A seminar report on

BY

D.VENKATA SESHAIAH

The fact that thermal energy is the major source of power generation itself shows the importance of thermal power generation in India.

In steam power plants, the heat of combustion of fossil fuels (coal, oil or gas) is utilized by the boiler to raise steam at high pressure and temperature

The steam so produced is used in driving the steam turbines or sometimes steam engines coupled to generators and thus in generating electrical energy.

Introduction of Steam Power plant

Lay out of steam power plant

Operation

Reliability

Minimum capital cost Less space is required in comparison with that for hydroelectric plants.

Merits

Minimum operating and maintenance

Demerits High maintenance and operating costs. Pollution of atmosphere due to fumes and residues from pulverized fuels.

Fuel used in cheaper

Design of Steam power plant

In hydro- electric plants energy of water is utilized to move the turbines which in turn the electric generators.

The energy of water utilized for power generation may be kinetic or potential.

First hydro- electric station was probably started in America in 1882 and there after development took place very rapidly.

In India the first hydro-electric development of 4.5 MW capacity named as Sivasamudram scheme in Mysore was commissioned in 1902.

Introduction

Lay out of hydro- electric power plant

Working of hydro-electric power plant

An artificial storage reservoir is formed by constructing a dam

across a river (or lake) and a pressure tunnel is taken off from the

reservoir to the valve house at the start of the penstock

The valve house contains main sluice valves for controlling

water flow to the power station and automatic isolating valves for

cutting off water supply in case the penstock bursts.

The water turbine converts hydraulic energy into mechanical

energy

Selection of site for a hydro- electric power plant:

Availability of water

Water storage

Water head

Accessibility of the site

Distance from load centre

Type of the land of site.

Advantages and disadvantages of hydro-electric plants

Advantages:

No fuel charges

An hydro electric plant is highly reliable

Maintenance and operation charges are very

low

Disadvantages:

The initial cost of the plant is very high

It takes considerable long time for the

erection of such plants.

Conclusion:

The modern society is so much dependent upon the usefulness of electrical energy and it has become the part

and parcel of our life.

Electricity generation and transmission progresses in the country are very inefficient in comparison with those

of some advanced countries.

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