resolution, 44.1kHz)



Recording in the 1990’sRecording in the 1990’s•Digital Audio WorkstationsDigital Audio Workstations

•Token Ring Networks for Token Ring Networks for moving audio data (not real moving audio data (not real time) time)

•Evolution of the DSP > Why Evolution of the DSP > Why shouldn’t the transport be shouldn’t the transport be digital?digital?


AES Standards AES Standards


• 1985 AES3 – AES/EBU1985 AES3 – AES/EBU(RS422 Derived)(RS422 Derived)2 Channels @ 192kHz2 Channels @ 192kHz

• 1991 AES10 – MADI1991 AES10 – MADI (FDDI – Fibre Disrtib Data (FDDI – Fibre Disrtib Data

Interface)Interface)56 > 64 Channels @ 96kHz56 > 64 Channels @ 96kHz

• 2005 2005 AES50>SuperMAC/ AES50>SuperMAC/ HyperMAC (Midas-KT)HyperMAC (Midas-KT)24 Ch @ 96kHz/192 Ch @ 96kHz24 Ch @ 96kHz/192 Ch @ 96kHz



•multichannel, high channel count (~60 channels in each direction)multichannel, high channel count (~60 channels in each direction)

•audo channels are generally bundled in clustersaudo channels are generally bundled in clusters

•low latency (< 6 ms) but with DSP transport expectations = <1mslow latency (< 6 ms) but with DSP transport expectations = <1ms

•no packet loss in normal operating conditionsno packet loss in normal operating conditions

What is it?What is it?Deployment of an Ethernet network to transfer digital audio streams in real-timeDeployment of an Ethernet network to transfer digital audio streams in real-time

Linear PCM (uncompressed), typ. Wordlength (bit depth) from 16 to 24 bits with Linear PCM (uncompressed), typ. Wordlength (bit depth) from 16 to 24 bits with sampling frequencies between 44-192kHzsampling frequencies between 44-192kHz



64-channel balanced analog multicore (data from Eurocable)64-channel balanced analog multicore (data from Eurocable)

Weight Weight around 1,3 kg/m around 1,3 kg/m

Cost Cost around20 times the cost of a ruggedized CAT5e cable around20 times the cost of a ruggedized CAT5e cable

reroutingrerouting and and splittingsplitting are now possible - Splits are Free! are now possible - Splits are Free!(without manual changes to connections, without manual patch bays)(without manual changes to connections, without manual patch bays)

cables are less expensvie and less bulkycables are less expensvie and less bulky

redundancyredundancy at reasonable costs at reasonable costs

control data and audio transport can be combined on a single connectioncontrol data and audio transport can be combined on a single connection

Larger maximum distanceLarger maximum distance

(60-70 m with analog cables, ~ 100 m AoE on copper , ~2km AoE on fibre)(60-70 m with analog cables, ~ 100 m AoE on copper , ~2km AoE on fibre)

(AoE) – why?(AoE) – why?



1990 1990 10 Mbps (10baseT) 10 Mbps (10baseT)

1995 1995 100 Mbps (100baseTX) 100 Mbps (100baseTX)

1999 1999 1000 Mbps (1000baseT) 1000 Mbps (1000baseT)

1985 1985 IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3

1980 1980 Ethernet Ethernet

2002-2008 2002-2008 10 Gbps (10GbaseT) 10 Gbps (10GbaseT)

2010 - 12 2010 - 12 Ethernet AVB Ethernet AVB

Enough bandwidth for reasonable multichannel Enough bandwidth for reasonable multichannel operationoperation

Hundreds of channels can be allocatedHundreds of channels can be allocated

Used for first AoE implementations CobraNetUsed for first AoE implementations CobraNet

EthernetEthernet transport (IEEE 802.3)transport (IEEE 802.3)

2007-2011 2007-2011 40/100 Gbps 40/100 Gbps

Ethernet (IEEE Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)802.3)


Bitrate in Gigabits

1983

IEEE 802.3

19901995

19992006

2010

40100

10

10.10.01

19801973


Bitrate in Gigabits

1983

IEEE 802.3

19901995

19992006

2010

40100

10

10.10.01

1980

Ethernet(Metcalfe & Boggs)

