Planning a World-Planning a World-Class Greenway Class Greenway
System for Greenville System for Greenville CountyCounty
Presented by:Presented by:
Charles A. Flink, FASLACharles A. Flink, FASLA
PresidentPresident
Greenways IncorporatedGreenways Incorporated
Greenways 101Greenways 101
What is a Greenway?What is a Greenway?
Where are Greenways Where are Greenways Found?Found?
Why are Greenways Why are Greenways Important?Important?
Multi-Objective GreenwaysMulti-Objective Greenways
GreenwaysGreenwaysGreenwaysGreenways
Floodplain Floodplain ManagementManagementFloodplain Floodplain
ManagementManagement
Growth Growth ManagementManagement
Growth Growth ManagementManagement
StewardshipStewardshipStewardshipStewardship
Water QualityWater QualityProtectionProtection
Water QualityWater QualityProtectionProtection
EconomicEconomicDevelopmentDevelopment
EconomicEconomicDevelopmentDevelopment
AlternativeAlternativeTransportationTransportation
AlternativeAlternativeTransportationTransportation
Greenway Corridor Greenway Corridor TypesTypes
Vocabulary of TypesVocabulary of Types Type 1: No developmentType 1: No development
Type 2: Limited developmentType 2: Limited development
Type 3: Multi-use unpaved trailsType 3: Multi-use unpaved trails
Type 4: Multi-use paved trailsType 4: Multi-use paved trails
Type 5: On-road trailsType 5: On-road trails
Type 6: Paddleway trailType 6: Paddleway trail
Why are Why are Greenways Important?Greenways Important?
Greenways Greenways connect us to connect us to natural places we natural places we treasure -- and treasure -- and enable us to enable us to preserve these preserve these places for future places for future generations generations
Why are Why are Greenways Important?Greenways Important?
Greenways Greenways connect us to our connect us to our communities and communities and allow citizens to allow citizens to freely and safely freely and safely navigate a variety navigate a variety of urban and of urban and suburban suburban environments.environments.
Why are Why are Greenways Important?Greenways Important?
Greenways Greenways connect us with connect us with each other -- each other -- serving to break serving to break down social down social barriers and barriers and serving as serving as America’s new America’s new “Main Street” for “Main Street” for community events.community events.
The Benefits of The Benefits of GreenwaysGreenways
TransportationTransportation Health/WellnessHealth/Wellness
EnvironmentEnvironmentEducationEducation
EconomicsEconomics
Resources on Resources on Greenway PlanningGreenway Planning
Both books are available Both books are available from Island Pressfrom Island Press
A Framework for A Framework for Greenway SystemsGreenway Systems
Effective Greenway Effective Greenway programs are based programs are based on the “Hubs and on the “Hubs and Spokes” model.Spokes” model.
Connections is the Connections is the key - create key - create opportunities for opportunities for community community residents to be residents to be linked to outdoor linked to outdoor resources.resources.
Farmland
Workplaceor Center City
ResidentialNeighborhood
Hub:FederalLand
Hub: City Park
Hub: CountyOr State Park
Shopping Center
School
Sensitive Habitat
Spoke:LandscapedRoadway
Spoke:Rail-Trail
Spoke:River/Stream Corridor
Key Elements of PlanningKey Elements of Planning
Hubs and Spokes Hubs and Spokes FrameworkFramework
Hubs and Spokes Hubs and Spokes FrameworkFramework
GIS MappingGIS MappingGIS MappingGIS Mapping
Public InvolvementPublic InvolvementPublic InvolvementPublic Involvement
Plan of ActionPlan of ActionPlan of ActionPlan of Action
Source of FundingSource of FundingSource of FundingSource of Funding
Acquisition/DevelopmentAcquisition/DevelopmentAcquisition/DevelopmentAcquisition/Development
Key Steps in PlanningKey Steps in Planning Step 1: Consensus BuildingStep 1: Consensus Building Step 2: Data Collection/SynthesisStep 2: Data Collection/Synthesis Step 3: Needs IdentificationStep 3: Needs Identification Step 4: Prepare Draft Greenways PlanStep 4: Prepare Draft Greenways Plan Step 5: Draft Plan ReviewStep 5: Draft Plan Review Step 6: Prepare Final Greenway PlanStep 6: Prepare Final Greenway Plan Step 7: Present Final PlanStep 7: Present Final Plan Step 8: Develop Implementation Step 8: Develop Implementation
StrategiesStrategies
Step 1: Consensus BuildingStep 1: Consensus Building Form Advisory Form Advisory
CommitteeCommittee Hold Public Open Hold Public Open
House MeetingsHouse Meetings Publish a NewsletterPublish a Newsletter
Step 1A: Public Step 1A: Public WorkshopsWorkshops
Conduct public Conduct public workshops:workshops: Initial workshop with Initial workshop with
citizens would define citizens would define goals and solicit ideas goals and solicit ideas for updates to system.for updates to system.
