Presentation on power supplies
Prince kumar kushwaha 0902EC101053
Power Supplies
• Power supplies provide the necessary power, voltage and current requirements for electronic devices.
• They usually change ac to dc voltage.– For example, 120 volts ac is changed to 13.8 volts
dc.
Power SuppliesConsist of:
1. Transformer – steps ac voltage up or down.
2. Rectifier Diodes – change ac to “bumpy” dc.
3. Filter Network – includes capacitors and inductors, smooths out the bumps.
4. Voltage Regulator – keeps the voltage constant.
5. Protection – usually a crowbar circuit.
Power Supply SpecificsHalf Wave – Full Wave
Rectifier
Power Supply SpecificsBridge Rectifier
Rectifier Comparison
Rectifiers – Half Wave• Rectifiers are semiconductor diodes that conduct in
only one direction. Today, most rectifier diodes are made of silicon.
Diode Ratings
• Increase current capacity by putting additional diodes in parallel.
• Increase voltage capacity by putting additional diodes in series.
• Voltage rating 1.4 RMS minimum.
Power Supply Filters
• Use large coils (called chokes) and capacitors to “fill in” the gaps between ripples in the incoming pulsating dc.
• AC “hum” results from improper filtering.– Pulling too much current from power supply.– Failed component (particularly capacitor).
• “Wall-Warts” generally do not produce quality dc.– Generally produce pulsating dc to charge
batteries.
Filter Network
Capacitors and inductors are used in power supply filter networks. The capacitors and inductors smooth out the “bumpy” ac to dc.
Important Concepts• Half Wave Rectifier:
– Simplest.– Hard to filter well.
• Full Wave Rectifier:– Easier to filter.– Requires transformer with center-tap.– Transformer secondary must be twice intended voltage.
• Bridge Rectifier:– Easier to filter (just like full wave).– Center-tap transformer not required.– Transformer secondary same as intended voltage.– Higher parts count.
Power Supply Safety
Power Supply Safety
Power Supply Safety
• Grounding is important.• Connection integrity is important.
– Somewhere neutral and ground are connected together.
• Miss-wired “hot” lead will lead to a hot chassis someplace.
Power Supply Safety
• Filter capacitors hold a charge a long time.• They charge to the output voltage of the
power supply.• Bleeder resistors across the filter
capacitors “bleed off” charge when supply is turned off.
Bleeder Resistors• A bleeder resistor is installed across the filter
capacitors as a safety feature to make sure that the capacitors are discharged.
Switching-Mode Power Supplies
Switching Power Supplies
Switching Power Supplies
• The advantage of a switching-mode power supply is that the relatively high frequency oscillator allows the use of small, lightweight and low-cost transformers.
• This makes them considerably smaller and lighter than linear power supplies. Almost all modern powers supplies, including those in PCs, are switching mode power supplies. Their disadvantages are complexity and RF egress (interference).
Switching Power SuppliesIn a switched mode power supply, the first step in converting 120 V ac to a 12 V dc output is to rectify and filter the 120 V.