1973

ARPANET: first msg sent

TCP specs(Vint Cerf

& Bob Khan)

Ethernet (IEEE Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)802.3)


1

2

3

4

5

6

7 APPLICATION

PRESENTATION

SESSION

TRANSPORT

NETWORK

DATA LINK

PHYSICAL Media, Signals, Binary Transmission

Physical Addressing

Routing of data andLogical addressing

End-to-end connectionAnd reliability

Comms setup Between devices

Data representationAnd encryption

Network to application

HO

ST LA

YER

SM

ED

IA LA

YER

S

ISO/OSI protocol layersISO/OSI protocol layers


Protocol layersProtocol layers

1 PHYSICAL LAYER

Related to bit flow (via radio, light or electric pulses), through the network, at the electrical and mechanical level.

It includes the definition of cables, cards.


Related to aggregation of bits in data packets. It includes error handling at the physical level and frame synchronization.

2 DATA LINK LAYER


Ethernet frame 304 bits of overhead (preamble, addresses, type, CRC) data block: from 46 to 1500 bytes

Inter frame gap (IFG) 96 bits of “spacing” between packets (minimum)

(100BaseT)


Ethernet framesEthernet frames

0%

100%

50%

1 16 32 48 64 80 Number of channels in payload

12

3

1

Number of samples in

payload

Bitrate Usage usec

@48kHz

20.8

62.5

250.0Assumptions:• 100BaseT• 48 kHz SR• 24-bit samples• Ethernet frames (no IP)• NO aux data

Assumptions:• 100BaseT• 48 kHz SR• 24-bit samples• Ethernet frames (no IP)• NO aux data

!! 32%

!! 11%

1-sample buffer, 1 to 15 audio channels need 32% of the bandwidth!!

3-sample buffer, 1 to 5 audio channels need 11% of the bandwidth!!



It offers data packets switching e routing methods, through the creation of paths to transmit data from one node to the other(s).

It includes routing, forwarding, addressing, internetworking functionalities, error handling, congestion control.

3 NETWORK LAYER


Data traffic optimization for AoEData traffic optimization for AoE

Cluster with many channels and low latency

optimal bandwidth usage

optimal bandwidth usageCluster with few channels and higher latency

Ethernet – Evolution of Ethernet – Evolution of OSIOSI

Layer 1 Protocols i.e. A-Net, REAC, Rocknet, AES50

Layer 2 Protocols i.e.EtherSound, CobraNet

Layer 3/4 Protocols i.e. Dante, Livewire, Q-Lan / Q-Sys, RAVENNA,

Emerging Standards - AVB


Linear PCMLinear PCMrequirementsrequirements


ADCADC

One audio channelOne audio channel24-bit PCM24-bit PCM

48 kHz 96 kHz 192 kHz

1.15 Mbps1.15 Mbps 2.30 Mbps2.30 Mbps 4.60 Mbps4.60 Mbps

format Channels Protocol Protocol overheadoverhead

Bit rate (48 kHz)Bit rate (48 kHz) Bit rate (96 Bit rate (96 kHz)kHz)

AES/EBUAES/EBU 2 (48, 96, 192 kHz)2 (48, 96, 192 kHz) 25%25% 3 Mbps3 Mbps 6 Mbps6 Mbps