Follow up workshop Follow up workshop would be to present would be to present preliminary Greenway preliminary Greenway Plan and discuss Plan and discuss implementation implementation program.program.
Conduct public Conduct public workshops:workshops: Initial workshop with Initial workshop with
citizens would define citizens would define goals and solicit ideas goals and solicit ideas for updates to system.for updates to system.
Follow up workshop Follow up workshop would be to present would be to present preliminary Greenway preliminary Greenway Plan and discuss Plan and discuss implementation implementation program.program.
Step 2: Data CollectionStep 2: Data Collection
Use GIS technology to complete a Use GIS technology to complete a thorough data collection effort thorough data collection effort that will include:that will include: Assessment of existing greenspace in Assessment of existing greenspace in
Greenville CountyGreenville County
Plot all information on separate layers Plot all information on separate layers into GIS data set using ESRI Arc View into GIS data set using ESRI Arc View (NAD 83)(NAD 83)
Conduct field investigationsConduct field investigations
Review prior greenspace planning Review prior greenspace planning effortsefforts
GIS Screening Process
Step 2Step 1 Step 3Existing Greenspace.
AnalysisGIS Data Set
WaterResources
Roads &Utilities
Wildlife Habitat
Floodplains/Stream
Corridors
Wetlands
T. I. P.
Slopes and Soils
Watersheds
Historic Sites
Base Data
CommunityResources PhasingPhasing
GIS Analysis
GreenwayGreenwaySystem System
MapMapLand Cover
Select Select and and
prioritize prioritize greenbelt greenbelt segmentssegments
GIS Analysis
Short TermShort Term
0 to 2 years0 to 2 years
Medium Medium TermTerm
2 to 5 years2 to 5 years
Long TermLong Term
5 years & up5 years & up
Data Available from Greenville County GIS:
•Zoning
•Street Centerlines
•Railroads
•Traffic Counts
•Streams and Rivers
•Lakes
•Parks, Libraries, & other Landmarks
•Contour Lines (4, 8, & 12 Feet)
•Aerial Photography
Determining a “Level of Service” – LOSDetermining a “Level of Service” – LOS
Why? Provide adequate supply of greenspace Why? Provide adequate supply of greenspace resources to serve the public health, safety and resources to serve the public health, safety and welfare needs of Greenville County residents.welfare needs of Greenville County residents.
Proper balance of greenspace and developed land.Proper balance of greenspace and developed land.
Proximity and accessibility are key elements of Proximity and accessibility are key elements of satisfying needs of residents.satisfying needs of residents.
