TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Policy Defined Radioand
Professional Certification--------
A Study of Developments in Wireless Technology
and theInternational Association of Radio and Telecommunications Engineers
(iNARTE)
Prepared forB.E.A.R.S. Seminar at Baylor University
November 14 2008
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Better use of Spectrum
Spectrum Efficiency (b/s/Hz)
New spectrum management paradigm
International agreements including global circulation of terminals
Data load
Range
Security
Technology Obstacles for Wireless Interoperability
Quality of service (real-time)
Reliability (asynchronous)
Power consumption
Homologation
Technology migration
Cost
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Policy Defined Radio
Cognitive Radio
Adaptive Radio
Reconfigurable radio
Smart radio
Software Defined Radio
Fixed Function Devices
Ultra Wideband
Technologies and Initiatives
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
• Spectrum management– “Command and Control” will not take us into the future– Legal and economic debate, should spectrum be treated as a
property right? Is it better treated as a public commons, perhaps with use leasing?
– Simulations show 80-100 X improved use
• Network management– Improved quality of service– Adaptive assignment of resources– Use of ontologies
(John get’s gold service)
Focus Issues
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
The Spectrum Problem
RF spectrum is a limited resource.
Demand for wireless applications is exploding.
Using the current “command and control” methods of spectrum management we are running out of spectrum.
Some frequencies have special properties making the highly desirable for some applications.
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
All Spectrum Is Assigned, But…
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
… Most Spectrum Is UnusedMaximum Amplitudes
Frequency (MHz)
Am
plid
ue (d
Bm
)
Heavy UseHeavy Use
Sparse UseSparse Use
Heavy UseHeavy Use
Medium UseMedium Use
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
• Spectrum Occupancy Study Goals
• Test Descriptions• Spectrum Occupancy
Measurements• Methods to Extract
Transmitter Parameters
NYC report available:http://www.sharedspectrum.com/?section=measurements
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Measurement Location and Antennas
Faraday cage used to reduce undesired collection equipment RF noise
Location had excellent line-of-sight to NYC
LPA antenna 1000-3000 MHz Discone antenna 30-1000 MHz
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
High Utilization (Public Safety Band)
High Bandwidth, Spread Spectrum Signal
Upper Bound (Frequency Resolution 65 MHz/501=130 kHz/bin)
50% Duty Cycle is too High, 19% Utilization Measured Using Small Frequency Bins (450-455 MHz)
17% Duty Cycle
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Low Utilization Band
Less Than 1% Apparent Duty Cycle
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Mid-Level Utilization – TX Aux Band
Mobile Video Links
Upper Bound (Frequency Resolution 120 MHz/501=240 kHz/bin)
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Developing the Technology and System Concepts to Dynamically Access Available Spectrum
ReactFormulate Best
Course of Action
ReactReactFormulate Best Formulate Best
Course of ActionCourse of Action
AdaptTransition
network to new emission plan
AdaptAdaptTransition Transition
network to new network to new emission plan emission plan
CharacterizeRapid waveform
determination
CharacterizeCharacterizeRapid waveform Rapid waveform
determinationdetermination
SenseReal time, Low-
power, wideband monitoring
SenseSenseReal time, LowReal time, Low--
power, wideband power, wideband monitoringmonitoring
AutonomousAutonomousDynamic Dynamic SpectrumSpectrumUtilizationUtilization
Goal: Harvest and reuse spectrum in real time
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Dynamic spectrum access has been made possible by the convergence of
new developments in:
computer science, software engineering and
radio engineers.
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
The Network Management Problem
Increasing expectations for quality of service.
Optimizing network performance. In real-time. Allow organizations to set their own priorities.
Selection among radio access technologies.
Context sensitive regulations.
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Policy-Based Controls• Policy Framework
– Implementations Must Fit With National And International Regulations
– Algorithms Must be Adaptable
• Regional and operational situations• Evolving policies
• Policy-Based “Metalanguage”– Translates Policy Rules Into Radio Behavior Controls– Decouples Technology From Regulatory Process– Control Operation Based on Policies and Situations– Use Semantic Web Technologies (DAML/OIL/OWL)
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Sense
High Level Architecture
SystemStrategyReasonerRadio
PlatformPolicy
Reasoner
DeviceConfiguration
SystemPolicy
AccreditedPolicy
Transmit
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Concept of Operation
Develop Develop RequestRequest
RF Resource Request
Process Process RequestRequest
Determine Determine
OpportunitiesOpportunitiesSelect Select
OpportunitiesOpportunitiesRF
Transmit Plan
Bound: Yes/NoUnbound: Binding
Constraints
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Principle of Policy Defined Radio
• Suitable for Range of Architectural Implementations– Centralized and decentralized
• Identify “Interference-Preventing” Core Set– Extensible to other features (subleasing, microcharging,...)