ADATADAT 8 (48 kHz)8 (48 kHz) 25%25% 12.3 Mbps12.3 Mbps 24.5 Mbps24.5 Mbps

ANALOG ANALOG SIGNALSIGNAL

bitratesbitrates


-- MADI --56 ch 64 ch

ADAT-------------- AES3 --------------

44.1 kHz 48 kHz 96 kHz192 kHz

Linear Video Linear Video RequirementsRequirements


3G-SDI

HD-SDI

raw 720p

SD-SD

I

CCIR-601(PAL)CCIR-601

MADI

64 ch @48 kHz

Linear Video Linear Video RequirementsRequirements


3G-SDI

HD-SDI

raw 720p

SD-SD

I


MADI

64 ch @48 kHz

bitratesbitrates


3G-SDI

HD-SDI

raw 720p

SD-SD

I


1280 x 7204:4:4, 8-bit, 60

fps

720 x 4864:2:2, 8-bit, 29,97 fps

1080p (fullHD)1920 x 1080

4:4:4, 8-bit, 60 fps

64 ch @48 kHz

MADI







CobranetCobranet

• designed on 10 Mbps networks in the 90s, compatible with modern networksdesigned on 10 Mbps networks in the 90s, compatible with modern networks• sync propogation (audio clock) with beat packetssync propogation (audio clock) with beat packets• over 1 million nodes installed worldwideover 1 million nodes installed worldwide• designed in USA by Peak Audiodesigned in USA by Peak Audio• available as an OEM moduleavailable as an OEM module• the technology has been acquired by a silicon foundrythe technology has been acquired by a silicon foundry• now available on a single chipnow available on a single chip• switch-compatible protocolswitch-compatible protocol• non-audio data traffic can interferenon-audio data traffic can interfere• latency = 1.33-5 ms, allows routing of low-channel count clusters (bundles)latency = 1.33-5 ms, allows routing of low-channel count clusters (bundles)



EthersoundEthersound

• designed for 100 Mbps networksdesigned for 100 Mbps networks• uses all the available bandwidth, to transfer the maximum number of channelsuses all the available bandwidth, to transfer the maximum number of channels• designed for maximum reliability and minimum latency (125 us)designed for maximum reliability and minimum latency (125 us)• designed in France by Digigramdesigned in France by Digigram• available and an OEM module and under licenseavailable and an OEM module and under license• compatiile with some switches (verified by the technology provider)compatiile with some switches (verified by the technology provider)• does not allow simultaneous non/audio data trafficdoes not allow simultaneous non/audio data traffic



AES50, HyperMACAES50, HyperMAC

• designed by Sony Oxford labsdesigned by Sony Oxford labs• adopted by Midas / Klark Teknikadopted by Midas / Klark Teknik• now promoted by Midas/KlarkTeknik now promoted by Midas/KlarkTeknik • AES50: audio and clock transmission over cat5 and 100BaseTAES50: audio and clock transmission over cat5 and 100BaseT• 48x48 ch @ 48 kHz48x48 ch @ 48 kHz• 24x24 ch @ 96 kHz24x24 ch @ 96 kHz• HyperMAC: 256x256 ch on 1000BaseT HyperMAC: 256x256 ch on 1000BaseT



DanteDante

• designed for 1 Gbps networks, external branches can go at 10 Mbpsdesigned for 1 Gbps networks, external branches can go at 10 Mbps• clock recovery is based on packet timestamping (IEEE-1588) clock recovery is based on packet timestamping (IEEE-1588) • compatible with non-audio traffic (switches need management configuration) compatible with non-audio traffic (switches need management configuration) • designed in Australia by Audinatedesigned in Australia by Audinate• available as an OEM module available as an OEM module • native driver on host native driver on host • high-performance PCI-Express card available (128x128 ch at 96 kHz)high-performance PCI-Express card available (128x128 ch at 96 kHz)


Host audio driver (Mac, Win)

ASIO / CoreAudio

You need at least one hw device in the network

Latency = 4, 6 or 10 ms 24-bit audio

Ethernet port

48 kHz24-bit

96 kHz24-bit

100 Mbit 32x32 16x16

1 Gigabit 64x64 32x32

Max channel count



Partial List of Dante ImplementorsPartial List of Dante Implementors

Allen & Heath AuvitranAllen & Heath AuvitranBOSCHBOSCHDiGiCoDiGiCoDolbyDolbyEVEVFocusriteFocusriteLAB.GRUPPENLAB.GRUPPENLakeLakeLinkLinkMedia MatrixMedia MatrixTEQSASTEQSASTurboSoundTurboSoundWhirlwindWhirlwindYamahaYamaha

How Many More RJ45 How Many More RJ45 Jacks…?Jacks…?


The Digital ChallengeThe Digital Challenge


Digital Networking Digital Networking TodayToday

The Current State of the Industry

Transport Protocol Wars, It’s a Mess with HOPE!

