BY ABHISHEK PANDEY
“11EBKIT001”
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN
INDIA
BY ABHISHEK
PANDEY “11EBKIT001”
CONTENTSIntroductionNuclear reactionNuclear fission processNuclear chain reactionConstituents of Nuclear power plantNuclear Reactor(Main parts)Types of power reactors commonly usedNuclear energy deal in India
Nuclear Power Plants in India
Nuclear Reaction:-A projectile is takenMass-Energy conversion acc. to Einstein’s equation
Nuclear Fission process:-In this process heavy nucleus is splitted and release high energy1 fission of U-235 causes 230 mev energy
Nuclear chain Reaction
When a neutron hits a U-235 3 neutrons produced“Chain reaction is defined as a fission reaction where neutron from the previous reaction continue to propagate and repeat the reaction”
Constituents of Nuclear power plant and layout
Nuclear ReactorMain parts:- 1.Reactor core
2.Moderator 3.Control rods 4.Coolant 5.Reflector 6.Thermal shielding
Power Reactors in common useBoiling water Reactor(BWR)Pressurized water Reactor(PWR)Heavy water cooled and moderated(CANDU TYPE) ReactorGas Cooled ReactorLiquid metal cooled Reactor
1.Boiling Water ReactorFuel used is rich in uranium oxide.Ordinary water is used as both moderator and coolant.Low thermal efficiency.Can’t meet sudden increase of load.
A BWR in Practice
2: Pressurized Water Reactor(PWR)Advantages:
CompactnessIsolation of radio active system from main steam systemCheap light water used as both moderator and coolant
Disadvantages:Strong pressure vessel is requiredFormation of low temp. steam
High losses from heat exchangerHigh power consumption from auxilarities
Advanced Reactor Designs Under Consideration
GE-Hitachi ABWR – NRC Certified (1997) Westinghouse AP1000 – NRC Certified (2005)GE-Hitachi ESBWR – Under NRC Review AREVA US-EPR – Under NRC review Mitsubishi US-APWR – Under NRC Review
Indian Nuclear Program: The Present Status12 PHWR & 2 BWR now under operation4 PHWR and 2 LWR under commission2950 MW generation & 3000 MW under
commissionSuccessful experiments with Fast Breeder Test
Reactor (FBTR) Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) for
500MWe under constructionAdvanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) using
(Pu-Th) O2 MOX for 300MWe: advanced stage of design approval; construction soon to begin.
Reactor GenerationsGen I
Prototypes in 50’s & 60’s
Gen II70’s & 80’sToday’s Operational
ReactorsBWR, PWR, CANDU, …
Gen IIIABWR, APWRApproved 90’sSome Built around the
World
Gen III+Current Advanced
Designs in the Approval Process
Pebble Bed ReactorGen IV
Deploy in 2030EconomicalSafeMinimize WasteReduce Proliferation
MAKING INDIA A NUCLEAR POWERIndia 1948:-It was pt.
Jawaharlal Nehru initiated India’s Nuclear energy program
India 1967:-It was Indira Gandhi initiated India’s Nuclear weapons program
INDIA AFTER 2000India 2005:-It was Dr.
Manmohan Singh signed 123 agreement.
India 2009:-Manmohan Singh is again interested to increase India’s civilian Nuclear energy
India has signed “Civil Nuclear Trade Agreement”.