• Separate Policies From Engineering– Avoid advocacy for specific spectrum sharing policies
• Provide For Richness/Complexity of Policies– Regulations neither flat nor hierarchical
• Allow For Diversity of Policy Sources– Peer-Peer and hierarchical policy authorities– Enable extension to “cognitive” optimizing logic
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Levels of Policy Regulation
RegionalRegional
NationalNational NationalNational
Gov’tGov’t Non-Gov’tNon-Gov’t
AgenciesAgencies Commercial & Civil Commercial & Civil OwnersOwners
DoDDoDServicesServices
UnitUnit UnitUnit UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUser
Interference
Interference
Prevention
Prevention
QOS, Cost
QOS, Cost Optimization
Optimization
Policy AuthorityPolicy Authority
PolicyPolicy FocusFocus Ontology-Based Policy Controls Enable Combining Ontology-Based Policy Controls Enable Combining
and Processing Rules From Multiple Authoritiesand Processing Rules From Multiple Authorities
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Core Theories of Innovation
Sustaining vs disruptive innovation
Value formula theory
Low end & new market disruption
Resources, processes and values theory
Value chain theory
Integration vs modularity
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Low End Disruption
Time
Ret
urn
on In
vest
Effo
rt or
Res
ourc
es (R
OI)
Incr
ease
d Q
ualit
y
Establis
hed C
ompany
Impro
ving Q
uality
Incr
ease
d Q
ualit
y &
Pro
fit M
argi
n
Customer’s Need/Desire for Quality
Customer’s Need/Desire for Quality
Customer’s Need/Desire for Quality
Disruptiv
e Entra
nt
Impro
ving Q
uality
Incr
ease
d Q
ualit
y &
Pro
fit M
argi
n
Customer’s Need/Desire for Quality
Customer’s Need/Desire for Quality
Customer’s Need/Desire for Quality
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Sustaining or Disruptive?
Most innovations can be nurtured to be sustaining or disruptive.
Incumbents welcome sustaining innovations that solve their current problems or the problems of their current customers.
Incumbents resist or oppose innovations that are disruptive.
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Policy Defined Radioand
iNARTE
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
What is iNARTE?• iNARTE was established
in 1982 as a result of Government deregulation.
• A Non-Profit Certifying body.
• Programs in:– Telecommunications– Wireless– EMC– ESD– Product Safety
• An FCC Commercial License Examiner
• iNARTE offers validated methodology for the identification and verification of Engineers and Technicians who are able to evidence competency, experience, appropriate education and training for a specified expertise.
• iNARTE has certified more than 16000 members in 26 countries
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Certification CriteriaiNARTE Certification
1.Experience
2.Examination
4. Education
3.References
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
What is the value proposition? Who are the customers?
iNARTE offers a credible, 3rd party opinion of competence in a specialized field.
Different people are looking for different things:
Documentation of training & knowledge. Knowledge & experience. Work readiness – knowledge, experience,
judgment and character.
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Is a certification program viable?
A mature program will certify ~25% of the potential candidates.
It takes ~1000 certifications or a specialty with ~4000 full time practitioners to support a viable program.
How do you take a census of participants in an emerging field?
Established fields have known data sources The participants are not yet in a new field
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
What is the body of knowledge?
A competent practitioner has command of the body of knowledge and experience in applying it.
In an emerging field the body of knowledge is rapidly changing!
What does experience mean when what you did yesterday may actually train you to do the wrong things tomorrow?
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
What organization holds the center of the body of knowledge?
Typically alliances are built with key organizations in a discipline and with the opinion leaders in the discipline.
The leaders in the field make sure that the test is current and adequately surveys the required knowledge.
What organization do you build an alliance with?
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Conclusions Innovations:
Move the boundaries Take organizations back to their core formulas Challenge established business cases Require new processes
The same organization can seldom mature an innovation as both sustaining and disruptive.
Sustaining innovations are best matured by focus and discipline.
Disruptive innovations are best matured by exploration, diversity and flexibility.
TTEEMM CCoonnssuullttiinngg,, LLPP
© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights ReservedPresentation at Baylor Univ. - 081114 Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB
Conclusions
Wireless is changing in fundamental ways.
Innovations will be matured by some to be sustaining and by others to be disruptive of current business models.
Convergence is creating new technical specialties.