Many are Proprietary

Lack of easy digital interoperability

Require multiple cabling topologies and disparate signal types

Non Standard or Specialized Equipment

Remote Control & Monitoring for is a Completely Separate Issue (Open Control Alliance)



The Digital ChallengeThe Digital Challenge


AES-EBUAES-EBU MADIMADI CobraNetCobraNet EtherSouEtherSoundnd DanteDante AVBAVB

DigicoDigico xx75 Ohm 75 Ohm

CoaxCoaxWith SD With SD

RackRack DemoDemo

AvidAvidVenue Venue ProfileProfile

xx75 Ohm 75 Ohm

CoaxCoax xx

SoundcrafSoundcrafttViVi

xx CAT5/7CAT5/7 CAT5CAT5 CAT 5CAT 5 xx xx

YamahaYamahaM7 CL ESM7 CL ES xx MYMY MYMY NativeNative MYMY

YamahaYamaha New CLNew CL xx MYMY MYMY MYMY NativeNative DemoDemo


Solution ExamplesSolution Examples


Some “Real World” ExperienceSome “Real World” Experience

AES/EBU Drive + Canbus D&B

PM1D, Link Yamaha system

Midas Pro6 AES50 & HyperMAC

Avid Venue with 6x75 Cable

PM5D, Dante, Dglink,

M7CL ES, EtherSound / Dante DGLink, LabGruppen

Digico SD7, SD Rack, 6 x75 Cable

Video solutions


CS1D/DSP1DCS1D/DSP1D


50 Ohm Coax Control

75 Ohm Coax Word Clock

8 – AES-EBU

34 Pair 26 AWG SCSI

AES Drive & RemoteAES Drive & Remote


6 / 12 / 24 AES-EBU

2 CAT6

LKA 54 or 85 Pin Connector

MADI with MulticoreMADI with Multicore


Dual PM5D Dual PM5D Ethersound Ethersound


LS9-32 DanteLS9-32 Dante


M7CL Hybrid M7CL Hybrid ES/DanteES/Dante


AES50 & HyperMACAES50 & HyperMAC


AES50 & HyperMACAES50 & HyperMAC


Nobel Peace Prize 2008, Oslo Nobel Peace Prize 2008, Oslo


PRI

SEC

Redundant Dante with LabGruppen PLM Redundant Dante with LabGruppen PLM Series AmplifiersSeries Amplifiers

What about Video?What about Video?


“ “Mixed” Mixed” EnvironmentEnvironment


““Mixed” EnvironmentMixed” Environment


Recent ActivityRecent Activity



Olympic Handover, LondonOlympic Handover, London

40000 people

One-day event at The Mall park

HP Procurve 2524 switch24-pt 10/100

Mbit

Cisco Catalyst 3500 switch8-pt Gigabit

AudVidBridge & AudVidBridge & DanteDante


Recent AVB Recent AVB ConferenceConference

• The Live World - Jim Risgin - Onstage Audio• “Talkers & Listeners”

• It’s all about “Channels & Stream Reservation”

• “Easy & Just Works”

• “Instant Discovery”

• “We’ve Taken the configuration out of the picture”

• “Transport is Easy” DSP Remote Control is a different story


““Help is on the Horizon!” Help is on the Horizon!” One Perspective from the Real WorldOne Perspective from the Real World


QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Recent AVB Recent AVB ConferenceConference

• The Integrator’s World - Vickram Kirby - Thinkwell Designs• Clocking has historically been the

biggest challenge

• Interfacing & Interoperability without a “per port” license fee

• “Learn how to use Wire Shark!”

• Still using VLANS to “Harden” our network (53 VLANS of Cobranet)

• Configure a spare port for every VLAN


What to ExpectWhat to ExpectHold on for the RideHold on for the Ride

• Open Control Alliance (OCA) “the other piece of the puzzle”

• Dante is a viable Solution Available Today and will be Future Compatible with AVB

• AVB / AVnu Alliance will gain traction but may not be as “Open” as reported

• Link will Continue to Track & Support Multiple Options



THANK YOUTHANK YOUUmberto Zanghieri – ZP Engineering S.r.l.

Bob Vanden Burgt - Link USA

• [email protected]

Slides & References

www.linkusa-inc.com


http://www.linkusa-inc.com/