Barriers to access and use must be consideredBarriers to access and use must be considered
Step 3: Step 3: Needs AssessmentNeeds Assessment
NRPA StandardsNRPA Standards
Adopted PoliciesAdopted Policies
Demographic TrendsDemographic Trends
Leisure Activity TrendsLeisure Activity Trends
Prior Planning EffortsPrior Planning Efforts
Statistical SurveysStatistical Surveys
Opinion SurveysOpinion Surveys
Public InputPublic Input
Market ReckoningMarket Reckoning
Benefits of Benefits of GreenspaceGreenspace
Community Community ComparisonComparison
Determining a Level of Service
Current Greenspace in Current Greenspace in Charleston CountyCharleston County
Local Government greenspace Local Government greenspace 6,683 6,683 acresacres
State and Federal greenspace State and Federal greenspace 128,916 128,916 acresacres
Private greenspace Private greenspace 25,785 acres25,785 acres
TotalsTotals 161,384 acres161,384 acres
4%
80%
16%
LocalState and FedPrivate
Data Source: Greenways Incorporated 2005
Step 4: Draft Master PlanStep 4: Draft Master Plan
Prepare draft Master Plan that Prepare draft Master Plan that will:will:
Define level of service of the Define level of service of the systemsystem
Define uses for each corridorDefine uses for each corridor
Define financial constraints Define financial constraints associated with facility associated with facility development (O&M)development (O&M)
Define sources of fundingDefine sources of funding
Conceptual FrameworkConceptual Framework
Progressive Progressive framework that framework that forecasts forecasts immediate and long immediate and long term needsterm needs
How are these How are these needs metneeds met
Illustrated on GIS Illustrated on GIS mappingmapping
Described in reportDescribed in report
MetroGreen System MapMetroGreen System Map A “Greenprint” for A “Greenprint” for
future growth and future growth and development of the development of the Kansas City Region.Kansas City Region.
“ “Just as you would Just as you would not consider not consider building a home building a home without a blueprint, without a blueprint, we should not we should not continue to grow our continue to grow our communities communities without a without a Greenprint.”Greenprint.”
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Regional Trail Conceptual MapRegional Trail Conceptual Map
Connecting Communities• 500 miles of trail
• 2.3 million people
• 40 destinations
• 7,300 sq. miles
• 15 counties
Future of the 15-County Future of the 15-County RegionRegion
Hubs of the Future
Bikeable CommunityBikeable Community
Walkable CommunityWalkable Community
Transit FriendlyTransit Friendly
Thriving DowntownsThriving Downtowns
A Region of Communities
Step 5: Review Draft PlanStep 5: Review Draft Plan
Meet with citizens Meet with citizens to review draft to review draft plansplans
Coordinate plan Coordinate plan review with a public review with a public workshop - solicit workshop - solicit input on draft input on draft recommendations recommendations
Articulate for Articulate for community community residents how residents how greenway program greenway program will be will be implementedimplemented
Step 6: Final Master PlanStep 6: Final Master Plan Final Master Plan Final Master Plan
should include: should include: Description of Greenway Description of Greenway
CorridorsCorridors
Estimate of Greenway Estimate of Greenway Facility and Land Facility and Land Acquisition CostsAcquisition Costs
Implementation StrategyImplementation Strategy
Design Development Design Development GuidelinesGuidelines
Land Acquisition strategyLand Acquisition strategy
Define roles and Define roles and responsibilities of Countyresponsibilities of County
Final GIS Mapping Final GIS Mapping Digital files for Digital files for
uploading to web siteuploading to web site
Greenway StewardshipGreenway StewardshipGreenway StewardshipGreenway Stewardship
Who manages the Who manages the increasing amount increasing amount of greenway of greenway facilitiesfacilities
Public sector Public sector stewardshipstewardship
Private sector Private sector stewardshipstewardship
Step 7: Present Final PlanStep 7: Present Final Plan
Present Final Plan to:Present Final Plan to:
Advisory CommitteeAdvisory Committee
Parks and Recreation Parks and Recreation CommissionCommission
County Planning CommissionCounty Planning Commission
County CouncilCounty Council
Step 8: Ensuring Step 8: Ensuring Implementation of the Implementation of the
Master PlanMaster Plan Create mechanisms within existing Create mechanisms within existing
rules & regulations that will lead to the rules & regulations that will lead to the implementation of the greenways implementation of the greenways master plan:master plan:
Cluster OrdinancesCluster Ordinances
Connectivity RequirementsConnectivity Requirements
Development (and consistent enforcement) Development (and consistent enforcement) of a countywide growth frameworkof a countywide growth framework
Public Funding for Greenway DevelopmentPublic Funding for Greenway Development
Fundamentally, Greenways are Fundamentally, Greenways are aboutabout connectionsconnections between between
people people and the land.and the land.
Leaving a Legacy for Leaving a Legacy for Future GenerationsFuture Generations
““To build a Greenway is To build a Greenway is to build a Community”to build a Community”
Charles LittleCharles Little
““To build a Greenway is To build a Greenway is to build a Community”to build a Community”
Charles LittleCharles Little