PORIFERAPORIFERA

Made by Ladonna G and Quan HMade by Ladonna G and Quan H

All about sponges. All about sponges.

• Sponges-are aquatic animals that make up the phylum porifera.

• Sponges have no gastrula stage, exhibit less cell specialization than most other animals and have no true tissues or organs.

• About 150 species live in fresh water.• Adult sponges are Sessile, means they attach

themselves firmly to a surface and do not move.

AdaptationsAdaptations

In some sponges, support is provided by a In some sponges, support is provided by a simple skeleton made of a network of simple skeleton made of a network of protein fibers called sponging. protein fibers called sponging.

Other sponges have skeletons consisting Other sponges have skeletons consisting spicules, tiny, hard particles of calcium spicules, tiny, hard particles of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide that are often carbonate or silicon dioxide that are often shaped like spikes.shaped like spikes.

Interesting FactsInteresting Facts Brown Encrusting Brown Encrusting

Octopus Sponge Octopus Sponge ((Ectyoplasia feroxEctyoplasia ferox):): numerous raised oscula numerous raised oscula with a light colored lip. with a light colored lip. Extensions resemble Extensions resemble octopus tentacles.octopus tentacles.

Free standing sponge. Free standing sponge. Sometime they grow into Sometime they grow into strange and gigantic size.strange and gigantic size.

Sponges Orange. Sponges Orange. One of One of many bright sponges seen many bright sponges seen in Indonesia in Indonesia

Brown encrusting Brown encrusting octopus sponge.octopus sponge.

Sponge orange.Sponge orange.

How Do Sponges Reproduces?• Most sponge are both male and

females. • During mating an sponge play the male

role while the other sponge play the female. (Even though both are capable of playing either roles.)

• After internal fertilization ,Larvae is released. After floating around for a few days they settle down and start growing.

Sponges Systems Sponges Systems

Muscular-Skeletal- A sponge is a hollow Muscular-Skeletal- A sponge is a hollow tube with many pores or openings. The tube with many pores or openings. The skeleton is made of lime or silicon.skeleton is made of lime or silicon.

Nervous- A sponge has a very low level Nervous- A sponge has a very low level reaction to the world around it.reaction to the world around it.

Excretion- A sponge has carbon dioxide Excretion- A sponge has carbon dioxide and other wastes removed as the water and other wastes removed as the water moves in and out through the pores.moves in and out through the pores.

Symmetry- A sponge has either radial Symmetry- A sponge has either radial symmetry or is asymmetrical.symmetry or is asymmetrical.

Coloration Coloration

Coloration- A sponge Coloration- A sponge is white, red, orange, is white, red, orange, green, yellow, brown, green, yellow, brown, purple, black and purple, black and gray.gray.

Humans Interaction with Humans Interaction with poriferaporifera

(good or bad?) (good or bad?) It can be good or bad and here is why:It can be good or bad and here is why: The reason why it can be good is because The reason why it can be good is because

the collar cells force water through the the collar cells force water through the sponge which brings oxygen and nutrients sponge which brings oxygen and nutrients while removing carbon dioxide and waste. while removing carbon dioxide and waste. Which means that it helps clean the water Which means that it helps clean the water for swimmer to swim.for swimmer to swim.

The reason why it can be bad is because The reason why it can be bad is because sponges produce a large variety of toxin. sponges produce a large variety of toxin. The intended function of these toxins is to The intended function of these toxins is to ward off predators that would otherwise ward off predators that would otherwise feed on the sponges. feed on the sponges.

Is it eaten by humans?Is it eaten by humans?

►The answer is no it doesn't get eaten The answer is no it doesn't get eaten by humans.by humans.

Elephant ear sponge.Elephant ear sponge. Agelas clathrodesAgelas clathrodes, the , the

aptly named Elephant Ear aptly named Elephant Ear Sponge, right size (to a Sponge, right size (to a meter and a half across), meter and a half across), Inhabit reefs and walls; Inhabit reefs and walls; prefer areas with some prefer areas with some water movement Kingdom:water movement Kingdom:AnimaliaAnimalia

Phylum:Phylum:PoriferaPorifera Class:Class:DemospongiaeDemospongiae Order:AgelasidaOrder:Agelasida Family:AgelasidaeFamily:Agelasidae Genus:AgelasGenus:Agelas Species:Species:Agelas Agelas

clathrodesclathrodes

Stove Pipe Sponge

Aplysina archeri, the Stove Pipe Sponge. Long thin tubes of lavander, gray or brown. Soft to the touch. Tropical West Atlantic. Some groups of tubes can reach well over one meter A single tube can be 5ft. high and 3in. thick.Kingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:PoriferaClass:DemospongiaeOrder:VerongidaFamily:AplyisinidaeGenus: AplysinaSpecies:A.Archeri

Brown Tube Sponge.Brown Tube Sponge.

• Agelas coniferaAgelas conifera, the Brown , the Brown Tube Sponge. Typically Tube Sponge. Typically smooth walled, brown to tan smooth walled, brown to tan in color, smooth, velvety in in color, smooth, velvety in appearance. Grow in clusters, appearance. Grow in clusters, joined at base. There holes joined at base. There holes are so big that fishes can live are so big that fishes can live in them.in them.

• Kingdom:AnimaliaKingdom:Animalia• Phylum:PoriferaPhylum:Porifera• Class:DemospongiaeClass:Demospongiae• Order:AgelasidaOrder:Agelasida• Family:AgelasidaeFamily:Agelasidae• Genus:AgelasGenus:Agelas• Species:Agelas coiferaSpecies:Agelas coifera

Videos Videos

http://www.videopediaworld.com/video/http://www.videopediaworld.com/video/14189/The-World-of-Animals-Phylum-14189/The-World-of-Animals-Phylum-Porifera Porifera

http://planetgreen.discovery.com/videos/g-http://planetgreen.discovery.com/videos/g-word-green-tech-smart-sponge.html word-green-tech-smart-sponge.html

References

Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Modern Biology. Austin: Holt,Rinehart and Winston, 2002. Print. Book